PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Heteralosia

Strophomenata - Productida - Strophalosiidae

Taxonomy

Heteralosia was named by King (1938) [Sepkoski's age data: D m P Guad-u Sepkoski's reference number: 7,538]. Its type is Heteralosia slocomi.

It was reranked as Strophalosia (Heteralosia) by Reed (1944).

It was assigned to Strophalosia by Reed (1944); to Heteralosiinae by Muir-Wood and Cooper (1960); to Strophalosiinae by Williams et al. (2000); and to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species

H. alexandrae, H. beecheri, H. complectens (syn. Etheridgina muirwoodae), H. cornelliana, H. cymbula, H. fortispinosa, H. haerens, H. hystricula, H. iphia, H. magnispina, H. mexicana, H. orbiculata, H. paucispinosa, H. slocomi (type species), H. subelliptica, H. tenuispina, H. vidriensis, Strophalosia (Heteralosia) sublamellata, Strophalosia (Heteralosia) tenuispina

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1938	Heteralosia King p. 278
1944	Strophalosia (Heteralosia) Reed p. 106
1960	Heteralosia Muir-Wood and Cooper p. 80
2000	Heteralosia Williams et al. p. 568
2002	Heteralosia Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Productida	Sarycheva and Sokolskaya 1959
suborder	Strophalosiidina
superfamily	Strophalosioidea	()
family	Strophalosiidae
subfamily	Strophalosiinae
genus	Heteralosia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Heteralosia King 1938

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†Heteralosia alexandrae Pavlova 1991

†Heteralosia beecheri Rowley 1893

†Heteralosia complectens Etheridge 1918

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Invalid names: Etheridgina muirwoodae Prendergast 1943 [synonym]

†Heteralosia cornelliana Derby 1874

†Heteralosia cymbula Hall and Clarke 1892

†Heteralosia fortispinosa Hinchey and Ray 1935

†Heteralosia haerens Grant 1976

†Heteralosia hystricula Girty 1909

†Heteralosia iphia Grant 1976

†Heteralosia magnispina Cooper and Grant 1975

†Heteralosia mexicana Cooper 1953

†Heteralosia orbiculata Hinchley and Ray 1935

†Heteralosia paucispinosa Cooper and Grant 1975

†Heteralosia slocomi King 1938

†Heteralosia subelliptica Hinchey and Ray 1935

†Heteralosia tenuispina Cooper and Grant 1975

†Heteralosia vidriensis Cooper and Grant 1975

†Strophalosia (Heteralosia) sublamellata Reed 1944

†Strophalosia (Heteralosia) tenuispina Waagen 1884

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
shell height	22	3.74	1.60	10.0	3.75	1.74

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationarysubo

Attached:

yessubo

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalsubo

Diet:

suspension feedersubo

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2018-11-10 17:08:57

Modified:

2018-11-10 17:08:57

Source: subo = suborder, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004, Williams et al. 2000

Age range: base of the Middle Devonian to the top of the Changhsingian or 393.30000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (159 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Middle Devonian	393.3 - 382.7	USA (Michigan)	H. sp. A (219866)
Early/Lower Famennian	376.1 - 370.6	China	H. abnomalis (162317)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	USA (Montana)	H. beecheri (643 7130 7138 7143 7150 7156 7162 7165)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	USA (Missouri)	Strophalosia beecheri (6026 6027)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	USA (Illinois)	Strophalosia beecheri (5931)
Chadian	346.7 - 340.0	USA (Indiana)	H. keokuk (2184 2185 2187 2191 2202 2204 2207 2208)
Chadian - Arundian	346.7 - 340.0	USA (Indiana)	H. sp. (556 557)
Chesterian	335.5 - 323.2	USA (California)	H. sp. (196197)
Morrowan	323.2 - 318.6	USA (Nevada)	H. slocomi (144019)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	USA (Nevada)	H. sp. (144022)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (Nevada)	H. sp. (144025)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	USA (Texas)	Strophalosia hystricula (149719 149999)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Texas)	H. sp. (101772)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Mongolia	H. alexandrae (116246)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Australia (Western Australia)	H. complectens (131543) H. sp. A (85929)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Indonesia (Irian Jaya)	H. sp. (42907)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Australia (Western Australia)	Strophalosia sp. (106707 131881)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Mongolia	H. alexandrae (116251 116252)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	USA (Texas)	H. sp. (43534 75881 81860 102627) H. sp. 1 (43491) H. sp. 4 (81726) H. sp. 5, H. sp., H. vidriensis (101785) H. sp. 7 (75865 75923) Strophalosia hystricula (121457 149782 150851)
Kungurian - Wordian	279.3 - 264.28	USA (Texas)	Strophalosia hystricula (149822)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Australia (Western Australia)	H. sp. B (83268)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Australia (Northern Territory)	Strophalosia sp. (101259)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	USA (Texas)	H. hystricula (43519 43548 43549 43551 43553 81645 81650 101783 102605 102614 102615 105592 105726 105743 105850 105887 105932 106123) H. magnispina (81515 81693 81722 102602 106021) H. sp. (101807 102616 106109) H. sp. 2 (43563) H. sp. 3 (102604) H. sp., H. hystricula (105874) H. sp., H. magnispina, H. hystricula (101767) H. vidriensis (102603) Strophalosia hystricula (108862 113197 149945)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Thailand	H. sp., H. iphia (40868)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Thailand (Trang)	H. haerens (40896 40897 40899) H. iphia (40871)
Roadian - Wordian	272.3 - 264.28	USA (Texas)	H. hystricula (102630) H. sp. (106147)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Pakistan	Strophalosia sp., Strophalosia tenuispina (125853) Strophalosia sublamellata (125854) Strophalosia tenuispina (81501 125805 125822 125823 125824 125825 125837 125857 125861 125868 125869 125871 125873 125874 125879) Strophalosia tenuispina, Strophalosia sublamellata (125852 125859)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	USA (Texas)	H. hystricula (43526 43550 43557 105683 105764 105934 105977 106105) H. magnispina (81601 81695 81939 105896 105902 106108) H. magnispina, H. paucispinosa (102619) H. magnispina, H. paucispinosa, H. tenuispina (101867) H. paucispinosa (106244) H. sp. (105821) H. sp., H. hystricula (43552) H. sp., H. paucispinosa (106245)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Mexico (Sonora)	H. mexicana (40815)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	USA (Texas)	H. magnispina (81591 81593 81612 81624 81697 81698 101809 102618 105893 105894 105895 106248) H. paucispinosa (81609 81621) H. sp. (81618) H. sp. 6, H. magnispina (81626) H. sp., H. magnispina (101798) H. sp., H. magnispina, H. paucispinosa (106243) H. sp., H. paucispinosa (106249)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	USA (New Mexico)	H. magnispina (81629 105989)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Pakistan	H. sp. (109260)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	USA (Utah)	H. sp. (39561)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Russian Federation	Strophalosia cornelliana (127884 127890)