PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Protochonetes

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Strophochonetidae

Taxonomy

Protochonetes was named by Muir-Wood (1962). Its type is Protochonetes ludloviensis.

It was assigned to Chonetidae by Bassett and Cocks (1974); to Devonochonetinae by Jin and Chatterton (1997); to Strophomenida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Protochonetinae by Williams et al. (2000), Rubel (2011).

Species

P. elyensis, P. harricanensis, P. ludlovensis, P. ludloviensis (type species), P. minimus, P. piltenensis, P. striatellus

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. ceratoides, P. latus, P. novoscoticus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1962	Protochonetes Muir-Wood
1974	Protochonetes Bassett and Cocks
1997	Protochonetes Jin and Chatterton
2000	Protochonetes Williams et al. p. 377
2002	Protochonetes Sepkoski
2011	Protochonetes Rubel

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Strophomenida	Opik 1934
superfamily	Chonetoidea
family	Strophochonetidae	Muir-Wood 1962
subfamily	Protochonetinae	Racheboeuf 2000
genus	Protochonetes	Muir-Wood 1962

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Protochonetes Muir-Wood 1962

show all | hide all

†Protochonetes elyensis Sheehan 1982

†Protochonetes harricanensis Jin et al. 1993

†Protochonetes ludlovensis Muir-Wood 1962

†Protochonetes ludloviensis Muir-Wood 1962

†Protochonetes minimus Sowerby 1839

†Protochonetes piltenensis Rybnikova 1967

†Protochonetes striatellus Dalman 1828

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

1.0 to < 10g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

minorg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al. (2006).g

Created:

2009-06-06 12:56:49

Modified:

2009-06-06 14:56:49

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Jaani to the top of the Early/Lower Emsian or 433.50000 to 399.50000 Ma

