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Protaster
Taxonomy
Protaster was named by Forbes (1849) [Sepkoski's age data: O Cara-m C Tour]. Its type is Protaster sedgwickii. It is the type genus of Protasteridae.
It was assigned to Oegophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Protasteridae by Schuchert (1915), Spencer (1934), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Haude and Thomas (1983), Hammann and Schmincke (1986), Dean Shackleton (2005), Blake et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Oegophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Protasteridae by Schuchert (1915), Spencer (1934), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Haude and Thomas (1983), Hammann and Schmincke (1986), Dean Shackleton (2005), Blake et al. (2016).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1849 | Protaster Forbes figs. pl. 4 fig. 1, 2 |
| 1903 | Bohemura Jaekel p. 111 |
| 1915 | Bohemura Schuchert p. 223 |
| 1915 | Protaster Schuchert pp. 224-226 figs. text-fig. 23 |
| 1930 | Urosoma Spencer |
| 1934 | Protaster Spencer pp. 456-457 |
| 1934 | Bohemura Spencer pp. 472-476 |
| 1965 | Protaster Owen p. 549 |
| 1965 | Bohemura Owen p. 550 |
| 1965 | Urosoma Owen p. 553 |
| 1966 | Bohemura Spencer and Wright p. U87 |
| 1966 | Protaster Spencer and Wright p. U87 |
| 1966 | Urosoma Spencer and Wright p. U87 |
| 1978 | Urosoma Harper and Morris p. 156 |
| 1983 | Protaster Haude and Thomas p. 124 |
| 1986 | Bohemura Hammann and Schmincke p. 61 |
| 1986 | Protaster Hammann and Schmincke p. 61 |
| 2002 | Bohemura Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Protaster Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Urosoma Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Protaster Dean Shackleton p. 88 |
| 2016 | Protaster Blake et al. p. 176 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Protaster Forbes 1849
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†Protaster bicatenulata Ruedemann 1916
†Protaster groomi Spencer and Groom 1934
†Protaster piltonensis Spencer 1934
†Protaster salteri Salter and Sowerby 1845
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Invalid names: Protaster groomi Sollas and Sollas 1912 [synonym]
†Protaster stellifer Ringueberg 1886
†Protaster ubaghsi Haude and Thomas 1983
Invalid names: Bohemura Jaekel 1903 [synonym], Urosoma Spencer 1930 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| W. Hammann and S. Schmincke 1986 (Bohemura) | Disc: plates stellate; marginals and spines small; madreporite stellate. Arms: whip-shaped; ambulacrals dorsally quadrate, ventrally stout, boot-shaped; laterals ear-shaped; broad with protruding oral edge; 6(?) slender grooved vertical spines; 6(?) groove spines. | |
| W. Hammann and S. Schmincke 1986 | Disc: plate rhomboidal; no marginals and spines; madreporite smooth. Arms: tips not preserved in type; ambulacrals dorsally quadrate, ventral stout, boot-shaped; laterals ear-shaped; groove and vertical spines not seen. | |
| J. Dean Shackleton 2005 | Conspicuous interradial disc, elongate gradually tapering arms, oral disc plate sub-polygonal, aboral plates with large epispire gaps (often in rows). Disc plates apparently ot spine beraing in type, although oral disc plates spine bearing in other species; overlain by granules. Rounded madreporite with single large channel, oral, interradial, in type contacting adambulacral paire with second recognisable arm ambulacral. Thickened marginal rim; marginal absent. Ambulacral ossicles alternate over the mid-line, perradial suture slightly zigzag aborally, straight orally. Aboral ambulacral quadrate, with relatively conspicuous ridg-bounded indentations presumably for longitudinal muscle insertion. Oral ambulacral surface with prominent boot-shape and distal facet for logitudinal ambulacral articulation; grooe crosses distal surface from podial region to perradius, circular hell depression on ambulacrals. Podial basin large, broader then long in proximal arm. Ambulacral ossicles sicke-shaped, with distal and proximal pads and conspicuous nose, reduce in size proximally. Groove spines present, articulating to oral adambulacral ridge. Stout mouth angle bearing row of lateral teeth. Strong aboral jaw 'v' formed by first and second jaw ossicles overrides distally adjacent ambulacrals slightly. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range: base of the Zahorany to the top of the Late/Upper Famennian or 459.30000 to 358.86000 Ma
Collections (13 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Darriwilian | France | P. sp. (216849) | |
| Zahorany - Late/Upper Ordovician | Czech Republic | Bohemura jahni (3865) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Ontario) | Taeniaster meafordensis (173368) | |
| Wenlock | Australia (Victoria) | Urosoma sp. (494) | |
| Wenlock | United Kingdom | P. sedgwickii (99378) | |
| Wenlock | USA (New York) | P. stellifer (12936 26854) | |
| Gorstian | Australia (Victoria) | Urosoma glabridiscus (8030 25711) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom | P. sedgwickii (99394) Urosoma hirudo (99392) | |
| Pragian | Australia (Victoria) | Urosoma sp. (647) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | P. ubaghsi (127755) |