Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Myctophinae

Osteichthyes - Myctophiformes - Myctophidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1925Myctophinae Fowler
1948Myctophinae Kalabis p. 139
1949Myctophinae Fraser-Brunner p. 1040
1984Myctophinae Steurbaut p. 51
2006Myctophinae Prokofiev p. S71
2012Myctophinae Fierstine et al. p. 50
2013Myctophinae Denton p. 790
2013Myctophinae Schwarzhans p. 158
2013Myctophinae Schwarzhans and Aguilera p. 96
2018Myctophinae Martin et al. p. 79 figs. Table 3
2019Myctophinae Schwarzhans and Ohe p. 363
2021Myctophinae Schwarzhans and Nielsen p. 17

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Myctophata
orderMyctophiformesRegan 1911
familyMyctophidaeGill 1893
subfamilyMyctophinaeFowler 1925
subfamilyMyctophinaeFowler 1925

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Myctophinae Fowler 1925
show all | hide all
G. †Antimyctophum Schwarzhans 2019
+
G. Benthosema Goode and Bean 1896
+
†Benthosema duanformis Lin et al. 2023
Benthosema fibulatum Gilbert and Cramer 1897
†Benthosema fitchi Brzobohaty and Schultz 1978
Benthosema glaciale Reinhardt 1837 [glacier lantern fish]
+
Invalid names: Scopelus mulleri Gill 1861 [synonym], Scopelus parvimanus Günther 1864 [synonym], Scopelus scoticus Günther 1887 [synonym]
†Benthosema minutum Schwarzhans 2019
†Benthosema panamense Taning 1932
†Benthosema parafibulatum Lin et al. 2023
Benthosema pinchoti Fowler 1932
†Benthosema pluridens Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
Benthosema pterota Alcock 1891
Benthosema pterotum Alcock 1890
G. Centrobranchus Fowler 1904
+
+
Invalid names: Centrobranchus gracilicaudus Gilbert 1903 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Centrobranchus chaerocephalus Fowler 1903 [synonym]
G. Ctenoscopelus Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Ctenoscopelus phengodes Lütken 1892
G. Dasyscopelus Günther 1864
+
G. Diogenichthys Bolin 1839
+
†Diogenichthys aguilerai Schwarzhans 2013
†Diogenichthys hulleyi Schwarzhans 2013
†Diogenichthys laternatum Garman 1899
†Diogenichthys rangiauriensis Schwarzhans 2019
G. Electrona Goode and Bean 1895
+
Subg. Electrona (Elampa) Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
+
Invalid names: Myctophum megalops Peters 1864 [synonym]
Subg. Electrona (Hierops) Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
Subg. Electrona (Protomyctophum) Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Electrona anfossimosnai Schwarzhans 1978
Electrona keyesi Schwarzhans 1980
Electrona rissoi Cocco 1829
†Electrona subasperoides Schwarzhans 2019
G. Gonichthys Gistel 1850
+
Gonichthys bornesi Whitley 1943
Gonichthys cocco Cocco 1829
+
Invalid names: Alysia loricata Lowe 1839 [synonym], Myctophum coruscans Richardson 1844 [synonym], Myctophum gracilae Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym], Myctophum hians Richardson 1844 [synonym], Myctophum tenuiculum Garman 1889 [synonym], Scopelus gracilis Lütken 1892 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alysia Lowe 1839 [synonym], Rhinoscopelus Lütken 1829 [synonym]
G. Hygophum Bolin 1939
+
†Hygophum acutiventris Schwarzhans 2019
Hygophum agatense Robba 1970
†Hygophum agrigentensis Schwarzhans 1978
Hygophum benoiti Cocco 1838 [Benoit's lanternfish]
†Hygophum circularis Frost 1924
†Hygophum derthonensis Nolf and Steurbaut 1983
†Hygophum germanicum Heinrich 1969
Hygophum hygomi Lütken 1892 [Bermuda lantern fish]
+
Invalid names: Myctophum remiger Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym]
Hygophum macrochir Günther 1864 [large-finned lanternfish]
†Hygophum orcianensis Schwarzhans 1978
†Hygophum pabloensis Weiler 1959
†Hygophum probenoiti Arambourg 1927
Hygophum proximum Becker 1965
Hygophum reinhardtii Lütken 1892
+
Invalid names: Myctophum atratum Garman 1899 [synonym]
†Hygophum rotundum Ohe and Araki 1973
†Hygophum taaningi Becker 1965
G. Krefftichthys Hulley 1981
G. Loweina Fowler 1925
+
Loweina interruptum Tåning 1928
Loweina rarua Lütken 1892
G. Metelectrona Wisner 1963
G. Protomyctophum Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Protomyctophum ahunga Schwarzhans 2019
+
Invalid names: Myctophum oculeum Chapman 1939 [synonym], Myctophum thompsoni Chapman 1944 [synonym]
G. Symbolophorus Bolin and Wisner 1959
+
Symbolophorus boops Richardson 1845
Symbolophorus californiensis Eignemann and Eignemann 1889
†Symbolophorus meridionalis Steurbaut 1979
†Symbolophorus moriguchii Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
†Symbolophorus opononiensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Symbolophorus prionotus Grenfell 1984
†Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis Schwarzhans 2019
G. Tarletonbeania Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1891
+
Tarletonbeania crenularis Jordan and Gilbert 1880
Invalid names: Myctophini Fowler 1925 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:28:48
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:28:48
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Waitakian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 25.20000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.04 Ma

Collections (151 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Chattian27.3 - 23.04New Zealand (North Island) Scopelus concentricus (204336)
