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Clupeiformes

Actinopteri - Clupeiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1859Clupeiformes Bleeker
1964Clupeiformes Estes p. 48
1981Clupeiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 95
1982Clupeiformes Grande p. 5
1988Clupeiformes Case and Schwimmer p. 300
1989Clupeiformes Shoshani et al. p. 435
1999Clupeiformes Constantin
2001Clupeiformes Purdy et al. p. 164
2002Clupeiformes Sepkoski
2003Clupeiformes Forey et al. p. 228
2005Clupeiformes Murray et al. p. 301
2006Clupeiformes Nelson
2009Clupeiformes De Figueiredo
2011Clupeiformes Long p. 243
2012Clupeiformes Fierstine et al. p. 15
2013Clupeiformes Betancur et al.
2014Clupeiformes Bannikov p. 26
2015Clupeiformes Marramá and Carnevale
2016Clupeiformes Nelson et al. p. 164
2018Clupeiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 167
2020Clupeiformes Kovalchuk et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
RankNameAuthor
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Teleocephalade Pinna 1996
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Otomorpha
—Clupei
orderClupeiformesBleeker 1859
orderClupeiformesBleeker 1859

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Clupeiformes Bleeker 1859
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G. †Austroclupea Bardack 1961
Fm. Clupeoidei Bleeker 1859 [herring]
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Fm. Alosidae Svetovidov 1952
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G. †Sanalosa Bienkowska-Wasiluk et al. 2024
+
†Sanalosa janulosa Bienkowska-Wasiluk et al. 2024
Fm. Chirocentridae Cuvier and Valenciennes 1846
+
G. Chirocentrus Cuvier 1817
+
†Chirocentrus polyodon Gunther 1876
G. †Platinx Agassiz 1835
+
†Platinx elongatus Agassiz 1835
†Platinx gigas Volta 1796
†Platinx macropterus Blainville 1818
G. †Spathodactylus Pictet 1853
Fm. †Clupavidae
+
G. †Lusitanichthys Gavet 1980
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Fm. Clupeidae Cuvier 1817 [herring]
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G. †Alisea Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Alisea grandis Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. Alosa Linck 1790
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†Alosa bohemica Fritsch 1878
†Alosa crassa Sauvage 1873
†Alosa elongata Agassiz 1842
†Alosa ganolytoides David 1946
†Alosa genuina Danil'chenko 1960
†Alosa numidica Sauvage 1873
†Alosa paulicrenata Bratishko et al. 2015
†Alosa renoui Sauvage 1873
†Alosa sagorensis Steindachner 1850
†Alosa sapidissima Wilson 1811
†Alosa sculptata Weiller 1928
Alosa tanaica Grimm 1901
G. Anchoa Jordan and Evermann 1927
+
†Anchoa nitida Schwarzhans 1980
G. †Audenaerdia Taverne 1973
+
†Audenaerdia casieri Taverne 1973
G. †Bolcaichthys Marramá and Carnevale 2015
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†Bolcaichthys catopygopterus Woodward 1901
G. Brevoortia Gill 1861
G. †Chasmoclupea Murray et al. 2005
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†Chasmoclupea aegyptica Murray et al. 2005
G. Clupea Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Clupea (Meletta) Valenciennes 1847
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†Meletta sardinites Heckel 1850
†Clupea arcuata Kner 1863
†Clupea arezedi Sauvage 1898
†Clupea beurardi Blainville 1818
†Clupea brevis Agassiz 1842
†Clupea caudata Sauvage 1870
†Clupea curta Davis 1887
†Clupea dentex Blainville 1818
†Clupea elongata Davis 1887
†Clupea gigantea Heckel 1849
†Clupea guestfalica von der Marck 1858
†Clupea hadleyi Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Clupea inflata Vukotinovic 1870
Clupea longimana Heckel 1850
†Clupea macrocephala Yabumoto and Nazarkin 2018
†Clupea megapteryx Sauvage 1873
†Clupea opisthopteryx Sauvage 1873
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes 1847
†Clupea polyachanthina Lioy 1866
†Clupea saulos Sauvage 1870
†Clupea scheuchseri Blainville 1818
Clupea sprattus Linnaeus 1758
†Clupea tenuissima Agassiz 1839
†Clupea testis Koken 1891
Clupea tiejei David 1943
†Clupea trinacridis Sauvage 1873
†Clupea ventricosa Smirnov 1935
†Clupea ventricosa antiqua Smirnov 1935
†Clupea voinovi Pauca 1929
†Clupea weileri Smigielska 1966
†Clupea xenophanis Sauvage 1873
†Clupea zanclea Sauvage 1870
Invalid names: Clupea cephalus Lioy 1866 [nomen dubium], Clupea chrysosoma Lioy 1866 [nomen dubium], Clupea denticiformis Lioy 1866 [nomen dubium], Clupea microcephala Lioy 1866 [nomen dubium], Clupea minutissima Lioy 1866 [nomen dubium], Clupea ophthalmica Lioy 1866 [nomen dubium]
G. †Clupeidarum Cuvier 1817
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†Clupeidarum dilatus Frost 1925
†Clupeidarum incisiareatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Clupeidarum posti Schwarzhans 1985
†Clupeidarum rectiventralis Schwarzhans 2003
Subfm. Clupeinae Cuvier 1817 [herring]
+
G. Clupeonella Kessler 1877 [sprat]
G. †Ellimma Jordan 1913
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†Ellimma cruzi da Silva Santos 1990
G. Harengula Cuvier and Valenciennes
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Harengula clupeola Cuvier 1829
G. †Maicopiella Menner 1949
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†Maicopiella brevicauda Menner 1949
