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Chaetognatha (arrow worm)

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1854Chaetognatha Leuckart
1998Chaetognatha Zrzavy et al.
2002Chaetognatha Sepkoski
2011Chaetognatha Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1
2012Chaetognatha Nielsen p. 304
2024Chaetognatha Park et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
RankNameAuthor
—Spiralia
—Chaetognathifera
phylumChaetognathaLeuckart 1854
phylumChaetognathaLeuckart 1854

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Ph. Chaetognatha Leuckart 1854 [arrow worm]
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Fm. †Amiskwidae Walcott 1911
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G. †Amiskwia Walcott 1911
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†Amiskwia sagittiformis Walcott 1911
G. †Eognathacantha Chen and Huang 2002
Fm. †Nectocarididae Conway Morris 1976
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G. †Nectocaris Conway Morris 1976
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†Nectocaris pteryx Conway Morris 1976
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Invalid names: Petalium latus Luo and Hu 1999 [synonym], Vetustovermis planus Glaessner 1979 [synonym]
Invalid names: Petalilium Luo and Hu 1999 [objective synonym], Vetustovermis Glaessner 1979 [synonym]
G. †Nectocotis Smith 2019
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†Nectocotis rusmithi Smith 2019
G. †Nektognathus Vinther et al. 2025
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†Nektognathus evasmithae Vinther et al. 2025
G. †Paucijaculum Schram 1973
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†Paucijaculum samamithion Schram 1973
Unr. †Protoconodonta Landing 1995
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G. †Amphigeisina Bengtson 1976
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†Amphigeisina danica Poulsen 1966
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Invalid names: Protohertzina yudomica Demidenko 2006 [synonym]
†Amphigeisina renae Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
G. †Gapparodus Abaimova 1978
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†Gapparodus bisulcatus Müller 1959
G. †Gumella Müller and Hinz 1991
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†Gumella cuneata Müller and Hinz 1991
G. †Hagionella Xie 1990
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†Hagionella cultrata Missarzhevsky 1977
Invalid names: Glyptites Duan and Xiao 1993 [synonym], Xinjiangodus Yue and Gao 1992 [synonym]
G. †Mongolodus Missarzhevsky 1977
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†Mongolodus maximi Gravestock et al. 2001
†Mongolodus sulcus Parkhaev and Demidenko 2010
Invalid names: Maldeotaia Singh and Shukla 1981 [synonym]
G. †Protohertzina Missarzhevsky 1973
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†Protohertzina anabarica Missarzhevsky 1973
†Protohertzina dabashanensis Yang and He 1984
†Protohertzina robusta Qian 1977
†Protohertzina siciformis Missarzhevsky 1973
†Protohertzina unguliformis Missarzhevsky 1973
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Invalid names: Emeidus primitivus Chen 1982 [synonym], Hastina bialata Yang and He 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Emeidus Chen 1982 [synonym], Hastina Yang and He 1984 [synonym]
Or. †Protoconodontida Landing 1995
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†Ganloudina longispina Yang and He 1984
†Ganloudina platybasala Yang and He 1984
G. †Glauderia Poulsen 1967
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†Glauderia multifidus Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
G. †Kijacus Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
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†Kijacus kijanicus Missarzhevsky 1966
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Invalid names: Leguminella He 1984 [synonym]
G. †Timorebestia Park et al. 2024
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†Timorebestia koprii Park et al. 2024
G. †Titerina
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Life habit: nektonicp
Diet: carnivorep
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Pelagic, fully motile fast, carnivore according to Bambach et al (2007).p
Created: 2009-09-21 12:30:49
Modified: 2009-09-21 14:31:01
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Jinnigian to the top of the Westphalian D or 538.80000 to 307.40000 Ma

