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Peridiniales

Dinophyceae - Peridiniales

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1894Peridiniales Haeckel
2005Peridiniales Guler et al. p. 420
2023Peridiniales González Estebenet and Guler p. 512

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
—Chromalveolata
—Alveolata
—Myzozoa
RankNameAuthor
subphylumDinozoa
superclassDinoflagellata
classDinophyceae
orderPeridiniales
orderPeridiniales

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Peridiniales Haeckel 1894
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G. †Aireiana Cookson and Eisenack 1965
G. †Angustidinium Goodman and Evitt 1981
G. †Arachnodinium Wilson 1982
G. †Barssidinium Lentin et al. 1994
G. †Bitorus Keupp 1992
G. †Blysmatodinium McMinn 1992
Fm. †Deflandreaceae Eisenack 1954
+
G. †Abratopdinium Mao and Mohr 1992
G. †Kisselovia Vozzhennikova 1963
G. †Palaeocystodinium Alberti 1961
+
†Palaeocystodinium australinum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Palaeocystodinium granulatum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Palaeocystodinium microgranulatum Jain and Millepied 1971
†Palaeocystodinium punctatum Jain and Millepied 1971
†Palaeocystodinium rhomboides Lentin and Williams 1973
G. †Spinidinium Cookson and Eisenack 1962
+
†Spinidinium boydii Morgan 1975
†Spinidinium echinoideum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Spinidinium lanterna Cookson and Eisenack 1970
†Spinidinium macmurdoense Lentin and Williams 1976
†Spinidinium styloniferum Cookson and Eisenack 1962
G. †Herendeenia Wiggins 1969
+
†Herendeenia postprojecta Stover and Helby 1987
G. †Laciniadinium McIntyre 1975
+
G. Multispinula Bradford 1975
G. †Noricysta Bujak and Fisher 1976
G. †Octodinium Wrenn and Hart 1988
G. Pentapharsodinium Indelicato and Loeblich 1986
Fm. †Peridiniaceae Ehrenberg 1832
+
G. Alterbia Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Alterbidinium Lentin and Williams 1985
+
†Alterbidinium acutulum Lentin and Williams 1985
†Alterbidinium minus Lentin and Williams 1985
†Alterbidinium varium Kirsch 1991
G. †Andalusiella Riegel 1974
+
†Andalusiella gabonensis Wrenn and Hart 1988
†Andalusiella ivoirensis Masure 1996
†Andalusiella mauthei Riegel 1974
+
†Andalusiella rhomboides Lentin and Williams 1980
†Andalusiella spinosa Guler et al. 2005
G. †Ascodinium Cookson and Eisenack 1960
+
†Ascodinium acrophorum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
†Ascodinium ovale Cookson and Eisenack 1970
†Ascodinium scabrosum Cookson and Hughes 1964
†Ascodinium serratum Cookson and Eisenack 1960
G. †Astrocysta Davey 1970
+
†Astrocysta cretacea Davey 1970
Invalid names: Palaeoperidinium Deflandre 1934 [synonym]
G. Brigantedinium Reid 1977
G. †Cepadinium Duxbury 1983
+
†Cepadinium ventriosum Lentin and Williams 1989
G. †Cerodinium Vozzhennikova 1963
+
†Cerodinium albertii Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium diebelii Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium granulostriatum Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium leptodermum Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium medcalfi Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium obliquipes Deflandre and Cookson 1955
†Cerodinium striatum Lentin and Williams 1987
†Cerodinium subquadrum Corradini 1973
G. †Charlesdowniea Lentin and Vozzhennikova 1989
G. †Chatangiella Vozzhennikova 1967
+
†Chatangiella campbellensis Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella madura Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella multispinosa Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella packhamii Marshall 1990
†Chatangiella serratula Lentin and Williams 1976
†Chatangiella tripartita Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Craspedodinium Cookson and Eisenak 1974
G. †Deflandrea Eisenack 1938
+
†Deflandrea acuminata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea antarctica Wilson 1967
†Deflandrea cincta Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea galeata Lejeune-Carpentier 1942
†Deflandrea granulata Menéndez 1965
†Deflandrea korojonensis Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea minor Alberti 1959
†Deflandrea parva Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea pellucida Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Deflandrea phosphoritica Eisenack 1938
†Deflandrea serratula Cookson and Eisenack 1958
Invalid names: Senegalinium Jain and Millepied 1973 [synonym]
G. †Dioxya Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Dioxya armata Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Dioxya villosa Cookson and Eisenak 1958
G. †Epelidosphaeridia Davey 1969
G. †Eucladinium Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Eucladinium gambangense Stover and Evitt 1978
†Eucladinium madurense Stover and Evitt 1978
†Eucladinium spinosissimum Stover and Evitt 1978
G. †Geiselodinium Krutzsch 1962
+
†Geiselodinium geiseltalense Krutzsch 1962
