PBDB Taxon

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Dicynodontoides recurvidens

Anomodontia

Taxonomy

Dicynodon recurvidens was named by Owen (1876). Its type specimen is BMNH 47091, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Fort Beaufort, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial lime mudstone in South Africa.

It was recombined as Kingoria recurvidens by Cluver and Hotton (1981), King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides parringtoni by Brink (1986); it was recombined as Dicynodontoides recurvidens by Angielczyk et al. (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011).

Synonyms

Dicynodontoides parringtoni was named by Broom (1940). Its type specimen is RC 45, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Bethesda Road Area, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa. It is the type species of Dicynodontoides.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides recurvidens by Angielczyk et al. (2009).
Udenodon gracilis was named by Broom (1901). Its type specimen is SAM-PK-590, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Pearston Area, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in the Middelton Formation of South Africa.

It was recombined as Dicynodon gracilis by Broom (1913); it was recombined as Kingoria gracilis by Cluver and Hotton (1981), King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides recurvidens by Angielczyk et al. (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon duvenhagei was named by Broom (1948). Its type specimen is RC 64, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Doornkloof (Glen Again), which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was recombined as Kingoria duvenhagei by Cluver and Hotton (1981), King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides parringtoni by Brink (1986); it was considered a nomen dubium by Angielczyk et al. (2009); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides recurvidens by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon clarencei was named by Broom (1950). Its type specimen is RC 97, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hanover, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides parringtoni by Brink (1986); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides recurvidens by Angielczyk et al. (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon howardi was named by Broom (1948). Its type specimen is RC 83, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Riversdale, Graaff-Reinet, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial siliciclastic in South Africa.

It was recombined as Kingoria howardi by Cluver and Hotton (1981), King (1988); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodontoides recurvidens by Angielczyk et al. (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1876	Dicynodon recurvidens Owen
1901	Udenodon gracilis Broom
1913	Dicynodon gracilis Broom
1940	Dicynodontoides parringtoni Broom
1948	Dicynodon duvenhagei Broom
1948	Dicynodon howardi Broom
1950	Dicynodon clarencei Broom
1981	Kingoria duvenhagei Cluver and Hotton
1981	Kingoria gracilis Cluver and Hotton
1981	Kingoria howardi Cluver and Hotton
1981	Kingoria recurvidens Cluver and Hotton
1988	Dicynodon clarencei King
1988	Kingoria duvenhagei King
1988	Kingoria gracilis King
1988	Kingoria howardi King
1988	Kingoria recurvidens King
2009	Dicynodontoides recurvidens Angielczyk et al.
2011	Dicynodontoides recurvidens Kammerer et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
order	Anomodontia	Owen 1859
order	Dicynodontia	()
superfamily	Emydopoidea	van Hoepen 1934
—	Kingoriidae	()
genus	Dicynodontoides
species	recurvidens	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Dicynodontoides recurvidens Owen 1876

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Invalid names: Dicynodon clarencei Broom 1950 [synonym], Dicynodontoides parringtoni Broom 1940 [synonym], Kingoria duvenhagei Broom 1948 [synonym], Kingoria gracilis Broom 1901 [synonym], Kingoria howardi Broom 1948 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Diet:

herbivoreo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:33:45

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:33:45

Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Carroll 1988, Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Early/Lower Triassic or 259.51000 to 246.70000 Ma

Collections (7 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	South Africa (Northern Cape)	Dicynodon clarencei (176916)
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Dicynodon howardi (176919) Udenodon gracilis (176830)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.51 - 251.902	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Dicynodon duvenhagei (171146) Dicynodon recurvidens (type locality: 174747) Dicynodontoides parringtoni (176336)
Early/Lower Triassic	251.902 - 246.7	South Africa (Free State)	Dicynodontoides recurvidens (117183)