PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Escharella

Gymnolaemata - Cheilostomata - Romancheinidae

Taxonomy

Escharella was named by Gordon (1984) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-m-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 633]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Cheilostomata by Sepkoski (2002); to Escharellidae by Brown (1952), Brown (1958), Pouyet (2000), Bock (2006); and to Romancheinidae by Lee et al. (1997), Berning (2006), Guha and Gopikrishna (2007), Guha (2013).

Species

E. (Dialytostoma), E. ashapuraae, E. elongata, E. fistula, E. octodentata, E. reussiana, E. serrulata, E. spinosissima, Mucronella microstoma, Mucronella peachii

Species lacking formal opinion data

E. ashapurae, E. chiragra, E. connectens, E. indivisa, E. klugei, E. tenera, E. thompsoni, E. variolosa

Synonyms

Mucronella is a genus. It is extant. It is the type genus of Mucronellidae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Escharella by Bock (2006).

It was assigned to Smittinidae by Canu and Bassler (1935); to Mucronellidae by Bassler (1953); and to Cheilostomata by Sepkoski (2002).
Perigastrella was named by Canu and Bassler (1917) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 2,1066]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Escharella by Gordon (2012).

It was assigned to Phylactellidae by Bassler (1953), Cheetham (1962); to Cheilostomata by Sepkoski (2002); and to Romancheinidae by Bock (2006).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1917	Perigastrella Canu and Bassler
1935	Mucronella Canu and Bassler
1952	Escharella Brown
1953	Mucronella Bassler p. G207
1953	Perigastrella Bassler p. G218
1958	Escharella Brown
1962	Perigastrella Cheetham p. 334
1984	Escharella Gordon
1997	Escharella Lee et al.
2000	Escharella Pouyet
2002	Escharella Sepkoski
2002	Mucronella Sepkoski
2002	Perigastrella Sepkoski
2006	Escharella Berning p. 62
2006	Escharella Bock
2006	Perigastrella Bock
2007	Escharella Guha and Gopikrishna
2013	Escharella Guha

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
phylum	Bryozoa	Ehrenberg 1831

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gymnolaemata	Allman 1856
order	Cheilostomata	Busk 1859
suborder	Flustrina	(Smitt 1868)
infraorder	Umbonulomorpha	Gordon 1989
superfamily	Lepralielloidea	Vigneaux 1949
family	Romancheinidae	Jullien 1888
genus	Escharella	Gordon 1984

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Escharella Gordon 1984

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Subg. †Escharella (Dialytostoma) Cossmann 1888

†Escharella ashapuraae Guha and Gopikrishna 2007

†Escharella elongata Canu and Bassler 1935

†Escharella fistula Brown 1952

Escharella octodentata Hincks 1880

†Escharella reussiana Busk 1859

†Escharella serrulata Reuss 1848

Escharella spinosissima Hincks 1881

Invalid names: Mucronella [synonym], Perigastrella Canu and Bassler 1917 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

intermediate Mg calcitef

Composition 2:

aragonitef

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Brooding:

yeso

Created:

2008-02-27 06:39:18

Modified:

2008-02-27 08:39:18

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade

References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Smith et al. 2006, Bock 2006

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 41.03000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma

Collections (50 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	United Kingdom (England)	Mucronella angustocecium (42644)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Alabama)	Perigastrella oscitans (7317) Perigastrella trapezoidea, Perigastrella ovoidea (7331)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Florida)	Perigastrella depressa (7321) Perigastrella ovoidea (7332) Perigastrella tubulosa, Perigastrella ovoidea (7330)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	USA (Georgia)	Perigastrella elegans (160397) Perigastrella sp. (90480)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	New Zealand (North Otago)	E. sp. (172815 172816)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	USA (Mississippi)	Mucronella granulosa, Perigastrella oscitans, Perigastrella rectilineata (84174)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Alabama)	Perigastrella ovoidea (90551) Perigastrella plana (90549 90563) Perigastrella plana, Perigastrella costellifera (90561 90562)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Mississippi)	Perigastrella plana (90565)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	New Zealand (North-West Nelson)	E. fistula (173837)
Oligocene - Miocene	33.9 - 5.333	Australia (Victoria)	E. elongata (173508 173512 173521)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Australia (Victoria)	Mucronella elongata (174154)
Miocene - Oligocene	23.04 - 23.04	Australia (Victoria)	E. elongata (173502 173504 173506 173511)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	India	E. ashapurae (178702)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	France	E. sp. (65395)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Czechia	E. chiragra (178887) E. sp. (178897) E. tenera (178890 178895 178896) E. tenera, Perigastrella concinna (178899) E. variolosa (178893) Perigastrella concinna (178898)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Romania	E. tenera (178089)
Waiauan	13.05 - 11.04	New Zealand	E. fistula (173831)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Spain	E. octodentata (177485) E. reussiana (177486) E. reussiana, E. serrulata, E. peachi, E. grossa (178465)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Portugal	E. sp. (152330)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	New Zealand	E. fistula (173737) E. spinosissima (173740)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Antarctica	Mucronella praestans (41581)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Greenland	E. connectens, E. indivisa, E. klugei (75200) E. connectens, E. indivisa, E. klugei, E. thompsoni (75197) E. connectens, E. klugei (75179)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Mucronella microstoma (160361)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Greenland	E. klugei (75148)