†Geiselodinium psilatum Jain and Millepied 1971
G. Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836
G. †Heibergella Bujak and Fisher 1976
G. †Hexagonifera Cookson and Eisenack 1961
+
†Hexagonifera chlamydata Cookson and Eisenak 1962
†Hexagonifera glabra Cookson and Eisenack 1961
G. †Holmwoodinium Batten 1985
+
†Holmwoodinium notatum Batten 1985
G. †Isabelidinium Lentin and Williams 1977
+
†Isabelidinium acuminatum Stover and Evitt 1978
†Isabelidinium amphiatum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium bakeri Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium belfastense Lentin and Williams 1976
†Isabelidinium cooksoniae Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium cretaceum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium glabrum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium korojonense Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium microarmum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium papillum Sumner 1992
†Isabelidinium pellucidum Lentin and Williams 1977
†Isabelidinium ponticum Marshall 1988
†Isabelidinium thomasii Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Leberidocysta Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Leberidocysta chlamydata Stover and Evitt 1978
†Leberidocysta defloccata Davey and Verdier 1973
G. Lentinia Bujak et al. 1980
G. †Maduradinium Cookson and Eisenak 1970
G. †Manumiella Bujak and Davies 1983
+
†Manumiella bertodano Thorn 2009
†Manumiella complex Marenssi et al. 2004
†Manumiella conorata Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella cretacea Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella druggii Stover 1974
†Manumiella lata Bujak and Davies 1983
†Manumiella seelandica Bujak and Davies 1983
G. †Muiriella Churchill and Sarjeant 1962
+
†Muiriella plioplax Churchill and Sarjeant 1962
G. †Obliquipithonella Keupp and Mutterlose 1984
G. †Orthopithonella Keupp and Mutterlose 1984
G. †Palaeohystrichophora Deflandre 1935
+
†Palaeohystrichophora dispersa Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Palaeohystrichophora isodiametrica Cookson and Eisenack 1958
†Palaeohystrichophora pellifera Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. †Peridinium Ehrenberg 1830
+
†Peridinium limbatum Lemmermann 1899
G. Phthanoperidinium Drugg and Loeblich 1967
G. †Pierceites Habib and Drugg 1987
+
†Pierceites pentagonus Habib and Drugg 1987
G. †Pithonella Lorenz 1902
G. †Pyxidiella Cookson and Eisenack 1958
+
†Pyxidiella pandora Cookson and Eisenack 1958
G. Quinquecuspis Harland 1977
G. †Satyrodinium Lentin and Manum 1986
G. †Subtilisphaera Jain and Millepied 1971
+
†Subtilisphaera cheit Below 1981
†Subtilisphaera crassiangulosa Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera deformans Stover and Evitt 1978
†Subtilisphaera perlucida Jain and Millepied 1973
†Subtilisphaera pirnaensis Alberti 1959
†Subtilisphaera rotundata Jain and Millepied 1973
†Subtilisphaera scabrata Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera senegalensis Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera ventriosa Jain and Millepied 1971
†Subtilisphaera zawia Below 1981
G. †Talimudinium Mao and Norris 1988
G. Trinovantedinium Reid 1977
G. †Trithyrodinium Drugg
+
†Trithyrodinium druggii Stone 1973
†Trithyrodinium vermiculatum Lentin and Williams 1976
†Trithyrodinium verrucosum Heisecke 1970
G. Votadinium Reid 1977
G. Vozzhennikovia Lentin and Williams 1976
+
†Vozzhennikovia angulata Wilson 1988
†Vozzhennikovia apertura Lentin and Williams 1976
†Vozzhennikovia villosa Eisenack and Cookson 1960
G. Wilsonidium Lentin and Williams 1976
Invalid names: Deflandreoideae Bujak and Davies 1983 [empty]
Fm. Protoperidiniaceae Bujak and Davies 1983
+
G. †Capillicysta Matsuoka et al. 1987
G. †Cristadinium Head et al. 1989
G. †Dissodium Abé 1941
G. †Erymnodinium Lentin et al. 1994
G. Islandinium Head et al. 2001
G. †Leipokatium Bradford 1975
G. †Lejeunecysta Artzner and Dörhöfer 1978
+
†Lejeunecysta cinctoria Lentin and Williams 1981
†Lejeunecysta communis Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Lejeunecysta globosa Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Lejeunecysta pulchra Biffi and Grignani 1983
G. †Malvinia Houben et al. 2011
+
†Malvinia escutiana Houben et al. 2011
G. †Phelodinium Stover and Evitt 1978
+
†Phelodinium africanum Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Phelodinium kozlowskii Lindgren 1984
†Phelodinium magnificum Stover and Evitt 1978
†Phelodinium nigericum Biffi and Grignani 1983
†Phelodinium tricuspe Wetzel 1933
G. Protoperidinium Bergh 1881
G. Selenopemphix Benedek 1972
+
†Selenopemphix crenata Matsuoka and Bujak 1988
†Selenopemphix dionaeacysta Head et al. 1989
†Selenopemphix nephroides Benedek 1972
†Selenopemphix warriensis Biffi and Grignani 1983
G. †Stelladinium Bradford 1975
G. †Sumatradinium Lentin and Williams 1976
G. †Xandarodinium Reid 1977
G. Zygabikodinium Loeblich 1970
G. Rhabdothorax Kamptner 1958
G. †Shublikodinium Wiggins 1973