Collections (184 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Jinnigian538.8 - 530.7China (Yunnan) Mongolodus longispina, Mongolodus rostriformis, Protohertzina anabarica (201533 201537) Mongolodus rostriformis (201527 201539) Mongolodus rostriformis, Protohertzina anabarica (201528 201534) Protohertzina anabarica (201524) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (201491) Protohertzina wangjiawanensis (106506)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Mongolia (Govi-Altay) Protohertzina anabarica (99556) Protohertzina sp., Protohertzina anabarica (99557) Protohertzina unguliformis (99555)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hubei) Protohertzina sp. (10499 97556)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Protohertzina anabarica (99483)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Sichuan) Paracanthodus variabilis, Protohertzina unguliformis (232841) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis, Ganloudina symmetrica (232842) Protohertzina sp. (8088)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Kazakhstan Protohertzina anabarica (99319 99358) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (99294 99295 99304)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Protohertzina anabarica (233192 233193)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Iran Protohertzina anabarica (10526) Protohertzina sp. (10522)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Sakha) Protohertzina anabarica (99228) Protohertzina ungulata (99461)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hunan) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina siciformis, Protohertzina unguliformis (97714)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Yunnan) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (96432) Protohertzina sp. (96322)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (50340 50414) Protohertzina ungullformis (50427) Protohertzina ungullformis, Protohertzina anabarica (50424 50425)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5India Protohertzina anabarica, Maldeotaia bandalica (99560)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Shaanxi) Paracanthodus variabilis, Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (86619) Protoconodontida indet. (86572 86573) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (86552 86554 86555 86556 86561 86562) Protohertzina unguliformis (86553 86557 86558 86560 86564 86566 86567 86568 86569 86570 86571 86620)
Nemakit-Daldynian - Tommotian538.8 - 521.0China (Hubei) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (155448 155462 155464 155466)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 506.5China (Shaanxi) Mongolodus longispina, Mongolodus platybasalis, Protohertzina unguliformis (86588) Mongolodus longispina, Protohertzina unguliformis (86592) Mongolodus platybasalis, Protohertzina unguliformis (86586 86587) Protohertzina unguliformis (86579 86580 86582 86583 86584 86585 86589 86590 86591) Protohertzina unguliformis, Protohertzina anabarica (86593)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 506.5China (Sichuan) Mongolodus longispinus, Protohertzina anabarica (86617)
Meishucunian - Nemakit-Daldynian530.7 - 525.5China (Yunnan) Protohertzina anabarica (96451) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina siciformis, Protohertzina unguliformis (96431 96433)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Guizhou) Protohertzina anabarica (106508 106516) Protohertzina sp., Protohertzina anabarica (106519)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Yunnan) Mongolodus rostriformis (201529)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Sichuan) Ganloudina symmetrica (108041) Hastina bialata, Ganloudina platybasala, Ganloudina longispina, Protohertzina dabashanensis, Hastina quadrigoniata (107389) Leguminella serrata (107390) Paracanthodus variabilis, Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina siciformis, Protohertzina unguliformis (108312)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Shaanxi) Protohertzina sp. (107774)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Zhejiang) Kijacus kijanicus (108039) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (108038)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Hubei) Protohertzina anabarica (107634 107635 107636 107665 107789) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina robusta (106524) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (155446 155468 155469 155471 155473) Protohertzina sp. (108414)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0China (Hubei) Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina unguliformis (155441 155442 155444)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0China (Yunnan) Protohertzina unguliformis, Mongolodus sulcus (171902)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0India Ganloudina sp., Protohertzina anabarica, Protohertzina siciformis (140175) Protohertzina siciformis, Protohertzina unguliformis (87099)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0United Kingdom (Warwickshire) Glauderia mirabilis (10252) Glauderia mirabilis, Amphigeisina danica (10253)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Kazakhstan Kijacus kijanicus (99298) Protohertzina siciformis (99296 99305 99321 99322 99352 99354 99360) Protohertzina siciformis, Kijacus kijanicus (99297)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Maldeotaia bandalica (87332) Protohertzina anabarica, Maldeotaia bandalica (87334)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Hagionella cultrata (174253)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Kyrgyzstan Amphigeisina renae (99328 99329)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Zhejiang) Protohertzina anabarica (96666)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Yunnan) Amiskwia sinica, Petalilium latus (68083) Petalium latus (96869) Vetustovermis planus (86929)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Kazakhstan Amphigeisina renae (99303 99316 99317) Amphigeisina renae, Glauderia multifidus (99301 99302) Amphigeisina renae, Hertzina bisulcata (99357) Amphigeisina renae, Kijacus kijanicus, Protohertzina cultrata (99299 99300) Glauderia multifidus (99332)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Greenland (Peary Land) Timorebestia koprii (90574)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Shaanxi) Hagionella cultrata, Amphigeisina danica (57691)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0United Kingdom (England) Amphigeisina danica (79933)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Gapparodus bisulcata, Protohertzina anabarica (9385)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Yunnan) Petalilium latus (132327 132330 194163)
Stage 3521.0 - 514.5Greenland (Peary Land) Nektognathus evasmithae (155087)
Stage 3521.0 - 514.5Australia (South Australia) Protohertzina sp. (275350)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1China (Yunnan) Petalilium latus (9628)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1Canada (Nova Scotia) Gapparodus bisulcata, Protohertzina anabarica (9391)
Branchian516.2 - 506.5United Kingdom (England) Amphigeisina danica (79931 79932 79939) Amphigeisina n. sp., Protohertzina sp. indet., Amphigeisina danica (79928) Gapparodus indet., Amphigeisina danica (79937) Protohertzina cultrata, Amphigeisina danica (79935)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Australia (South Australia) Mongolodus rostriformis, Protohertzina siciformis (97751) Vetustovermis planus (187498)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Kazakhstan Amphigeisina renae, Glauderia multifidus (99362)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Sweden Amphigeisina danica (87183 87184) Gapparodus bisulcata, Amphigeisina danica (87124)
Delamaran509.7 - 505.3Canada (British Columbia) Chaetognatha indet. A (84424 84426) Chaetognatha indet. A, Amiskwia sagittiformis (84428) Nectocaris pteryx (121962 121963 121964)
Amgan508.2 - 504.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Protoconodonta indet., Amphigeisina danica (110821 110822) Protoconodonta indet., Gumella cuneata, Hagionella cultrata, Gapparodus bisulcatus (110619) Protoconodonta indet., Hagionella cultrata, Amphigeisina danica, Gapparodus bisulcatus (110820)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Protoconodonta indet., Gumella cuneata, Hagionella cultrata, Amphigeisina danica (110824) Protoconodonta indet., Gumella cuneata, Hagionella cultrata, Amphigeisina danica, Gapparodus bisulcatus (49429 49430) Protoconodonta indet., Hagionella cultrata, Amphigeisina danica, Gapparodus bisulcatus (110823)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5Denmark (Bornholm) Gapparodus bisulcatus (50768 75944)
Guzhangian500.5 - 497.0China (Hunan) Gapparodus bisulcatus (49186 49188 49190)
Katian452.8 - 445.2USA (New York) Nectocotis rusmithi (340)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.4USA (Illinois) Paucijaculum samamithion (122493 151848)