| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Pulvinitidae was named by Stephenson (1941). It is extant.
It was reranked as the family Pulvinitinae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pteriacea by Newell (1965), Vokes (1980); to Pterioida by Spencer et al. (2004); to Malleoidea by Nevesskaja (2009); to Pterioidea by Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Malleidae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was reranked as the family Pulvinitinae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pteriacea by Newell (1965), Vokes (1980); to Pterioida by Spencer et al. (2004); to Malleoidea by Nevesskaja (2009); to Pterioidea by Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Malleidae by Carter et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Entered
by M. Kosnik on 2002-10-12; modified by M. Kosnik on 2013-04-30
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1941 | Pulvinitidae Stephenson |
| 1965 | Pulvinitidae Newell p. 17 |
| 1980 | Pulvinitidae Vokes p. 45 |
| 2004 | Pulvinitidae Spencer et al. |
| 2006 | Pulvinitidae Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 229 |
| 2009 | Pulvinitidae Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Pulvinitidae Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Pulvinitinae Carter et al. p. 9 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Pulvinitinae Stephenson 1941
show all | hide all
G. †Hypotrema
G. Pulvinites Blainville 1824
hide
†Pulvinites adansoni Blainville 1824
†Pulvinites antarctica Zinsmeister 1978
†Pulvinites californica Zinsmeister 1978
†Pulvinites lawrencei Ward and Waller 1988
†Pulvinites pacifica Zinsmeister 1978
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: superf = superfamily, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pliensbachian to the top of the Thanetian or 192.90000 to 56.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 184.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 184.2 Ma
Collections (29 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Pliensbachian - Late/Upper Pliensbachian | Argentina (Neuquen) | Pulvinites liasicus (10701) | |
| Pliensbachian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Pulvinites liasicus (33780 33782) Pulvinites sp. (33735) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Hypotrema sp. (36553 36554 36556) | |
| Middle Oxfordian | France | Hypotrema sp. (11084) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Hypotrema sp. (4084) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Hypotrema sp. (34608) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Tennessee) | Pulvinites argentea (88357) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Pulvinites antarctica (3166 3169) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Georgia) | Pulvinites argenteus (1309) | |
| Maastrichtian | Antarctica | Pulvinites antarctica (278569) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Arkansas) | Pulvinites argenteus (1302) | |
| Maastrichtian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Pulvinites antarctica (1316 3161 63513 63518) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Mississippi) | Pulvinites argenteus (1303) | |
| Danian | France | Pulvinites dysporista (20816) | |
| Selandian | USA (California) | Pedalion sp. (239603 239604 239683 239693) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | USA (California) | Pedalion sp. (239685) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Virginia) | Pulvinites lawrencei (35062) | |
| Thanetian | USA (California) | Pedalion sp. (204137) |