G. †Stoveracysta Clowes 1985
G. †Susadinium Dorhofer and Davies 1980
G. †Tectatodinium Wall 1967
+
†Tectatodinium rugulatum McMinn 1988
G. †Tuberculodinium Wall 1967
+
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Leonardian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 286.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 254.14 Ma

Collections (367 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Leonardian - Zechstein286.0 - 254.14Canada (Alberta) Palaeoperidinium sp. (31477)
Griesbachian - Anisian251.902 - 242.0Canada (Alberta) Palaeoperidinium sp. (31478)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1China (Xizang) Subtilisphaera sp. (61451)
Neocomian - Barremian145.0 - 125.0Sudan (South Kurdufan) Holmwoodinium notatum (172850 172852 172853 172857 172858 172859 172866)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5India (Tamil Nadu) Palaeoperidinium sp. (224609)
Valanginian - Barremian139.8 - 125.0Chile (Doceava Región) Isabelidinium sp. (150021)
Hauterivian - Barremian132.9 - 125.0United Kingdom (England) Subtilisphaera terrula (32364)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Egypt (El Wadi El Gadid) Subtilisphaera perlucida (139497 139499)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Sudan (South Kurdufan) Holmwoodinium notatum (172838)
Barremian - Albian129.4 - 100.5Israel (Southern Coastal Plain) Deflandrea sp. (144154)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi) Subtilisphaera sp. (142265 142267 142268 142269)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Sudan (South Kurdufan) Holmwoodinium notatum (145159 145161)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Sergipe) Subtilisphaera senegalensis (169846 169847 169848 169850)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Subtilisphaera perlucida (150999)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Brazil (Sergipe) Palaeoperidinium cretaceum, Subtilisphaera senegalensis (169764 169767 169782) Subtilisphaera senegalensis (169691 169694 169695 169700 169701 169702 169703 169704 169705 169706 169709 169710 169712 169713 169714 169716 169717 169719 169720 169721 169723 169725 169726 169728 169729 169730 169731 169732 169733 169734 169735 169736 169737 169739 169740 169741 169742 169743 169744 169745 169746 169748 169749 169750 169751 169753 169754 169755 169756 169757 169758 169759 169760 169761 169762 169763 169765 169766 169768 169769 169770 169771 169773 169774 169775 169776 169777 169778 169779 169781 169784 169785 169788 169790 169791 169793 169799 169801 169806 169807 169809 169812)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Antarctica Herendeenia postprojecta (150204)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Antarctica Palaeoperidinium cretaceum (153431 153432)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi) Subtilisphaera sp. (142243 142247 142249 142250 142251 142255 142256 142258 142261 142262)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Antarctica Ascodinium acrophorum (153422) Ascodinium acrophorum, Ascodinium serratum (153421) Ascodinium ovale (153423)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Sudan (Sotuh Kurdufan) Holmwoodinium notatum (145152)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Nigeria (Maiduguri) Senegalinium sp., Senegalinium bicavatum (139254 139255 139256 139257 139258 139259 139260 139263 139265 139266 139267 139268 139269 139271 139272 139273 139275 139277 139278 139279 139280)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6Antarctica Ascodinium acrophorum (153430)
Late/Upper Albian - Late/Upper Turonian105.3 - 89.3Antarctica Isabelidinium glabrum, Leberidocysta chlamydata, Trithyrodinium vermiculatum, Ascodinium acrophorum, Ascodinium serratum, Dioxya armata, Isabelidinium acuminatum, Laciniadinium tenuistriatum (150206)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Antarctica Ascodinium ovale (153428) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Spinidinium lanterna (153426)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0India (Meghalaya) Ascodinium scabrosum (224615)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (north Western Desert) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (140422)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi) Subtilisphaera sp. (142230 142233 142236 142237 142239 142241 142242)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Subtilisphaera spp., Subtilisphaera perlucida (144979 145096 145097 145098 145099 145100 145101 145102 145103 145104 145105 145106 145107 145108)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Subtilisphaera spp. (145109 145110 145111 145112 145113 145114 145115 145116 145117 145118 145119 145120 145121 145122 145123 145124 145125)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (north Western Desert) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (140407)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Oman Pithonella ovalis, Pithonella spherica (82360)
