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Osteoglossiformes

Osteichthyes - Osteoglossiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1940Osteoglossiformes Berg
1981Osteoglossiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 96
1997Osteoglossiformes Li et al.
1999Osteoglossiformes Weems p. 56
2000Osteoglossiformes Newbrey and Bozek p. 13
2002Osteoglossiformes Sepkoski
2006Osteoglossiformes Nelson
2010Osteoglossiformes Bogan et al. p. 165
2011Osteoglossiformes Long p. 242
2013Osteoglossiformes Betancur et al.
2014Osteoglossiformes Bannikov p. 25
2016Osteoglossiformes Nelson et al. p. 155
2019Osteoglossiformes Ebersole et al. p. 164
2019Osteoglossiformes van der Laan p. 63
2022Osteoglossiformes Cicimurri et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Osteoglossomorpha()
orderOsteoglossiformesBerg 1940
orderOsteoglossiformesBerg 1940

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Osteoglossiformes Berg 1940
show all | hide all
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G. Arapaima Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
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Arapaima gigas Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
G. †Thrissopterus Heckel 1856
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†Thrissopterus catullii Heckel 1856
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G. †Foreyichthys Taverne 1979
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†Foreyichthys bolcensis Taverne 1979
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G. Gymnarchus Cuvier 1829 [aba knifefish]
G. †Heterosteoglossum Bonde 2008
+
G. †Lopadichthys Murray et al. 2018
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†Lopadichthys colwellae Murray et al. 2018
G. †Monopteros Volta 1796
+
†Monopteros gigas Volta 1796
Fm. Notopteridae [knifefish]
+
G. †Notopterus Lacepede 1800
+
†Notopterus primaevus Gunther 1876
Invalid names: Notopterinae [empty], Xenomystinae [empty]
G. †Opsithrissops Daniltshenko 1968
Fm. Osteoglossidae Bonaparte 1832 [arowana]
+
G. †Chanopsis Casier 1961
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†Chanopsis lombardi Casier 1961
G. †Dapedoglossus Cope 1877
+
†Dapedoglossus testis Cope 1877
G. Heterotis Rüppell 1828 [African arowana]
Subfm. Osteoglossinae Nelson 1968
+
G. †Brychaetus Agassiz 1845
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†Brychaetus muelleri Woodward 1901
G. †Cretophareodus Lim 1996
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G. †Phareodus Leidy 1873
+
†Phareodus acutus Leidy 1873
†Phareodus encaustus Cope 1871
†Phareodus testis Cope 1877
G. †Singida Greenwood and Patterson 1967
+
†Singida jacksonoides Greenwood and Patterson 1967
G. †Taverneichthys Kumar et al. 2005
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†Taverneichthys bikanericus Kumar et al. 2005
G. Osteoglossum Cuvier 1829
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G. †Scleropages Gunther 1864
Invalid names: Heterodontinae [empty], Heterotidinae Nelson 1968 [empty]
+
Fm. Pantodontidae Peters 1876
+
G. †Capassopiscis Taverne 2022
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†Capassopiscis pankowskii Taverne 2022
G. †Palaeopantodon Taverne 2021
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G. †Pankowskipiscis Taverne 2021
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G. Pantodon Peters 1876
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Pantodon buchholzi Peters 1876
G. †Petersichthys Taverne 2021
+
†Petersichthys libanicus Taverne 2021
G. †Prognathoglossum Taverne and Capasso 2012
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†Prognathoglossum kalassyi Taverne and Capasso 2012
Fm. †Singididae Greenwood and Patterson 1967
+
G. †Chauliopareion Murray and Wilson 2005
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†Chauliopareion mahengeense Murray and Wilson 2005
Invalid names: Clupisudidae [empty]
G. †Tongxinichthys Ma 1980
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Fm. †Wakinoichthiidae Yabumoto 1994
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G. †Wakinoichthys Yabumoto 1994
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†Wakinoichthys aokii Yabumoto 1994
†Wakinoichthys robustus Yabumoto 1994
G. Wilsonichthys Murray et al. 2016
+
Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis Murray et al. 2016
G. †Xixiaichthys Zhang 2004
+
Invalid names: Mormyridae [empty], Saurocephalidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatero
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:33:46
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:33:30
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bathonian to the top of the Holocene or 168.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 165.3 Ma

