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Rhynchonella
Taxonomy
Rhynchonella was named by Fischer (1809) [Sepkoski's age data: J Hett K Vala Sepkoski's reference number: 1091]. Its type is Rhynchonella ferquensis. It is the type genus of Rhynchonellinae.
It was assigned to Rhynchonellidae by Stanton (1895); to Rhynchonellida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Rhynchonellinae by Perry and Chatterton (1979) and Williams et al. (2002).
It was assigned to Rhynchonellidae by Stanton (1895); to Rhynchonellida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Rhynchonellinae by Perry and Chatterton (1979) and Williams et al. (2002).
Species
R. (Stegerhynchus), R. acanthica, R. acuminata, R. acutiloba (syn. R. trigeri, R. ornithopsis), R. adrianensis, R. alontina, R. arcula, R. arthaberi, R. bajociana, R. baugasii, R. bidens, R. blackwelderi, R. bukowskii, R. cannabinaeformis, R. carapezzae, R. carinthiaca, R. castanea, R. chanum, R. cimbrica, R. clesiana, R. concentrostriata, R. corradii, R. cotilloni, R. curviceps, R. cynodon, R. decipiens, R. delecta, R. djeffarae, R. duplicata, R. durangensis, R. edwardsi, R. eskiordensis, R. etalloni, R. eurekensis, R. farciens, R. fascilla, R. ferquensis (type species), R. fuchsii, R. fugiens, R. funiculata, R. girvaniensis, R. glossoides, R. granulum (syn. R. trilatera), R. hemicostata, R. hofmanni, R. horsfordi, R. illyrica, R. infirma, R. inflata, R. jukesi, R. kaminskii, R. kirchhoferi, R. kochigataniensis, R. krotovi, R. lacuna, R. laczkoi, R. langleti, R. laurinea, R. limbata, R. lingulata, R. linguligera, R. liostraca (syn. R. bilobata), R. loxia, R. loxiae, R. maudensis, R. mefaensis, R. minuta, R. miquihuanensis, R. misella, R. nakajimensis, R. nauniae, R. negrii, R. niobe, R. nitidula, R. obesula, R. obtusifrons, R. ordinaria, R. ottomana, R. parkhillensis, R. pastrovicchiana, R. patarena, R. paucicosta, R. pauciplicata, R. phaseolina, R. pichleri, R. pinguis, R. pironiana, R. pretiosa, R. pseudoazaisi, R. pseudopleurodon, R. psitacea, R. pupula, R. pyrenaei, R. repentina, R. richardsoni, R. rivelensis, R. rochei, R. rouillieri, R. royeri, R. salinasi, R. scalpellum, R. semiplecta (syn. Terebratula haueri, Terebratula joannisaustriae, Terebratula triangulata, Terebratula triplecta), R. solitaria, R. sosiensis, R. speetonensis, R. steinbesi, R. subacuta, R. subangulifrons, R. subdecussata, R. subregilla, R. subrimkinensis, R. subrimosa, R. subvariabilis, R. tazerdunensis, R. tenuistriata, R. timorensis, R. tooica, R. transversa, R. tremensis, R. tricostata, R. trilobata, R. triquetra, R. tscharkensis, R. varians, R. vicaria, R. vorobievensis, R. wasatchensis, R. whiteana, R. withei
Species lacking formal opinion data
R. antidichotoma, R. apicalis, R. bajuvarica, R. bischofi, R. budulcaensis, R. cannabina, R. capilata, R. capitula, R. concordiae, R. griffitica, R. lineata, R. macfadyeni, R. manflasensis, R. minor, R. nobilis, R. parvirostra, R. pecten, R. pirum, R. pusillula, R. rothpletzi, R. selliformis, R. spectabilis, R. spreta, R. sublaevata, R. sublevata, R. subsimilis, R. sulcata
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1809 | Rhynchonella Fischer |
| 1895 | Rhynchonella Stanton p. 31 |
| 1979 | Rhynchonella Perry and Chatterton p. 310 |
| 2002 | Rhynchonella Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Rhynchonella Williams et al. p. 1280 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Rhynchonella Fischer 1809
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Subg. †Rhynchonella (Stegerhynchus) Foerste 1909
†Rhynchonella acanthica Parona 1884
†Rhynchonella acuminata Martin 1809
†Rhynchonella acutiloba Deslongchamps 1856
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Invalid names: Rhynchonella ornithopsis Rollier 1917 [synonym], Rhynchonella trigeri Rollier 1917 [synonym]