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian93.5 - 85.8Antarctica Isabelidinium sp., Trithyrodinium sp.1, Trithyrodinium vermiculatum, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (169324) Isabelidinium sp., Trithyrodinium vermiculatum, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (169325) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (169326)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Antarctica Isabelidinium glabrum (150208)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Spain Pithonella sp. (79728)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Egypt (north Western Desert) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (140379)
Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian89.8 - 83.5Antarctica Palaeohystrichophora infusoriodes (169327 169328) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (169352) Trithyrodinium sp.2, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (169329 169330 169337 169338 169339 169340 169341 169342 169343 169344 169346 169348 169349 169351) Trithyrodinium sp.2, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Spinidinium balmei (169331 169332 169334 169335)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Antarctica Isabelidinium belfastense (83338)
Santonian - Campanian86.3 - 72.1Antarctica Lejeunecysta sp., Isabelidinium spp., Manumiella cretacea, Isabelidinium cooksoniae, Isabelidinium microarmum, Trithyrodinium vermiculaturn, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Trithyrodinium suspectum, Alterbidinium minus, Chatangiella multispinosa, Chatangiella serratula, Chatangiella tripartita, Eucladinium madurense, Eucladinium spinosissimum, Hexagonifera glabra, Isabelidinium belfastense, Isabelidinium thomasii, Manumiella lata, Palaeocystodinium rhomboides, Spinidinium spp., Spinidinium lanterna, Subtilisphaera ventriosa, Maduradinium pentagonum, Maduradinium sp. I (150509) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (169354)
Santonian - Campanian86.3 - 72.1Slovakia Pithonella ovalis, Pithonella multicava (88191 88271)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Northwest Territories) Chatangiella ditissima, Chatangiella granulifera, Chatangiella hexacalpis, Chatangiella spectabilis, Isabelidinium acuminatum, Laciniadinium arcticum, Alterbidinium minus, Spinidinium clavus (36384)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Nunavut) Chatangiella ditissima, Chatangiella granulifera, Chatangiella spectabilis, Isabelidinium cooksoniae, Isabelidinium acuminatum, Laciniadinium arcticum, Laciniadinium williamsi, Trithyrodinium suspectum, Spinidinium uncinatum (36383)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Antarctica Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum (83353) Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium belfastense (83352) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Spinidinium lanterna (153425)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Antarctica Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium magnificum (150962) Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum (150970) Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium kozlowskii (150975) Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Phelodinium kozlowskii (150964) Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium kozlowskii, Phelodinium magnificum (150960) Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Isabelidinium papillum, Phelodinium kozlowskii, Phelodinium magnificum (150961) Isabelidinium cretaceum, Chatangiella serratula, Chatangiella tripartita, Manumiella lata, Spinidinium echinoideum (153427) Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum (150963) Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium kozlowskii (150969) Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium magnificum (150965) Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium kozlowskii, Phelodinium magnificum (150959) Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum (150971) Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum (150972) Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium kozlowskii (150968) Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium magnificum (150966 150967) Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum (150973) Isabelidinium sp., Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Isabelidinium papillum, Isabelidinium ponticum, Phelodinium kozlowskii (150974)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Slovakia Pithonella ovalis (88186)
