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Holaster

Echinoidea - Holasteroida - Holasteridae

Taxonomy
Holaster was named by Agassiz (1836) [Sepkoski's age data: K Berr-u T Than Sepkoski's reference number: 934,942]. It is the type genus of Holasteridae.

It was assigned to Echinocorythidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Spatangidae by Cooke (1942); to Holasteridae by Cooke (1959), Wagner and Durham (1966) and Shmidt (1976); and to Holasteroida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1836Holaster Agassiz p. 183
1915Holaster Clark and Twitchell p. 85
1942Holaster Cooke p. 52
1959Holaster Cooke p. 65
1966Holaster Wagner and Durham p. U528
1976Holaster Shmidt p. 152
2002Holaster Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
RankNameAuthor
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderHolasteroida
suborderMeridosternata
familyHolasteridae
genusHolasterAgassiz 1836

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Holaster Agassiz 1836
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†Holaster cinctus Morton 1830
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Invalid names: Cardiaster fimbriatus Morton 1830 [synonym]
†Holaster dombeensis de Loriol 1888
†Holaster feralis Cooke 1953
†Holaster indicus Forbes 1846
†Holaster marginalis Agassiz 1836
†Holaster nodulosus Goldfuss 1863
†Holaster simplex Shumard 1853
†Holaster tanamensis Shmidt 1976
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: semi-infaunalo
Diet: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-29 10:02:19
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:44:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Hauterivian to the top of the Thanetian or 136.40000 to 56.00000 Ma

Collections (232 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9France H. cordatus (2222)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Switzerland H. campichei (2213)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Portugal H. sp. (64952) H. valanginiensis (65674)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Spain H. intermedius (55528)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0France H. intermedius (68926 68928 68929 68930 68932 68933 68934 68936 68937 68939 68940 68942 68943 68944 68946 68947 68952 68963 68968 68969 68983 68984 68986 68987 68989 68990 68991 68992 68993 68994 68995 68996 68997 69004 69005 69007 69020 69021 69022 69063 69064 69065 69066 69067 69077 69078 69079 69080 69081 69082 69083 69490 69492 69494 69735 69736 69743 69744 69745 69746 69747 69748 69749 69750 69751 69752 69754 69757 69760 69762 69763 69764 69765 69776 69777 69778 69780 69781 69782 69785 69786 69793 69794 84870 84872 84873 84874 84875 84876 84877 84878 84879)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Switzerland H. l'hardyi (2198 2201) H. l'hardyi, H. cordatus (2200)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4France H. l'hardyi (2199 2203 2206) H. l'hardyi, H. cordatus (2209)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Switzerland H. lardyi (2194 2196 2197)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0France H. lardyi (2195 2212)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0United Kingdom (England) H. benstedi (1775 1838) H. cantianus (1815) H. sp. (1842) H. wrighti (1769)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Spain (Catalonia) H. aptiensis (111535)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Mozambique H. laevis (174616)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Madagascar H. sp. (98264)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza) H. nanus (88677 88679) H. sp. (88630)
Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian113.0 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) H. laevis, H. sp. (198091)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0United Kingdom (England) H. cantianus (1782 1864)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Dominican Republic H. sp. (65128)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian112.03 - 105.3France H. perezii (56845)
Early/Lower Albian - Late/Upper Albian112.03 - 99.6France H. laevis, H. perezii (58861) H. perezii (57922)
Middle Albian109.0 - 105.3France H. laevis (56846) H. perezii (233804 233805)
Middle Albian109.0 - 105.3United Kingdom (England) H. cantianus (1765)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6France H. laevis (56523 56678 56848 58119 58125 58253 58364) H. laevis, H. perezii (56680 58126 58246 58359 58431) H. laevis, H. perezii, H. sp. (58363) H. laevis, H. sp. (56669) H. perezii, H. laevis (56552 56674 58122) H. sp. (58878) H. suborbicularis, H. laevis, H. perezii (58527)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Spain H. sp. (3823) H. trecensis (3829) H. trecensis, H. sp. (3824)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6United Kingdom (England) H. laevis (82808 82811)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Madagascar (Mahajanga) H. hoepeni (98220)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Mozambique H. vanhoepeni (174827)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Angola H. dombeensis (210778 210852)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6USA (Texas) H. simplex (58637 106273)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Spain H. sp. (175374)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9France H. carinatus, H. subglobosus (2164) H. laevis, H. subglobosus (58935) H. subglobosus (56679) H. suborbicularis (56681 57923 58355) H. suborbicularis, H. subglobosus (56675)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Switzerland H. subglobosus (58114) H. subglobosus, H. carinatus (2163 2165 2236)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9United Kingdom (England) H. sp., H. trecensis (81003) H. subglobosus, H. trecensis, H. sp. (81061) H. trecensis, H. sp. (81060 81062)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Late/Upper Albian99.6 - 99.6Spain H. trecensis, H. nodulosis, H. sp. (3832)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France H. subglobosus (85020) H. subglobosus, H. suborbicularis (58362) H. suborbicularis (58634 59813 59816 59818)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Mozambique H. sp. (174823)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) H. bischoffi, H. nodulosus (59711) H. laevis (82898) H. laevis, H. subglobosus (82814) H. subglobosus (49496) H. trecensis (81002)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom H. bischoffi, H. nodulosus (59707 59710) H. laevis, H. revestensis (59681) H. nodulosus (59682 59688 59708 59709)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Brazil H. bischoffi (140837)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France H. subglobosus (56849) H. subglobosus, H. suborbicularis, H. sp., H. nodulosus (57943) H. suborbicularis (56670 58121) H. suborbicularis, H. nodulosus (58631)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Germany H. subglobosus (12586 12591 12592 12594)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France H. subglobosus, H. nodulosus (58926) H. trecensis (59799 59811)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Brazil H. bischoffi (140840)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) H. laevis, H. altus (82918) H. subglobosus (82857 82899 82914) H. trecencis (82910)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Colorado) H. feralis (78164)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Germany H. subglobosus (12587)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom H. subglobosus, H. nodulosus (59712)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France H. suborbicularis (58529)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Serbia and Montenegro H. nodulosus, H. marginalis (164671)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Colorado) H. feralis (78162 78163)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3United Kingdom (England) H. trecensis (4071)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5Russian Federation H. tanamensis (196495)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Spain H. sp. (3772)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Cataluña) H. sp. (67004)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Denmark H. faxensis (89866)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) H. cinctus (3113)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8USA (New Jersey) H. cinctus (155898 155904 155905)