†Rhynchonella adrianensis Gemmellaro 1899
†Rhynchonella alontina Di Stefano 1884
†Rhynchonella arcula Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella arthaberi Simionescu 1899
†Rhynchonella bajociana d'Orbigny 1850
†Rhynchonella baugasii d'Orbigny 1847
†Rhynchonella bidens Hall 1852
†Rhynchonella blackwelderi Smith 1927
†Rhynchonella bukowskii Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella cannabinaeformis Krumbeck 1924
†Rhynchonella carapezzae Gemmellaro 1899
†Rhynchonella carinthiaca Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella castanea Meek 1868
†Rhynchonella chanum Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella cimbrica Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella clesiana Lepsius 1878
†Rhynchonella concentrostriata Makridin 1964
†Rhynchonella corradii Parona 1882
†Rhynchonella cotilloni Sandy 1986
†Rhynchonella curviceps Quenstedt 1852
†Rhynchonella cynodon Laube 1865
†Rhynchonella decipiens d'Orbigny 1850
†Rhynchonella delecta Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella djeffarae Dubar 1967
†Rhynchonella duplicata Rouillier and Vosinsky 1849
†Rhynchonella durangensis Imlay 1940
†Rhynchonella edwardsi Chapuis and Dewalque 1853
†Rhynchonella eskiordensis Moisseiev 1932
†Rhynchonella etalloni Oppel 1863
†Rhynchonella eurekensis Walcott 1884
†Rhynchonella farciens Canavari 1880
†Rhynchonella fascilla Rothpletz 1886
†Rhynchonella ferquensis Gosselet 1887
†Rhynchonella fuchsii Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella fugiens de Gregorio 1930
†Rhynchonella funiculata Deslongchamps 1856
†Rhynchonella girvaniensis Davidson 1883
†Rhynchonella glossoides Kittl 1903
†Rhynchonella hemicostata Parona 1896
†Rhynchonella hofmanni Bockh 1874
†Rhynchonella horsfordi Hall 1860
†Rhynchonella illyrica Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella infirma Rothpletz 1886
†Rhynchonella inflata Jaboli 1959
†Rhynchonella jukesi McCoy 1847
†Rhynchonella kaminskii Uhlig 1878
†Rhynchonella kirchhoferi Haas and Petri 1881
†Rhynchonella kochigataniensis Tokuyama 1957
†Rhynchonella krotovi Tschernyschew 1902
†Rhynchonella lacuna Quenstedt 1871
†Rhynchonella laczkoi Bittner 1912
†Rhynchonella langleti Chapuis and Dewalque 1853
†Rhynchonella laurinea Bittner 1892
†Rhynchonella limbata Schlotheim 1813
†Rhynchonella lingulata Gabb 1864
†Rhynchonella linguligera Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella loxia Fischer von Waldheim 1809
†Rhynchonella loxiae Fischer von Waldheim 1809
†Rhynchonella maudensis Whiteaves 1884
†Rhynchonella mefaensis Krumbeck 1923
†Rhynchonella minuta Buvignier 1843
†Rhynchonella miquihuanensis Imlay 1937
†Rhynchonella misella Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella nakajimensis Ichikawa 1949
†Rhynchonella nauniae Finkelstein 1889
†Rhynchonella negrii Gemmellaro 1899
†Rhynchonella niobe Chapuis and Dewalque 1851
†Rhynchonella nitidula Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella obesula Whiteaves 1876
†Rhynchonella obtusifrons Suess 1854
†Rhynchonella ordinaria Childs 1969
†Rhynchonella ottomana Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella parkhillensis Owen and Thurrell 1968
†Rhynchonella pastrovicchiana Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella patarena Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella paucicosta Kitchin 1910
†Rhynchonella pauciplicata Kitchin 1900
†Rhynchonella phaseolina Deslongchamps 1855
†Rhynchonella pichleri Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella pinguis Roemer 1836
†Rhynchonella pironiana Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella pretiosa Boeckh 1872
†Rhynchonella pseudoazaisi Dubar 1967
