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Syngnathidae
Taxonomy
Syngnathidae is a family. It is extant.
It was assigned to Solenichthyes by David (1943); to Lophobranchii by Jordan (1963); to Syngnathoidei by Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013); to Syngnathoidea by Pietsch (1978), Bannikov (2014); to Syngnathiformes by Danil'chenko (1960), Nelson et al. (2016); and to Gasterosteiformes by Žalohar et al. (2009), Přikryl et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Solenichthyes by David (1943); to Lophobranchii by Jordan (1963); to Syngnathoidei by Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013); to Syngnathoidea by Pietsch (1978), Bannikov (2014); to Syngnathiformes by Danil'chenko (1960), Nelson et al. (2016); and to Gasterosteiformes by Žalohar et al. (2009), Přikryl et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Acanthognathus, Bryx, Doryrhamphus (syn. Pristidoryrhamphus), Dunckerocampus, Eogastrophinae, Hippocampus (syn. Hippohystrix, Farlapiscus), Hipposyngnathinae, Leptonotus, Prosolenostomus, Pshekhagnathinae, Syngnathinae, Syngnathus (syn. Syrictes, Dermatostethus, Siphonostoma, Siphostoma), Syngnathus bolcensis, Syngnathus heckeli
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1874 | Syngnathus heckeli de Zigno |
| 1887 | Syngnathus bolcensis de Zigno |
| 1943 | Syngnathidae David p. 84 |
| 1960 | Syngnathidae Danil'chenko p. 82 |
| 1963 | Syngnathidae Jordan p. 674 |
| 1978 | Syngnathidae Pietsch p. 527 |
| 2009 | Syngnathidae Žalohar et al. p. 80 |
| 2012 | Syngnathidae Fierstine et al. p. 92 |
| 2013 | Syngnathidae Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Syngnathidae Bannikov p. 27 |
| 2014 | Syngnathus bolcensis Bannikov p. 27 |
| 2014 | Syngnathus heckeli Bannikov p. 27 |
| 2016 | Syngnathidae Nelson et al. p. 407 |
| 2016 | Syngnathidae Přikryl et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Syngnathidae
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G. Bryx Herald 1940
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Subg. Bryx (Simocampus) Fritzsche 1980
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Bryx (Simocampus) arctum Jenkins and Everman 1888
Bryx (Simocampus) coccineus Herald 1940
Bryx (Simocampus) heraldi Fritzsche 1980
Bryx veleronis Herald 1940
G. Doryrhamphus Kaup 1853
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Doryrhamphus melanopleura Bleeker 1858
Doryrhamphus paulus Fritzsche 1980
†Doryrhamphus squalidus Danil'chenko 1960
Invalid names: Pristidoryrhamphus Fowler 1944 [synonym]
G. Dunckerocampus Whitley 1933
Subfm. †Eogastrophinae Jerzmanska 1968
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G. †Hipposyngnathus Danil'chenko 1960
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†Hipposyngnathus convexus Danil'chenko 1960
†Hipposyngnathus imporcitor Fritzsche 1980
†Hipposyngnathus neriticus Jerzmanska 1968
G. Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 [sea horse]
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Hippocampus ingens Girard 1859
†Hippocampus sarmaticus Žalohar et al. 2009
†Hippocampus slovenicus Žalohar et al. 2009
Invalid names: Farlapiscus Whitley 1931 [synonym], Hippohystrix Whitley 1940 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pshekhagnathinae Bannikov et al. 2017
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G. Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 [pipefish]
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†Syngnathus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Syngnathus altus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus avus Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Syngnathus breviculus Blainville 1818
Syngnathus californiensis Storer 1848
Syngnathus carinatus Gilbert 1892
†Syngnathus emeritus Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus euchrous ollotropis Fritzsche 1980
†Syngnathus incertus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus incompletus Cosmovici 1887
Syngnathus insulae Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard 1854
Syngnathus macrobrachium Fritzsche 1980
†Syngnathus opisthopterus Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Dermatostethus Gill 1863 [synonym], Siphonostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Siphostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Syrictes Jordan and Evermann 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipposyngnathinae Fritzsche 1980 [empty], Syngnathus bolcensis de Zigno 1887 [invalid subgroup], Syngnathus heckeli de Zigno 1874 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Gelasian or 56.00000 to 1.80000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (58 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian | Italy | Syngnathus heckeli, Syngnathus bolcensis, Prosolenostomus lessinii (94830) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Russian Federation (Adygeia) | Acanthognathus incolumis, Syngnathus incertus (105572) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Syngnathus sp., Doryrhamphus sp., Syngnathus incompletus (68021) | |
| Rupelian | Poland (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) | Syngnathidae indet., Hipposyngnathus neriticus (186589) | |
| Rupelian | Romania | Syngnathus incertus, Syngnathus altus, Syngnathus incompletus (113962) | |
| Rupelian | Russian Federation | Hipposyngnathus convexus (186452) Syngnathidae indet. (186469) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | Russian Federation | Syngnathus altus (186461) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | Russian Federation (North Ossetia) | Acanthognathus squalidus (186466) | |
| Aquitanian | Austria | Syngnathidae indet. (99160) | |
| Aquitanian | Azerbaijan | Syngnathus altus (116633) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Syngnathus avus (186018) | |
| Burdigalian | Czechia (Moravia) | Syngnathus sp. (222391) | |
| Burdigalian | Azerbaijan | Syngnathus sp. (116635) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Syngnathus sp. (85313) | |
| Langhian | Cyprus | Syngnathus albyi (66957) | |
| Middle Miocene | Italy | Syngnathus albyi (185486) | |
| Sarmatian | Russian Federation (Goryachii) | Syngnathidae indet. (211239) | |
| Sarmatian | Slovenia | Hippocampus sarmaticus, Hippocampus slovenicus (103103) | |
| Tortonian | Malta | Syngnathus sp. (210639) | |
| Tortonian | Greece (Crete) | Syngnathus kaehsbaueri, Syngnathus albyi (207356) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Syngnathus albyi (185752) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (45489) Syngnathus emeritus (204559) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (185679) Syngnathus avus (91023 179733 234629) Syngnathus avus, Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (152598) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Crete) | Syngnathus albyi (207364 207365) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Sicily) | Syngnathus albyi (186578) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Sicile) | Syngnathus albyi (210669) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | Syngnathus albyi (186581) | |
| Messinian | Greece | Syngnathus albyi (207361) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | Syngnathus albyi (186583 186585 219784) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Syngnathus albyi (59256) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Syngnathus albyi (185692 186575 186576 186577 210251 210640) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Cyprus | Syngnathus albyi (185663) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Syngnathus acus, Syngnathidae indet. (210256) Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus phlegon, Syngnathus sp. (210257) Syngnathus sp. (210255) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Italy | Hippocampus sp., Syngnathus acus, Syngnathidae indet. (145678) Syngnathus acus (145680) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (Florida) | Syngnathidae indet. (22712) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece | Syngnathus sp. (51511) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy | Hippocampus ramulosus (145683) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Syngnathus albyi (207303) Syngnathus sp. (207357) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Hippocampus sp., Hippocampus rammulosus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathidae indet. (57058) | |
| Gelasian | Italy (Bologna) | Syngnathus acusu (186574) |