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand (South Island) Diogenichthys aguilerai, Symbolophorus opononiensis (219582) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus opononiensis (219578)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45France Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (219195)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Venezuela (Paraguana) Hygophum hygomi (118106)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Mie) Hygophum rotundum (222497)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Chile Diogenichthys aguilerai (241733) Diogenichthys aguilerai, Electrona subasperoides (241730) Diogenichthys aguilerai, Electrona subasperoides, Protomyctophum ahunga (46982) Hygophum circularis, Diogenichthys aguilerai (241729) Protomyctophum ahunga (46980)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Mexico (Veracruz) Ceratoscopelus pabloensis, Nyctophus biatlanticus (222553)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Indonesia (Aceh) Scopelus circularis (223637 223639)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (South Island) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus prionotus (219590) Scopelus circularis (204279)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (North Island) Electrona subasperoides (219521) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus opononiensis (219520) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus prionotus (219517 219522)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Chile Diogenichthys aguilerai, Protomyctophum ahunga (241735)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Hygophum benoiti, Benthosema fitchi, Symbolophorus meridionalis (220042) Hygophum hygomi, Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (219196) Symbolophorus meridionalis (220043)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Trinidad and Tobago Diogenichthys sp., Hygophum pabloensis (219233)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Chile (Bio-Bio) Hygophum circularis, Diogenichthys aguilerai (46979)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand Benthosema sp., Diogenichthys sp. (67900)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (North Island) Symbolophorus prionotus (219527)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Electrona subasperoides (219605) Electrona subasperoides, Protomyctophum ahunga (219609) Hygophum circularis (219597 219598 219599) Hygophum circularis, Benthosema minutum (219622) Hygophum circularis, Electrona subasperoides, Protomyctophum ahunga (219341 219606) Hygophum circularis, Protomyctophum ahunga (219608) Protomyctophum ahunga (219594)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (North Shore) Hygophum circularis (219526) Hygophum circularis, Benthosema minutum, Protomyctophum ahunga (219523 219524) Hygophum circularis, Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus prionotus (219525)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82France Hygophum hygomi, Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (219197)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Aichi) Symbolophorus sp., Hygophum rotundum (161449)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Italy Hygophum sp. (185486)
Clifdenian15.9 - 15.1New Zealand (South Island) Benthosema concentricum (219276) Hygophum circularis (219623)
Clifdenian15.9 - 15.1New Zealand (North Island) Antimyctophum konganaruensis (219540)
Clifdenian - Lillburnian15.9 - 13.05New Zealand (North Island) Benthosema concentricum (219541)
Lillburnian15.1 - 13.05New Zealand (North Island) Benthosema concentricum (219547)
Lillburnian - Waiauan15.1 - 11.04New Zealand (South Island) Benthosema concentricum (219610)
Waiauan13.05 - 11.04New Zealand (North Island) Benthosema conentricum (219267)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Gabon Diogenichthys hulleyi (219362)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Benthosema suborbitale (207585 207589 207590) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema suborbitale (207587 207588)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy Benthosema fitchi, Hygophum derthonensis (187505) Hygophum hygomii (70491) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema fitchi, Hygophum derthonensis (78437 187504 187507 187596) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema glaciale, Benthosema fitchi, Hygophum derthonensis (178120 187503 187506)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) Symbolophorus sp., Benthosema pluridens (219219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Germany Hygophum germanicum (223566)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii (207593)
Tongaporutuan11.04 - 7.2New Zealand (North Island) Electrona keyesi, Antimyctophum konganaruensis, Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis (219553) Hygophum sp., Symbolophorus sp., Electrona keyesi, Benthosema konganaruensis (219269) Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis (219554)
Tongaporutuan11.04 - 7.2New Zealand Benthosema conentricum (89138)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema suborbitale (207591)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Myctophum probenoiti (186583)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Benthosema suborbitale (199860) Benthosema suborbitale, Hygophum derthonensis (220503) Hygophum derthonensis (172914 172915 172916 199859)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Dominican Republic Hygophum sp. (75042)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Benthosema fitchi (220504) Hygophum hygomi (220502) Myctophum probenoiti (210251)
Kapitean7.2 - 5.333New Zealand (North Island) Hygophum acutiventris (219555)
Kapitean7.2 - 5.333New Zealand Scopelus circularis, Scopelus concentricus, Scopelus konganaruensis (162461)
