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Myctophinae

Osteichthyes - Myctophiformes - Myctophidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1925Myctophinae Fowler
1948Myctophinae Kalabis p. 139
1949Myctophinae Fraser-Brunner p. 1040
1984Myctophinae Steurbaut p. 51
2006Myctophinae Prokofiev p. S71
2012Myctophinae Fierstine et al. p. 50
2013Myctophinae Denton p. 790
2013Myctophinae Schwarzhans p. 158
2013Myctophinae Schwarzhans and Aguilera p. 96
2018Myctophinae Martin et al. p. 79 figs. Table 3
2019Myctophinae Schwarzhans and Ohe p. 363
2021Myctophinae Schwarzhans and Nielsen p. 17

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Myctophata
orderMyctophiformesRegan 1911
familyMyctophidaeGill 1893
subfamilyMyctophinaeFowler 1925
subfamilyMyctophinaeFowler 1925

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Myctophinae Fowler 1925
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G. †Antimyctophum Schwarzhans 2019
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G. Centrobranchus Fowler 1904
+
+
Invalid names: Centrobranchus gracilicaudus Gilbert 1903 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Centrobranchus chaerocephalus Fowler 1903 [synonym]
G. Ctenoscopelus Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Ctenoscopelus phengodes Lütken 1892
G. Electrona Goode and Bean 1895
+
Subg. Electrona (Elampa) Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
+
Invalid names: Myctophum megalops Peters 1864 [synonym]
Subg. Electrona (Hierops) Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
Subg. Electrona (Protomyctophum) Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Electrona anfossimosnai Schwarzhans 1978
Electrona keyesi Schwarzhans 1980
Electrona rissoi Cocco 1829
†Electrona subasperoides Schwarzhans 2019
G. Gonichthys Gistel 1850
+
Gonichthys bornesi Whitley 1943
Gonichthys cocco Cocco 1829
+
Invalid names: Alysia loricata Lowe 1839 [synonym], Myctophum coruscans Richardson 1844 [synonym], Myctophum gracilae Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym], Myctophum hians Richardson 1844 [synonym], Myctophum tenuiculum Garman 1889 [synonym], Scopelus gracilis Lütken 1892 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alysia Lowe 1839 [synonym], Rhinoscopelus Lütken 1829 [synonym]
G. Hygophum Bolin 1939
+
†Hygophum acutiventris Schwarzhans 2019
Hygophum agatense Robba 1970
†Hygophum agrigentensis Schwarzhans 1978
Hygophum benoiti Cocco 1838 [Benoit's lanternfish]
†Hygophum circularis Frost 1924
†Hygophum derthonensis Nolf and Steurbaut 1983
†Hygophum germanicum Heinrich 1969
Hygophum hygomi Lütken 1892 [Bermuda lantern fish]
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Invalid names: Myctophum remiger Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym]
Hygophum macrochir Günther 1864 [large-finned lanternfish]
†Hygophum orcianensis Schwarzhans 1978
†Hygophum pabloensis Weiler 1959
†Hygophum probenoiti Arambourg 1927
Hygophum proximum Becker 1965
Hygophum reinhardtii Lütken 1892
+
Invalid names: Myctophum atratum Garman 1899 [synonym]
†Hygophum rotundum Ohe and Araki 1973
†Hygophum taaningi Becker 1965
G. Krefftichthys Hulley 1981
G. Loweina Fowler 1925
+
Loweina interruptum Tåning 1928
Loweina rarua Lütken 1892
G. Metelectrona Wisner 1963
G. Protomyctophum Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Protomyctophum ahunga Schwarzhans 2019
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Invalid names: Myctophum oculeum Chapman 1939 [synonym], Myctophum thompsoni Chapman 1944 [synonym]
G. Symbolophorus Bolin and Wisner 1959
+
Symbolophorus boops Richardson 1845
Symbolophorus californiensis Eignemann and Eignemann 1889
†Symbolophorus meridionalis Steurbaut 1979
†Symbolophorus moriguchii Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
†Symbolophorus opononiensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Symbolophorus prionotus Grenfell 1984
†Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis Schwarzhans 2019
G. Tarletonbeania Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1891
+
Tarletonbeania crenularis Jordan and Gilbert 1880
Invalid names: Myctophini Fowler 1925 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:28:48
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:28:48
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 23.04000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 21.7 Ma