Collections (142 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Morocco (Figuig) Osteoglossiformes indet. (176120)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Figuig) Osteoglossiformes indet. (204918 204936)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Morocco (Oriental) Osteoglossiformes indet. (45726)
Neocomian143.1 - 125.77Japan (Fukuoka) Wakinoichthys aokii (145245 145246) Wakinoichthys aokii, Wakinoichthys robustus (145244)
Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0China Xixiaichthys tongxiensis (117997)
Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0China (NingXia) Tongxinichthys microdus (119465)
Valanginian - Barremian137.05 - 121.4Congo-Kinshasa (Tshopo) Chanopsis lombardi (278940)
Barremian125.77 - 121.4Japan (Ishikawa) Osteoglossidae indet. (32324)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian119.57 - 110.1South Korea (Kyongsangnam-do) Wakinoichthys aokii (144935)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lebanon Capassopiscis pankowskii, Petersichthys libanicus, Pankowskipiscis haqelensis, Palaeopantodon vandersypeni (221948)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lebanon Prognathoglossum kalassyi (221170)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8United Kingdom (England) Saurocephalidae indet. (238510)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Canada (Alberta) Wilsonichthys sp. (14425 14426 14428 190344 190345)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Osteoglossidae indet. (74660)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Saskatchewan) Cretophareodus sp. (229975)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Osteoglossidae indet. (38682)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Osteoglossidae indet. (57000)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Spain (Cataluña) Osteoglossidae indet. 1 (32322)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Spain (Lleida) Osteoglossidae indet. 2 (242246)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (14631)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis, Lopadichthys sp. (14519)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (14549 144499 144500 192242 192247) Wilsonichthys sp., Wilsonichthys sp. (144502)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Notopterus nolfi, Scleropages intertrappus, Osteoglossum deccanensis (122240) Phareodus sp. (153368) Phareodus sp., Osteoglossidarum intertrappus, Osteoglossidae indet., Notopteridae indet. (27014)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Bolivia (Cochabamba) Heterotidinae indet. (12855)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Osteoglossum deccanensis (58102)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Spain (Valencia) Osteoglossidae indet. (47035)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Spain (Cataluña) Osteoglossidae indet 2 (148950)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis (190346)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Mali Brychaetus sp. (114954)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Wilsonichthys sp. (227221)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Phareodus sp. (58100 222693)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Phareodus sp. (226125) Phareodus sp., Osteoglossidae indet. (75493)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene72.2 - 61.66India (Madhya Pradesh) Osteoglossidae indet. (226992)
Maastrichtian - Danian72.2 - 61.66Bolivia Brychaetus sp. (123343)
Pu266.0 - 63.4Canada (Saskatchewan) Lopadichthys sp. (14764)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Greenland Osteoglossidae indet. (206772)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Bolivia (Mizque) Phareodus sp. (13501)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Mexico (Chiapas) Phareodus sp. (190739)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Joffrichthys sp. (24926)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0India (Rajasthan) Taverneichthys bikanericus (192265)
Paleocene - Eocene66.0 - 33.9Mali Brychaetus sp. (202361)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04USA (washington) Phareodus sp. (236495)
Tiffanian60.9 - 57.5Canada (Alberta) Lopadichthys sp. (22732)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Lopadichthys colwellae (191920)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Niger Brychaetus muelleri (229530)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene59.24 - 48.07India Osteoglossidae indet. (91316)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Phareodus sp. (74615 74617)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Mississippi) Brychaetus muelleri (164192)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07India (Gujarat) Osteoglossidae indet. (55494)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Mali (Gao) Brychaetus sp. (175262)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Foreyichthys bolcensis, Thrissopterus catullii, Monopteros gigas (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Osteoglossidae indet., Brychaetus muelleri (215472)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Maryland ) Brychaetus muelleri (124192)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Virginia) Brychaetus muelleri (15595)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Heterosteoglossum sp. (189828)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (81179 209524)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Phareodus encaustus (134736) Phareodus testis (134737)
Bridgerian51.1 - 45.9USA (Wyoming) Phareodus sp. (182921)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan Osteoglossidae indet. (125084)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03United Kingdom (England) Brychaetus sp. (41888)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Tanzania Chauliopareion mahengeense, Singida jacksonoides (31499)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (81224)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Pakistan (North-West Frontier) Osteoglossidae indet. (28978)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (Texas) Osteoglossum rhomboidalis (237116)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.07 - 33.9Libya (Sirt) Gymnarchus sp. (175361 175362 187328)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Alabama) Osteoglossidae indet. (209520)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Brychaetus sp. (75638)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Oman (Dhofar) Osteoglossidae indet. (175334) Osteoglossiformes indet. (162464)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (South Carolina) Osteoglossidae indet. (60444 224900)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Kenya Mormyridae indet., Osteoglossidae indet. (174672)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Australia (Queensland) Scleropages leichardti (227021)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22217 22245 22247 22398 22400 22405 22433 22457)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Libya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (276397)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Peru (Loreto) Osteoglossiformes indet. (224008 224009 224010) Osteoglossiformes indet., Osteoglossoidei indet. (224007)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Colombia (Huila) Arapaima gigas (186568)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Osteoglossidae indet. (55602)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22358 22443)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Kenya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22345)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Gymnarchus sp. (59839)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya Osteoglossidae spp. (22237)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21510) Gymnarchus sp. (22338) Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22240)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Uganda Gymnarchus niloticus (22265)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Kenya Gymnarchus sp. (22239) Gymnarchus sp., Heterotis sp. (22235)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Gymnarchus sp. (22346)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Ethiopia Gymnarchus sp. (21546)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21425)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Ethiopia Gymnarchus sp. (21545)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21398 21478 21486 21504 21537) Gymnarchus sp. (21420)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21367 21421 21495 21498)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Saudi Arabia Osteoglossiformes indet. (48858)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Gymnarchus sp. (22098)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Gymnarchus niloticus (21368)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Niger Gymnarchus niloticus, Heterotis niloticus (83304) Mormyridae indet., Heterotis niloticus (83305)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Mormyridae indet. (21871)