PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Petrocrania

Craniata - Craniida - Craniidae

Taxonomy

Petrocrania was named by Raymond (1910). Its type is Craniella meduanensis.

It was assigned to Craniidae by Hoare (1961), Mitchell (1977) and Williams et al. (2000); and to Acrotretida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

P. diabloensis, P. dodgei, P. dubia, P. exasperata, P. famelica, P. hamiltoniae (syn. Craniella hamiltonae), P. meduanensis, P. modesta, P. mullochensis, P. ourayensi, P. prona, P. reversa, P. scabiosa, P. septifera, P. teretis, Philhedrella siluriana

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. megalophthalma, P. zukalovae

Synonyms

Philhedrella was named by Kozlowski (1929) [Sepkoski's age data: S Ldov-l S Ludl Sepkoski's reference number: 1,6]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Petrocrania by Williams et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Craniidae by Wright (1963); and to Acrotretida by Sepkoski (2002).
Craniella was named by Oehlert (1911).

It was replaced with Petrocrania by Williams et al. (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1910	Petrocrania Raymond
1911	Craniella Oehlert p. 101
1929	Philhedrella Kozlowski
1961	Petrocrania Hoare p. 25
1963	Philhedrella Wright
1977	Petrocrania Mitchell
2000	Petrocrania Williams et al. p. 181
2002	Petrocrania Sepkoski
2002	Philhedrella Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Craniiformea	Popov et al. 1993
class	Craniata
order	Craniida	Waagen 1885
superfamily	Cranioidea	(Menke 1828)
family	Craniidae	Menke 1828
genus	Petrocrania	Raymond 1910

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910

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†Petrocrania diabloensis Cooper and Grant 1974

†Petrocrania dodgei Rowley 1908

†Petrocrania dubia Williams 1974

†Petrocrania exasperata Cooper and Grant 1974

†Petrocrania famelica Hall and Whitfield 1872

†Petrocrania hamiltoniae Hall 1867

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Invalid names: Craniella hamiltonae Hall 1867 [objective synonym]

†Petrocrania meduanensis Oehlert 1888

†Petrocrania modesta White and St. John 1867

†Petrocrania mullochensis Reed 1917

†Petrocrania ourayensi Kindle 1909

†Petrocrania prona Raymond 1906

†Petrocrania reversa Sardeson 1896

†Petrocrania scabiosa Hall 1866

†Petrocrania septifera Cooper and Grant 1974

†Petrocrania teretis Cooper and Grant 1974

Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
valve height	11	2.47	1.40	4.60	2.00	1.17

Composition:

low Mg calciteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

noneg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

stationaryg

Attached:

yesg

Epibiont:

yesg

Life habit:

epifaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al. (2000). LIFE HISTORY: Data from Leighton (2005).g

Created:

2009-06-06 10:28:58

Modified:

2009-07-20 09:28:04

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class

References: Williams et al. 1996, Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Arenig to the top of the Capitanian or 478.60000 to 259.51000 Ma

Collections (293 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Tremadoc	486.5 - 477.7	Czech Republic	P. sp. (192830)
Ordovician	485.4 - 443.8	USA (New York)	P. sp. (332)
Arenig	478.6 - 466.0	United Kingdom (Wales)	P. sp. (69096)
Middle Ordovician	470.0 - 458.4	USA (New York)	P. sp. (335)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	USA (Vermont)	P. prona (101749)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	USA (New York)	Crania prona (56215 172320) P. prona (171794 172144)
Llanvirn	468.0 - 458.4	China (QingHai)	P. sp. (8683 23596)
Letna - Harnagian	460.9 - 457.2	Czech Republic	P. obsoleta (3861)
Harnagian	458.4 - 457.2	United Kingdom (Shropshire)	P. dubia (45323)
Soudleyan	458.4 - 457.2	United Kingdom (Shropshire)	P. dubia (46886 46892 46893)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Virgilian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (New Mexico)	Crania modesta (52081)
Virgilian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (Kansas)	Crania modesta (785 808 838 849 860 871 875)
Noginskian	301.2 - 300.1	USA (Kansas)	P. modesta (11878 11879 12042)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	USA (Kansas)	Crania modesta (813 821 848 873) P. modesta (12430 12431 12432 12440 12441)
Artinskian - Kungurian	290.1 - 272.3	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (105972)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	USA (Texas)	P. diabloensis (75864 81724) P. sp. (43510 43589 101785 105687)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Venezuela (Merida)	P. teretis (41510 41512)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (105805 106109) P. teretis (43548 43553 81693)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	USA (Texas)	P. exasperata (106138) P. exasperata, P. septifera (101867 105896) P. sp. (102619 105821 106244 106245) P. teretis (43550)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (105894 106249)