Opoitian5.333 - 3.7New Zealand Electrona risso, Electrona sp., Symbolophorus boops (219270)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Taiwan (Taiwan) Benthosema duanformis (237150) Benthosema duanformis, Benthosema parafibulatum (237152) Benthosema parafibulatum (237151)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Greece (Peloponnese) Hygophum hygomii, Electrona risso (207769)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy (Sicily) Hygophum probenoiti, Hygophum agrigentensis, Electrona anfossimosnai (223702)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy Electrona rissoi, Hygophum hygomi (210257) Electrona sp. (210255) Hygophum agrigentensis, Electrona anfossimosnai (223700) Hygophum sp. (210256)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Venezuela Electrona rissoi (219231) Hygophum macrochir, Hygophum taaningi (219232) Hygophum pabloensis (219229)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Jamaica Hygophum sp., Hygophum benoiti, Symbolophorus veranyi (186673)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Italy Hygophum sp. (145678)
Opoitian - Mangapanian5.333 - 2.4New Zealand (North Island) Symbolophorus boops (219628)
Waipipian3.7 - 3.0New Zealand (Chatham Islands) Electrona risso, Diogenichthys rangiauriensis (219645)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (California) Benthosema sp., Electrona rissoi, Tarletonbeania crenularis (219858) Benthosema sp., Tarletonbeania crenularis, Symbolophorus californiensis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219859)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii, Hygophum benoiti (207357)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (California) Electrona rissoi (219849) Symbolophorus californiensis (19703 122752)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Italy Electrona rissoi, Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi (210258)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Japan Benthosema fibulatum, Benthosema pterotum (219768 219769)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Japan (Hane) Benthosema pterotum (219776) Benthosema pterotum, Hygophum proximum (219771)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Japan (Okinawa) Benthosema pterotum (219770) Electrona risso, Benthosema pterotum (219766) Electrona risso, Symbolophorus moriguchii (219767)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Italy Hygophum sp. (57058)
Mangapanian - Nukumaruan3.0 - 1.63New Zealand Symbolophorus boops (219631)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Japan Symbolophorus sp., Hygophum proximum, Symbolophorus californiensis (219781)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy Electrona rissoi, Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi (159096)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece (Rhodes) Hygophum hygomii (207579)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy (Bologna) Electrona sp. (186574)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti (207569) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema glaciale, Benthosema suborbitale, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti (207571)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Greece (Zakynthos) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema glaciale, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti, Symbolophorus veranyi (207576)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129Italy Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti (159823) Electrona rissoi, Benthosema glaciale, Benthosema suborbitale, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi (159378) Electrona rissoi, Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi, Symbolophorus veranyi (159455)
Gelasian - Ionian2.58 - 0.129Greece (Kephallonia) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema glaciale, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti (207577)
Gelasian - Ionian2.58 - 0.129Greece (Rhodes) Benthosema glaciale, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti (207578)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (California) Benthosema sp., Tarletonbeania crenularis (219856) Tarletonbeania crenularis (219855) Tarletonbeania crenularis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219853)
Nukumaruan2.4 - 1.63New Zealand (South Island) Electrona paucirastra, Protomyctophum normani, Symbolophorus boops (219643)
Nukumaruan2.4 - 1.63New Zealand (North Island) Electrona risso (219637)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Benthosema suborbitale (159288) Hygophum hygomi (159140)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti (207575) Hygophum benoiti (207573)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Japan Electrona sp. (219780) Symbolophorus californiensis (219777)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Italy Electrona rissoi, Benthosema glaciale, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi, Symbolophorus veranyi (159361)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Greece (Rhodes) Hygophum benoiti (207570) Hygophum hygomii, Benthosema glaciale, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti, Protomyctophum arcticum (207568)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Benthosema sp., Tarletonbeania crenularis, Symbolophorus californiensis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219857) Electrona rissoi, Tarletonbeania crenularis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219033)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (California) Symbolophorus californiensis (84881)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Electrona rissoi, Symbolophorus californiense (59063)