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Pugnellinae

Gastropoda - Aporrhaidae

Taxonomy
Pugnellidae was named by Kiel and Bandel (1999).

It was reranked as the subfamily Pugnellinae by Kollmann (2009).

It was assigned to Stromboidea by Bouchet et al. (2005); and to Aporrhaidae by Kollmann (2009).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1999Pugnellidae Kiel and Bandel
2005Pugnellidae Bouchet et al. p. 253
2009Pugnellinae Kollmann p. 54

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyStromboidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyAporrhaidaeGray 1850
subfamilyPugnellinae(Kiel and Bandel 1999)
subfamilyPugnellinae(Kiel and Bandel 1999)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Pugnellinae Kiel and Bandel 1999
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G. †Bizarrus Kiel and Bandel 1999
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†Bizarrus abnormalis Wade 1926
†Bizarrus dietrichi Riedel 1933
†Bizarrus incertus Riedel 1933
G. †Gymnarus Gabb 1869
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†Gymnarus fraasi Riedel 1933
†Gymnarus manubriatus Gabb 1864
G. †Lispodesthes White 1877
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†Lispodesthes magnifica Böhm 1891
†Lispodesthes rotundatus Waring 1917
†Lispodesthes zekelii Guembel 1861
G. †Perustrombus Olsson 1934
G. †Pugnellus Conrad 1860
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†Pugnellus hauthali Wilckens 1907
G. †Pyktes Popenoe 1983
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†Pyktes aspris Popenoe 1983
†Pyktes daiphron Popenoe 1983
†Pyktes hamulus Gabb 1864
†Pyktes triphyllon Popenoe 1983
G. †Tephlon Popenoe 1983
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†Tephlon tumidus Gabb 1860
G. †Torgnellus Olsson 1934
G. †Tundora Stephenson 1941
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†Tundora tuberculata Stephenson 1941
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. A. Kollmann 2009Spire low, outer lip large and reinforced, often with horn-like extension. Callus commonly spread over large parts of the shell (pl. 2, figs. 6, 7).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: slow-movingf
Life habit: semi-infaunalf
Diet: detritivoref
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-05-20 05:55:58
Modified: 2009-10-09 22:54:17
Source: f = family, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Middle Cenomanian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 99.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (203 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) Lispodesthes lirata (2120 2122) Lispodesthes panda (6639 6641) Lispodesthes patula (4639 4641 4643 4648 6548 6565 6566 6599 6603 6604 6611 6614 6632)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (California) Pugnellus manubriatus (167601)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (California) Conchothyra rotunda (237460) Lispodesthes rotundus (40731) Pugnellus rotundus (193034)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (San Luis) Pugnellus hauthali (235482)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Mozambique Pugnellus crassicostatus (174799)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Gymnarus manubriatus (62347 86785 86788 86791 207521 215285 215618 215755 219080 219081 220297 220298 220299 222073 222077 222082 222085 222092 222093 222094 222097 222098 222105) Pugnellus hamulus (44213) Pugnellus manubriatus (44212 44218 220375 220934)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (New Mexico) Pugnellus sp. (200337)
Early/Lower Turonian - Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (California) Gymnarus manubriatus (220373)
Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (California) Gymnarus manubriatus (222117 222118 222119) Pugnellus manubriatus (221084) Pugnellus manubriatus, Pyktes daiphron (215287) Pyktes daiphron (215284)
Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (New Mexico) Pugnellus fusiformis (88811)
Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Arizona) Pyktes fusiformis (53504 53511)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Cameroon Pugnellus dietrichi, Pugnellus fraasi, Pugnellus incertus (177976) Pugnellus fraasi (209692)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3USA (California) Pugnellus hamulus (44232) Pugnellus rotundus (44267) Pyktes aspris (86783 215289)
Late/Upper Coniacian89.3 - 85.8USA (California) Pyktes aspris (203585 220408)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6USA (California) Pyktes triphyllon (215292)
Early/Lower Santonian85.8 - 83.5USA (California) Pyktes triphyllon (215293)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Pugnellus densatus (190555) Pugnellus sp. (7611)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mozambique Pugnellus sp. (174826)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Cameroon Pugnellus bilobatus, Pugnellus fraasi, Pugnellus incertus (94776) Pugnellus bilobatus, Pugnellus incertus (209676)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Delaware) Tundora tuberculata (6130 6132 6133)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Pugnellus densatus (7513)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Mississippi) Lispodesthes amplus, Pugnellus densatus, Tundora tuberculata, Gymnarus abnormalis (7456) Pugnellus densatus (6664) Tundora tuberculata (6660 7458 32142)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Germany Lispodesthes magnifica (221859)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) Lispodesthes rotundus (1513 1515 1516 1526 1534 1540 1545 1552 72057)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Tennessee) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus abnormalis (88357)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Pugnellus sp. (7466 7467)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) Lispodesthes rotundatus (144778) Lispodesthes rotundus (144763 144764)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (Tennessee) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus abnormalis (7515)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (California) Lispodesthes rotundus (1533)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Pugnellus hauthali (74121) Pugnellus sp. (231707)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Peru Perustrombus wheeleri (177977)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Texas) Pugnellus goldmani (4620 4633 4636) Pugnellus robustus (205446) Pugnellus sp. (4625) Tundora sp. (205449) Tundora tuberculata (7570)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Tennessee) Pugnellus densatus, Gymnarus abnormalis (205445)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mexico (Guerrero) Lispodesthes lilipus, Torgnellus sp. (177609)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Pugnellus densatus (7486 7506 205512) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus abnormalis (7600) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus goldmani (7601) Pugnellus goldmani, Pugnellus densatus (7605)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (California) Pugnellus hamulus (83791 83793) Pyktes hamulus (176785 185468 185492 185494 185509 185705 185706 215290 215291) Pyktes sp. (185758)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Pugnellus densatus (4258)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Iran Pugnellus sp. (87113)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Pugnellus densatus (4238 4249 4254) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus goldmani, Pugnellus sp. (4247) Pugnellus sp. (4240 4256 4261 4264 4271 4273 4286)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Mexico (Guerrero) Pugnellus densatus (7461)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Germany Lispodesthes magnifica, Lispodesthes zekelii (213668)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Georgia) Pugnellus goldmani (4279) Pugnellus goldmani, Pugnellus sp. (4277)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Pugnellus abnormalis (4100 7479) Pugnellus densatus (4111 7476 7487 7591 7592) Pugnellus goldmani, Pugnellus densatus (7473 7590) Pugnellus goldmani, Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus abnormalis (7586 7602)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Carolina) Pugnellus sp. (4363)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Tennessee) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus goldmani (4121)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Maryland) Pugnellus densatus (4369)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Texas) Pugnellus goldmani (4632) Pugnellus sp. (4395 4399 4403 4404 4413 4414 4416 4488 4516)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Chile (Concepción) Tephlon tumidus (132360)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Pugnellus densatus (4117 4124 4125 4126) Pugnellus densatus, Pugnellus goldmani (4127) Pugnellus sp. (4137 4142 4143 4147 4150 4151 4156 4158 4160)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Pugnellus densatus (4182 4216 4233 83225 83238) Pugnellus sp. (4178 4180 4186 4193 4202 4205 4214 4225)