†Rhynchonella pseudopleurodon Mansuy 1920
Rhynchonella psitacea Gmelin 1790
†Rhynchonella pupula Bittner 1890
†Rhynchonella pyrenaei Childs 1969
†Rhynchonella repentina Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella richardsoni Smith 1927
†Rhynchonella rivelensis Loriol 1904
†Rhynchonella rochei Lieb 1945
†Rhynchonella rouillieri Eichwald 1865
†Rhynchonella royeri d'Orbigny 1850
†Rhynchonella salinasi Gemmellaro 1899
†Rhynchonella scalpellum Quenstedt 1852
†Rhynchonella semiplecta Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Terebratula haueri Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Terebratula joannisaustriae Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Terebratula triangulata Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Terebratula triplecta Cornalia 1847 [synonym]
†Rhynchonella solitaria Hyatt 1892
†Rhynchonella sosiensis Gemmellaro 1899
†Rhynchonella speetonensis Davidson 1874
†Rhynchonella steinbesi Quenstedt 1847
†Rhynchonella subacuta Münster 1841
†Rhynchonella subangulifrons Krumbeck 1924
†Rhynchonella subdecussata Munster 1869
†Rhynchonella subregilla Krumbeck 1924
†Rhynchonella subrimkinensis Krumbeck 1924
†Rhynchonella subrimosa Schafhautl 1851
†Rhynchonella subvariabilis Davidson 1852
†Rhynchonella tazerdunensis Dubar 1967
†Rhynchonella tenuistriata Nettelroth 1889
†Rhynchonella timorensis Krumbeck 1924
†Rhynchonella tooica Krumbeck 1923
†Rhynchonella transversa Hall 1859
†Rhynchonella tremensis Gillieron 1873
†Rhynchonella tricostata Münster 1890
†Rhynchonella trilobata Ooster 1870
†Rhynchonella triquetra Gemmellaro 1874
†Rhynchonella tscharkensis Arthaber 1915
†Rhynchonella varians Schlotheim 1820
†Rhynchonella vicaria Bittner 1902
†Rhynchonella vorobievensis Nikitin 1877
†Rhynchonella wasatchensis White 1874
†Rhynchonella whiteana Anderson 1902
†Rhynchonella withei Gemmellaro 1899
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| height | 5 | 14.6 | 11.0 | 19.0 | 15.0 | 3.68 | |
| shell height | 138 | 7.32 | 1.20 | 19.0 | 7.50 | 3.54 |
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| Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy 2009, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aeronian to the top of the Danian or 440.80000 to 61.60000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 438.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 438.5 Ma
Collections (517 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Llandovery | Canada (Ontario) | R. sp. (444 446) | |
| Llandovery | USA (Illinois) | R. sp. (13853) | |
| Llandovery | USA (New York) | R. bidens (77052 77054) R. sp. (443 445 450 451 452 463) | |
| Aeronian | USA (New York) | R. bidens (81841) | |
| Telychian | USA (New York) | R. bidens (77053 81878 82554 83097) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Norway | R. sp. (14307) | |
| Wenlock | USA (New York) | R. sp. (472 541) | |
| Pridoli | USA (New York) | R. sp. (517) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Para) | R. sp. (37138) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Italy | R. bischofi, R. canovatensis, R. transversa (26253) R. bischofi, R. transversa (26257) | |
| Eifelian | Brazil (Para) | R. sp. (37137) | |
| Middle Devonian | USA (Alaska) | R. sp. (111862 111947 111949) | |
| Givetian | Brazil (Para) | Rhynchonella indet. (37173) R. sp. (37175) | |
| Givetian | USA (Indiana) | R. tenuistriata (170009) | |
| Tournaisian | India | R. sp. (230642 230645) | |
| Chadian | United Kingdom (England) | R. carringtoniana (5971) | |
| Asbian - Brigantian | United Kingdom (England) | R. wettonensis (5986) | |
| Pennsylvanian - Cisuralian | USA (California) | R. sp. (214585) | |
| Asselian | USA (California) | R. sp. (121467) | |
| Asselian | Slovenia | R. sp., R. sosiensis (129658) | |