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Biflustra

Gymnolaemata - Cheilostomata - Membraniporidae

Taxonomy
Biflustra was named by d'Orbigny (1852) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Membraniporidae by Brown (1958); to Cheilostomata by Sepkoski (2002); and to Membraniporidae by Bassler (1953), Brown (1956), Wienrich (1999), Pouyet (2000), Zágoršek and Kroh (2003), Schmidt (2003), Berning (2006), Gordon (2012), Zagorsek and Gordon (2013), Guha (2013), Viera et al. (2016).

Species
B. delta, B. orbicularis, B. regularis, B. savartii, B. teres
Species lacking formal opinion data
B. falunica, B. mitiae, B. osnabrugensis
Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by F. Franeck on 2015-08-28

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1852Biflustra d'Orbigny
1953Biflustra Bassler p. G156
1956Biflustra Brown
1958Biflustra Brown
1999Biflustra Wienrich p. 270
2000Biflustra Pouyet
2002Biflustra Sepkoski
2003Biflustra Schmidt
2003Biflustra Zágoršek and Kroh p. 400
2006Biflustra Berning p. 18
2012Biflustra Gordon p. 2
2013Biflustra Guha
2013Biflustra Zagorsek and Gordon p. 598
2016Biflustra Viera et al. p. 65

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
phylumBryozoaEhrenberg 1831
classGymnolaemataAllman 1856
orderCheilostomataBusk 1859
suborderMembraniporinaOrtmann 1890
superfamilyMembraniporoideaBusk 1852
familyMembraniporidaeBusk 1854
genusBiflustrad'Orbigny 1852

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Biflustra d'Orbigny 1852
show all | hide all
†Biflustra delta Brown 1958
Biflustra orbicularis MacGillivray 1895
†Biflustra regularis d'Orbigny 1852
Biflustra savartii Audouin 1826
†Biflustra teres Novák 1877
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: intermediate Mg calcitef
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: oviparouso
Brooding: yeso
Created: 2008-02-26 05:45:57
Modified: 2008-02-27 07:16:08
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Smith et al. 2006, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Calabrian or 85.70000 to 0.77400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma

Collections (36 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Austria B. teres (61374)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2France B. regularis (3787)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) B. delta (173526) B. regularis (173508 173509 173510 173512)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany (Hessen) B. osnabrugensis (90524)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany B. osnabrugensis (46102)
Miocene - Oligocene23.04 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) B. regularis (173502 173511) B. regularis, B. delta (173504 173506 173528)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98India B. mitiae (178702)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France B. falunica (65395)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Romania B. sp. (178089)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) B. savartii (61896 61898 61900)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama B. savartii (61342)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Spain B. savartii (177482)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) B. savartii (61334)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Spain B. savartii (177488)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Portugal B. sp. (152330)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Australia (South Australia) B. savartii (172913)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Spain B. savartii (177489 177490 177491)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas del Toro) B. savartii (61340 61344 79998 91901 91902)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas) B. savartii (79983)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Costa Rica (Limon) B. savartii (79835)