Haumurian83.6 - 66.0New Zealand (South Island) Palaeocystodinium granulatum, Chatangiella campbellensis (104692)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Manitoba) Chatangiella decorosa, Chatangiella ditissima, Chatangiella granulifera, Isabelidinium cooksoniae, Isabelidinium acuminatum, Laciniadinium arcticum, Laciniadinium biconiculum, Spinidinium clavus (36446)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Argentina (Santa Cruz) Alterbidinium acutulum, Isabelidinium spp., Chatangiella spp. (191793 191795) Isabelidinium spp. (191781 191785 191792 191794 191796 191817) Isabelidinium spp., Chatangiella spp. (191786 191787 191788) Isabelidinium spp., Spinidinium spp. (191789) Palaeocystodinium sp., Spinidinium spp. (191816) Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides (191807) Spinidinium spp. (191790 191791)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Colombia (Boyocá) Andalusiella polymorpha (235310)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Antarctica Lejeunecysta spp., Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp. A, Isabelidinium sp. B, Manumiella druggii, Palaeocystodinium spp., Cerodinium albertii, Cerodinium striatum, Chatangiella spp., Deflandrea spp., Isabelidinium amphiatum, Isabelidinium bakeri, Isabelidinium cooksoniae, Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium glabrum, Isabelidinium korojonense, Isabelidinium microarmum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Leberidocysta chlamyduta, Phelodinium exilicornutum, Trithyrodinium spp., Trithyrodinium vermiculatum, Vozzhennikovia sp. (150182)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Isabelidinium cooksoniae (31122)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Chatangiella biapertura, Laciniadinium firmum (36445)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Antarctica Isabelidinium korojonense, Isabelidinium pellucidum (150622) Isabelidinium korojonense, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Trithyrodinium vermiculatum (150627) Manumiella cretacea, Isabelidinium korojonense, Isabelidinium pellucidum (150624 150626) Manumiella cretacea, Isabelidinium pellucidum (150623)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Antarctica Isabelidinium bakeri, Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Palaeocystodinium granulatum, Chatangiella campbellensis (153424)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Neuquén) Trithyrodinium evittii (235468)
Maastrichtian - Paleocene72.1 - 56.0Antarctica (Seymour Island) Palaeoperidinium sp. (31363)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Antarctica Isabelidinium cretaceum, Isabelidinium pellucidum, Phelodinium exilicornutum, Manumiella seelandica (75458)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Alterbidinium acutulum, Andalusiella spinose, Palaeocystodinium sp. (232641) Alterbidinium acutulum, Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella complex, Palaeocystodinium lidiae, Palaeocystodinium pilosum (232643) Alterbidinium acutulum, Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella cretacea, Manumiella complex, Palaeocystodinium sp., Palaeocystodinium lidiae (232653) Alterbidinium acutulum, Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella cretacea, Manumiella druggii, Manumiella complex (232650) Alterbidinium acutulum, Cerodinium diebelii, Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella druggii, Manumiella complex, Palaeocystodinium sp. (232642) Alterbidinium acutulum, Cerodinium sp., Palaeocystodinium lidiae (232649) Cerodinium sp., Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella cretacea, Manumiella complex, Palaeocystodinium sp., Palaeocystodinium lidiae (232652) Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella cretacea, Manumiella complex, Palaeocystodinium lidiae (149981) Isabelidinium sp., Manumiella cretacea, Manumiella complex, Palaeocystodinium sp., Palaeocystodinium lidiae (232651) Manumiella complex (232647) Tectatodinium rugulatum (232648)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Deflandrea galeata (205799) Isabelidinium cooksoniae, Deflandrea galeata (205803)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Cerodinium diebelii, Cerodinium striatum (205797) Deflandrea galeata (205798)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Santa Cruz) Senegalinium sp. (172894)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Cerodinium sp., Palaeocystodinium sp., Trithyrodinium evittii, Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum, Lentinia sp. (172887) Peridinium limbatum (152264) Senegalinium spp., Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum, Deflandrea galeata (236767)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Neuquén) Trithyrodinium evittii (235469) Trithyrodinium evittii, Trithyrodinium suspectum (235472) Trithyrodinium verrucosum (234982 234983)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2Argentina (Chubut) Trithyrodinium verrucosum (234981)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Missouri) Andalusiella polymorpha, Deflandrea darmooria, Deflandrea diebelii, Palaeocystodinium australinum, Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum (232024) Chatangiella sp. (231941 231943) Chatangiella sp., Spinidinium densispinatum (231939 231940 231942 231944) Deflandrea darmooria, Palaeocystodinium australinum (231963) Deflandrea obscura, Deflandrea diebelii, Deflandrea magnifica, Spinidinium sp., Palaeocystodinium australinum, Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum (232056) Deflandrea obscura, Palaeocystodinium australinum (231965) Isabelidinium acuminata, Chatangiella spp., Deflandrea pannucea, Spinidinium vesitum (231960)
