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Cassidulus
Taxonomy
Cassidulus was named by Lamarck (1801) [Sepkoski's age data: K Maes-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 577]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Nucleolites (Cassidulus) by Forbes (1846).
It was assigned to Nucleolites by Forbes (1846); to Cassiduloida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cassidulidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Kew (1920), Grant and Hertlein (1938), Cooke (1942), Kier (1962), Kier (1966), Nisiyama (1968), Smith (2009).
It was reranked as Nucleolites (Cassidulus) by Forbes (1846).
It was assigned to Nucleolites by Forbes (1846); to Cassiduloida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cassidulidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Kew (1920), Grant and Hertlein (1938), Cooke (1942), Kier (1962), Kier (1966), Nisiyama (1968), Smith (2009).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1801 | Cassidulus Lamarck p. 348 |
| 1846 | Nucleolites (Cassidulus) Forbes p. 162 |
| 1915 | Cassidulus Clark and Twitchell p. 74 |
| 1920 | Cassidulus Kew p. 138 |
| 1938 | Cassidulus Grant and Hertlein p. 107 |
| 1942 | Cassidulus Cooke p. 30 |
| 1962 | Cassidulus Kier p. 174 |
| 1966 | Cassidulus Kier p. U514 |
| 1968 | Cassidulus Nisiyama p. 8 |
| 2002 | Cassidulus Sepkoski |
| 2009 | Cassidulus Smith pp. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/ec |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Cassidulus Lamarck 1801
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Subg. †Cassidulus (Galerolampas) Cotteau 1889
Subg. Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus) d'Orbigny 1856
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†Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus) californicus Anderson 1905
†Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus) depressus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus) evergladensis Mansfield 1932
†Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus) mexicanus Kew 1920
†Cassidulus (Rhynchopygus) ynezensis Kew 1920
†Rhynchopygus arumaensis Kier 1972
†Rhynchopygus lapiscancri Leske 1778
Rhynchopygus marmini Agassiz 1847
†Rhynchopygus peruvianus Brighton 1926
†Cassidulus abruptus Conrad 1860
†Cassidulus amygdala Desor 1858
†Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck 1801
†Cassidulus ellipticus Kew 1920
†Cassidulus gouldii Bouve 1846
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Invalid names: Cassidulus (Cassidulus) alabamensis Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
†Cassidulus mercedensis Anderson 1958
†Cassidulus rojasi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Cassidulus yoshiwarai Loriol 1902
†Nucleolites (Cassidulus) elatus Forbes 1846
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. B. Smith 2009 | Test small, low, elongate oval; broader posteriorly, base more or less flat; Apical system anterior; monobasal with four gonopores; Petals moderately developed, straight, the two poriferous zones of the same petal usually unequal in length; Ambulacra plates beyond petals single pored; Periproct supramarginal, subrounded, with short groove on subanal ledge extending from periproct to posterior margin; Peristome pentagonal, transverse, anterior, with vertical-walled entrance; Bourrelets confined to vertical sides of peristome, basicoronal plates short, very slightly inflated at outer edge; Phyllodes single pored, with slight crowding of pores, one or two occluded pores in some ambulacra but for the most part forming a single series widening slightly towards the peristome; Three or four sphaeridial pits perradially in phyllodes and partially enclosed; Buccal pores present; Adorally tubercles much larger, scrobicules often polygonal, with bosses eccentric anteriorly; adorally, naked, pitted area in interambulacrum 5, ambulacrum III |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 83.60000 to 0.77400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma
Collections (47 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Campanian | Saudi Arabia | Rhynchopygus arumaensis (195511) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Spain (Cataluña) | Rhynchopygus sp. (67004) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium (Liege) | Rhynchopygus marmini (32157) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands (Limburg) | Rhynchopygus marmini (32167) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands | Rhynchopygus marmini (32161) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (California) | C. mercedensis (185457 185494 185622 185628 185632 185636) | |
| Maastrichtian | Spain (Santander) | Rhynchopygus sp. (157006) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian | Netherlands | Rhynchopygus marmini (32160) | |
| Danian | Denmark | C. faberi (89866) | |
| Selandian | Nigeria | C. kieri (7791) | |
| Eocene | USA (California) | C. ellipticus (203576) | |
| Eocene | Peru | Rhynchopygus peruvianus (203222) | |
| Lutetian | Egypt | C. sp. (41904) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | Rhynchopygus californicus (32907 208694) | |
| Bartonian | USA (North Carolina) | C. raveneli (5436 5437) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Florida) | Casidulus trojanensis (204637) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Georgia) | C. depressus (203464) C. sp. (57926) C. trojanensis (204638 204639) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (California) | C. californicus (203442) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Colombia | C. sp. (103544) | |
| Priabonian | Germany (Bavaria) | C. scutella (10963) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Florida) | C. ericsoni, C. globosus (41475) C. globosus, C. ericsoni (61109) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Georgia) | C. gouldii (203474) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Alabama) | C. alabamensis (203475) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Florida) | C. gouldii (61122 61123) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Georgia) | C. gouldii (155967 155968 155969) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Cuba | C. rojasi (155859) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil | C. sp. (112581) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (North Carolina) | C. raveneli (41985) | |
| Miocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | C. mexicanus (203577) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Brazil (Para) | C. sp. (58454) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Alabama) | C. gouldii (89608) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | C. evergladensis (41206 41209) |