Collections (247 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Llandovery	443.1 - 432.9	Bolivia	P. sp. (25084)
Llandovery	443.1 - 432.9	Canada (Québec)	P. sp. (24540)
Llandovery	443.1 - 432.9	Canada (Nova Scotia)	P. tenuistriatus (3064 3066 3136 3147 3159 3163 3164 3165 3167 3168 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3176 3178 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3191 3192 3193 3200 3206)
Llandovery - Wenlock	443.1 - 426.7	United Kingdom (England)	P. sp. (23089)
Llandovery - Wenlock	443.1 - 426.7	USA (Nevada)	P. sp. (24787)
Llandovery - Wenlock	443.1 - 426.7	Brazil	P. novoscoticus (25622)
Alexandrian - Niagaran	443.1 - 422.7	Canada (Québec)	P. sp. (25155)
Silurian	443.1 - 419.62	United Kingdom (England)	P. sp. (486)
Telychian	438.6 - 432.9	Canada (Quebec)	P. harricanensis (77343)
Telychian	438.6 - 432.9	Canada (New Brunswick)	P. sp. (68834)
Telychian - Wenlock	438.6 - 426.7	USA (Nevada)	P. elyensis (51557)
Jaani - Jaagarahu	433.5 - 428.6	Lithuania	P. minimus (192579)
Sheinwoodian	432.9 - 430.6	Norway	P. ludloviensis (14289 14312)
Sheinwoodian	432.9 - 430.6	Lithuania	P. minimus (192992)
Sheinwoodian	432.9 - 430.6	USA (Indiana)	P. sp. (26805)
Sheinwoodian - Homerian	432.9 - 426.7	Lithuania	P. minimus (192993)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	Australia (Australian Capital Territory)	P. minimus (25679)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	United Kingdom (England)	P. ceratoides (49642) P. minimus (79881) P. sp. (477 522)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	Ireland	P. ludloviensis (499 501)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	Australia (Victoria)	P. sp. (494)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	Sweden (Gotland)	P. minimus (192373)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	Canada (Nova Scotia)	P. sp. (24880)
Wenlock	432.9 - 426.7	Lithuania	P. minimus (13745 13746 195447 207295 207386)
Wenlock - Ludlow	432.9 - 422.7	Lithuania	P. minimus (13756)
Wenlock - Ludlow	432.9 - 422.7	Argentina	P. sp. (25060 25061 25062)
Jaagarahu	431.2 - 428.6	Lithuania	P. minimus (192559)
Whitwellian	430.6 - 429.6	Canada (Northwest Territories)	P. sp. (26042)
Homerian - Jaagarahu	430.6 - 428.6	Lithuania	P. minimus (192580)
Homerian	430.6 - 426.7	United Kingdom (Wales)	P. minimus (23287)
Homerian	430.6 - 426.7	Sweden (Gotland)	P. minimus (13528 13529)
Homerian	430.6 - 426.7	United Kingdom (England)	P. minimus (23291) P. sp. (23057 23218 23285 23286 23288 23289 23293)
Homerian	430.6 - 426.7	Lithuania	P. minimus (192613 192994 207376 207379 207381)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	United Kingdom (Wales)	P. ludloviensis (23169 23173)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Belarus	P. sp. (23662)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Australia (Australian Capital Territory)	P. minimus (25682 25683 25708)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Lithuania	P. minimus (192564 192995)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	United Kingdom (England)	P. ludloviensis (23210 23211 23213) P. ludloviensis, P. minimus (23181) P. minimus (480 23149 23178) P. sp. (529)
Gorstian	426.7 - 425.0	Ukraine	P. ludloviensis (23354 23375) P. striatellus (14143)
Paadla	426.7 - 423.0	Estonia	P. striatellus (13727 207255)
Paadla	426.7 - 423.0	Latvia	P. minimus, P. piltenensis (207252)
Paadla	426.7 - 423.0	Estonia (Saare)	P. piltenensis (193686) P. striatellus (192133 193713 193714 193715 193716 195603)
Gorstian - Ludfordian	426.7 - 422.7	Sweden (Gotland)	P. striatellus (13531)
Gorstian - Ludfordian	426.7 - 422.7	Ukraine	P. striatellus (14144)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	United Kingdom (Wales)	P. sp. (484)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	United Kingdom (England)	P. ludloviensis (478 479 49657 49658) P. sp. (481 482 523 533 535)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	Belarus	P. sp. (23658)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	Venezuela	P. sp. (25067)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	Ukraine	P. ludloviensis (23356) P. podolicus (23475)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	Estonia	P. striatellus (13735)
Ludlow	426.7 - 422.7	Lithuania	P. minimus (195446) P. stonishkensis (13765) P. striatellus (207403)
Ludlow - Pridoli	426.7 - 419.62	Estonia	P. piltenensis (13732 13736) P. stonishkensis, P. piltenensis (13733)
Ludlow - Pridoli	426.7 - 419.62	Spain	P. sp.O (13920)
Ludlow - Pridoli	426.7 - 419.62	Lithuania	P. piltenensis (13759 26291)
Ludlow - Pridoli	426.7 - 419.62	Ukraine	P. ludloviensis, P. striatellus (23427) P. striatellus (23358)
Ludfordian	425.0 - 422.7	Sweden (Gotland)	P. striatellus (13532 13533 13534)
Ludfordian	425.0 - 422.7	United Kingdom (England)	P. ludloviensis (8295 8296 8297 8298 8299 8300 8301 8302 8303 8304 8305 8306 8307 8308 8309 8310 8311 8312 8313 8314 8315 8316 8320 8321 8322 8323 8324 8325 23103 23106 23107 23109 23111 23185) P. minumus, P. ludloviensis (23184) P. sp. (26911)
Ludfordian	425.0 - 422.7	Ukraine (Podolia)	P. striatellus (229365)
Ludfordian	425.0 - 422.7	Ukraine	P. striatellus (14145)
Ludfordian - Pridoli	425.0 - 419.62	Ukraine	P. dniestrensis (14147)
Kuressaare	423.0 - 422.7	Estonia (Saare)	P. piltenensis (193717 193718 193719 193721)
Kuressaare	423.0 - 422.7	Russian Federation	P. stonishkensis (207250)
Kuressaare	423.0 - 422.7	Latvia	P. piltenensis (207253)
Kaugetuma - Kuressaare	422.7 - 422.7	Estonia (Saare)	P. piltenensis (193720)
Kaugetuma	422.7 - 421.6	Russian Federation	P. stonishkensis, P. piltenensis (207251)
Kaugetuma	422.7 - 421.6	Estonia (Saare)	P. piltenensis (193614 193722)
Kaugetuma	422.7 - 421.6	Latvia	P. piltenensis (207254)
Kaugetuma	422.7 - 421.6	Estonia	P. piltenensis (207257)
Elton	422.7 - 421.3	United Kingdom (Wales)	P. minimus (75051 75052)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	Canada (Nova Scotia)	P. sp. (14200)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	China (Jilin)	P. sp. (25759)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	Ukraine	P. dnestrensis (23359) P. dniestrensis (13873 14148 23440 23442) P. striatellus (23437)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	Belarus	P. dniestrensis (23650) P. sp. (23655 23672)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	Lithuania	P. piltenensis (13763 13764 192558 192998 207299 207334) P. sp. (207344) P. stonishkensis (13766 13767 13771) P. stonishkensis, P. piltenensis (192997 192999)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	United Kingdom (England)	P. sp. (26913)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	Poland	P. dniestrensis (13883) P. sp., P. ludloviensis (23040)
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	Spain (Guadalajara)	P. sp.O (13927)
Pridoli - Lochkovian	422.7 - 413.02	Australia (Victoria)	P. sp. (646)
Pridoli - Helderbergian	422.7 - 393.47	Canada (Nova Scotia)	P. sp. (24896)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	China (Jilin)	P. sp. (27748)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	Belarus	P. proliferus (23671)
Lochkovian	419.62 - 413.02	Canada (Quebec)	P. sp. (24796)
Pragian	413.02 - 410.62	Australia (Victoria)	P. cresswelli (25713)
Pragian - Emsian	413.02 - 393.47	Australia (Victoria)	P. australis (25715 25716 25717)
Early/Lower Emsian	410.62 - 399.5	Australia (Queensland)	P. sp. (39874 39875 39876 39877 39878 39879)
Early/Lower Emsian	410.62 - 399.5	Russian Federation	P. sp. (35710)
Early/Lower Emsian	410.62 - 399.5	China (Guangxi)	P. sp. (25729 25730 25833)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	China (Guangxi)	P. sp. (65074)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	Australia (New South Wales)	P. culleni (35557 39890) P. latus (39884 39886 39888)
Emsian	410.62 - 393.47	Australia (Queensland)	P. sp. (39880)