Danian - Oligocene66.0 - 23.03Argentina (Chubut) Senegalinium spp., Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum (236768)
Selandian - Thanetian61.6 - 56.0New Zealand Deflandrea foveolata, Palaeocystodinium golzowense (85839)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Antarctica (Seymour Island) Deflandrea fuegiensis, Deflandrea macmurdoensis, Spinidinium aperturum (31365)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Missouri) Isabelidinium acuminata, Chatangiella sp. (231931)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Ukraine Phthanoperidinium cornutum, Wilsonidium compactum (234816) Pyxidiella strobiculata, Phthanoperidinium distinctum, Wilsonidium compactum, Aireiana salicta (234817) Wilsonidium compactum, Aireiana salicta (234818)
Lutetian - Bartonian47.8 - 38.0Japan (Hyogo) Phthanoperidinium geminatum, Phthanoperidinium multispinum, Trinovantedinium boreale (102038)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Virginia) Tectatodinium pellitum, Palaeocystodinium golzowense, Deflandrea phosphoritica (107512)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Antarctica Deflandrea macmurdoensis, Spinidinium aperturum (31366)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Lejeunecysta cinctoria, Tectatodinium pellitum, Deflandrea heterophlycta, Deflandrea sp., Deflandrea phosphoritica, Phthanoperidinium amoenum, Phthanoperidinium comatum, Phthanoperidinium sp. (68021)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Brigantedinium sp. (151638) Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp. (151630 151633 151635 151636) Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp., Lejeunecysta pulchra, Selenopemphix nephroides (151629) Lejeunecysta spp. (151628 151637) Selenopemphix actinocoronata, Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp., Lejeunecysta pulchra (151632) Selenopemphix coronata, Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp. (144142) Selenopemphix coronata, Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp., Lejeunecysta pulchra (144141 151631 151634)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Argentina (Santa Cruz) Selenopemphix sp., Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta communis, Lejeunecysta globosa, Lejeunecysta pulchra, Selenopemphix crenata, Selenopemphix warriensis, Tuberculodinium vancampoae (142150 142151 142152 142154 142219)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97Argentina (Santa Cruz) Lejeunecysta sp. (142323)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark Lejeunecysta tenella, Lejeunecysta hyalina, Selenopemphix nephroides (234515) Phthanoperidinium comatum, Lentinia serrata (234518)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Azerbaijan Lejeunecysta sp., Phelodinium sp., Palaeocystodinium sp., Deflandrea spinulosa (116637)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Azerbaijan Selenopemphix sp., Tuberculodinium vancampoae, Tectatodinium sp., Deflandrea spinulosa, Erymnodinium sp., Sumatradinium sp. (116623) Tuberculodinium vancampoae (116633)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp., Selenopemphix nephroides, Sumatradinium sp. (144139) Brigantedinium sp., Lejeunecysta spp., Sumatradinium sp. (151625) Brigantedinium sp., Sumatradinium sp. (144140)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Azerbaijan Deflandrea sp., Stoveracysta sp. (116625)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (New south wales) Tuberculodinium vancampoae (168997)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.97 - 5.333Argentina (Chubut) Tuberculodinium vancampoae (144210)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Maryland) Tuberculodinium vancampoae, Tectatodinium pellitum, Palaeocystodinium golzowense, Sumatradinium druggii (55396)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Belgium (Antwerpen) Palaeocystodinium golzowense (66960)
Late/Upper Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene11.608 - 2.588Belgium (Campine Area) Selenopemphix armageddonensis, Selenopemphix brevispinosa, Selenopemphix dionaeacysta, Selenopemphix nephroides, Tectatodinium pellitum, Quinquecuspis concreta, Trinovantedinium ferugnomatum, Barssidinium pliocenicum (122028)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) Selenopemphix quanta, Tectatodinium pellitum, Trinovantedinium sp., Barssidinium pliocenium, Barssidinium graminosum (59003)
Ionian0.774 - 0.129Italy (Apulia) Pentapharsodinium dalei (157641)
Ionian (interglacial)0.774 - 0.129Italy (Apulia) Pentapharsodinium dalei (157640)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Quebec) Brigantedinium sp., Islandinium minutum (116551)