Collections (132 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand (South Island) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus opononiensis (219578) Symbolophorus opononiensis (219582)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45France Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (219195)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Chile Electrona subasperoides (241730) Electrona subasperoides, Protomyctophum ahunga (46982) Hygophum circularis (241729) Protomyctophum ahunga (46980)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Venezuela (Paraguana) Hygophum hygomi (118106)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Mie) Hygophum rotundum (222497)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Mexico (Veracruz) Ceratoscopelus pabloensis, Nyctophus biatlanticus (222553)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Indonesia (Aceh) Scopelus circularis (223637 223639)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (North Island) Electrona subasperoides (219521) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus opononiensis (219520) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus prionotus (219517 219522)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (South Island) Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus prionotus (219590) Scopelus circularis (204279)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Chile Protomyctophum ahunga (241735)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Chile (Bio-Bio) Hygophum circularis (46979)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Trinidad and Tobago Hygophum pabloensis (219233)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Hygophum benoiti, Symbolophorus meridionalis (220042) Hygophum hygomi, Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (219196) Symbolophorus meridionalis (220043)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (North Shore) Hygophum circularis (219526) Hygophum circularis, Electrona subasperoides, Symbolophorus prionotus (219525) Hygophum circularis, Protomyctophum ahunga (219523 219524)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Electrona subasperoides (219605) Electrona subasperoides, Protomyctophum ahunga (219609) Hygophum circularis (219597 219598 219599 219622) Hygophum circularis, Electrona subasperoides, Protomyctophum ahunga (219341 219606) Hygophum circularis, Protomyctophum ahunga (219608) Protomyctophum ahunga (219594)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (North Island) Symbolophorus prionotus (219527)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82France Hygophum hygomi, Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (219197)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Italy Hygophum sp. (185486)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Aichi) Symbolophorus sp., Hygophum rotundum (161449)
Clifdenian15.9 - 15.1New Zealand (North Island) Antimyctophum konganaruensis (219540)
Clifdenian15.9 - 15.1New Zealand (South Island) Hygophum circularis (219623)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy (Asti) Hygophum derthonensis (275778) Hygophum hygomii, Hygophum derthonensis (275777) Hygophum hygomii, Hygophum derthonensis, Symbolophorus meridionalis (237147)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy Hygophum derthonensis (187505) Hygophum hygomii (70491) Hygophum hygomii, Hygophum derthonensis (78437 178120 187503 187504 187506 187507 187596)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii (207587 207588)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) Symbolophorus sp. (219219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Germany Hygophum germanicum (223566)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii (207593)
Tongaporutuan11.04 - 7.2New Zealand (North Island) Electrona keyesi, Antimyctophum konganaruensis, Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis (219553) Hygophum sp., Symbolophorus sp., Electrona keyesi, Benthosema konganaruensis (219269) Symbolophorus tongaporutuensis (219554)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii (207591)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Hygophum derthonensis (172914 172915 172916 199859 220503)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Dominican Republic Hygophum sp. (75042)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Myctophum probenoiti (186583)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Hygophum hygomi (220502) Myctophum probenoiti (210251)
Kapitean7.2 - 5.333New Zealand Scopelus circularis, Scopelus konganaruensis (162461)
Kapitean7.2 - 5.333New Zealand (North Island) Hygophum acutiventris (219555)
Opoitian5.333 - 3.7New Zealand Electrona risso, Electrona sp., Symbolophorus boops (219270)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Venezuela Electrona rissoi (219231) Hygophum macrochir, Hygophum taaningi (219232) Hygophum pabloensis (219229)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Greece (Peloponnese) Hygophum hygomii, Electrona risso (207769)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy (Sicily) Hygophum probenoiti, Hygophum agrigentensis, Electrona anfossimosnai (223702)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy Electrona rissoi, Hygophum hygomi (210257) Electrona sp. (210255) Hygophum agrigentensis, Electrona anfossimosnai (223700) Hygophum sp. (210256)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Jamaica Hygophum sp., Hygophum benoiti, Symbolophorus veranyi (186673)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Italy Hygophum sp. (145678)
Opoitian - Mangapanian5.333 - 2.4New Zealand (North Island) Symbolophorus boops (219628)
Waipipian3.7 - 3.0New Zealand (Chatham Islands) Electrona risso (219645)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (California) Electrona rissoi, Tarletonbeania crenularis (219858) Tarletonbeania crenularis, Symbolophorus californiensis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219859)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (California) Electrona rissoi (219849) Symbolophorus californiensis (19703 122752)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Japan (Hane) Hygophum proximum (219771)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Japan (Okinawa) Electrona risso (219766) Electrona risso, Symbolophorus moriguchii (219767)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Italy Electrona rissoi, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi (210258)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Greece (Crete) Hygophum hygomii, Hygophum benoiti (207357)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Italy Hygophum sp. (57058)
Mangapanian - Nukumaruan3.0 - 1.63New Zealand Symbolophorus boops (219631)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece (Rhodes) Hygophum hygomii (207579)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Japan Symbolophorus sp., Hygophum proximum, Symbolophorus californiensis (219781)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy (Bologna) Electrona sp. (186574)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy Electrona rissoi, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi (159096)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Hygophum benoiti (207569) Hygophum hygomii, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti (207571)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Greece (Zakynthos) Hygophum hygomii, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti, Symbolophorus veranyi (207576)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129Italy Electrona rissoi, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi (159378) Electrona rissoi, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi, Symbolophorus veranyi (159455) Hygophum benoiti (159823)
Gelasian - Ionian2.58 - 0.129Greece (Kephallonia) Hygophum hygomii, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti (207577)
Gelasian - Ionian2.58 - 0.129Greece (Rhodes) Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti (207578)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (California) Tarletonbeania crenularis (219855 219856) Tarletonbeania crenularis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219853)
Nukumaruan2.4 - 1.63New Zealand (North Island) Electrona risso (219637)
Nukumaruan2.4 - 1.63New Zealand (South Island) Electrona paucirastra, Protomyctophum normani, Symbolophorus boops (219643)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Hygophum hygomi (159140)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Greece (Rhodes) Hygophum benoiti (207573 207575)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Japan Electrona sp. (219780) Symbolophorus californiensis (219777)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Italy Electrona rissoi, Hygophum benoiti, Hygophum hygomi, Symbolophorus veranyi (159361)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Greece (Rhodes) Hygophum benoiti (207570) Hygophum hygomii, Electrona risso, Hygophum benoiti, Protomyctophum arcticum (207568)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Electrona rissoi, Tarletonbeania crenularis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219033) Tarletonbeania crenularis, Symbolophorus californiensis, Protomyctophum crockeri (219857)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Japan (Kanagawa) Hygophum sp., Electrona risso (275914)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (California) Symbolophorus californiensis (84881)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Electrona rissoi, Symbolophorus californiense (59063)