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Invalid names: Sardinella engrauliformis Lioy 1866 [synonym]
†Maicopiella longimana Heckel 1850
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Invalid names: Clupea sardinites Heckel 1850 [synonym], Meletta crenata Heckel 1850 [synonym], Meletta heckeli Rzehak 1880 [synonym]
G. †Rupelia Kovalchuk et al. 2020
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†Rupelia rata Daniltshenko 1959
Invalid names: Suchumia caucasica Menner 1949 [nomen dubium]
G. Sardinella Cuvier and Valenciennes 1847
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†Clupea (Sardinella) brouweri de Beaufort 1926
†Sardinella claviformis Schwarzhans 2019
†Sardinella daguini Steurbaut 1984
†Sardinella denticulata Ciobanu 1977
†Sardinella lintriculus Schwarzhans 2019
†Sardinella miyanoshitaensis Sato and Uyeno 1999
†Sardinella sardinites Heckel 1850
G. Sprattus Girgensohn 1846
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Sprattus antipoda Hector 1872
†Sprattus arewhana Schwarzhans 2019
G. Dussumieria Valenciennes 1847
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Dussumieria elami Arambourg 1967
G. †Eoalosa Marrama` and Carnevale 2018 [sunrise or dawn shad]
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†Eoalosa janvieri Marrama` and Carnevale 2018
G. †Etringus Jordan 1907
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†Etringus scintillans Jordan 1907
G. †Ganoessus
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†Ganoessus clepsydra Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Ganoessus meiklejohni Jordan 1925
†Ganoessus michaelis Jordan 1925
Invalid names: Lembicus Jordan 1925 [synonym]
G. †Ganolytes Jordan 1919
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†Ganolytes aphrasta Jordan 1925
†Ganolytes aratus Jordan 1924
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Invalid names: Diradias fenestralis Jordan 1925 [synonym]
†Ganolytes cameo Jordan 1919
†Ganolytes clepsydra Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Diradias Jordan 1924 [synonym]
G. †Hypsospondylus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1885
+
†Hypsospondylus bassanii Gorjanović-Kramberger 1885
G. †Nolfia Taverje 1976
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†Nolfia riachuelensis De Figueiredo 2009
G. Opisthonema Gill 1862
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G. †Pellonula Günther 1868
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†Pellonula grasionescui Ciobanu 1977
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G. †Knightia Jordan 1907
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†Knightia andreae Dusén 1908
†Knightia branneri Jordan 1907
†Knightia eocaena Jordan 1907
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Invalid names: Clupea humilis Leidy 1856 [replaced]
G. Pomolobus Rafinesque 1820
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†Pomolobus curtus Danil'chenko 1960
†Pomolobus facilis Danil'chenko 1960
G. †Quisque Jordan 1920
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†Quisque gilberti Jordan 1920
G. Sardina Antipa 1905
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†Sardina crassa Sauvage 1880
Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792
†Sardina rostrata Steurbaut 1984
G. Sardinops Hubbs 1929
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†Sardinops crassiposticus Steurbaut 1984
†Sardinops robinsoni Schwarzhans et al. 2017
Sardinops sagax Jenyns 1842
G. Sarmatella Menner 1949
+
†Sarmatella doljeana Gorjanovic'-Kramberger 1884
†Sarmatella vukotinovici Gorjanovic'-Kramberger 1884
G. Spratelloides Bleeker 1851
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Spratelloides gracilis Temminck and Schlegel 1846
†Spratelloides lemoinei Arambourg 1927
G. Trollichthys Marramà and Carnevale
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†Trollichthys bolcensis Marramà and Carnevale 2014
G. †Waihaoclupea Schwarzhans 2019
+
†Waihaoclupea pinguis Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Wisslerius David 1946
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G. †Xenophanis Sauvage 1873
G. †Xyne Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Xyne grex Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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Invalid names: Xyne fitgeri Jordan and Gilbert 1920 [synonym]
G. †Xyrinius Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Xyrinius barbarae Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Xyrinius elmodenae Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Xyrinius houshi Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Dorosomatinae [empty], Ehiravinae [empty], Epelichthys Jordan 1925 [invalid subgroup], Xenothrissa Jordan 1925 [invalid subgroup]
Superfm. Clupeoidea Cuvier 1817
+
Fm. †Halecopsidae Casier 1946
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G. †Halecopsis Woodward 1901
G. †Pseudoetringus David 1946
+
+
G. †Azalois Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. Etrumeus Bleeker 1853
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†Etrumeus boulei Arambourg 1925
†Etrumeus carnatus Schwarzhans 2019
Etrumeus hafizi Arambourg 1943
†Etrumeus jansseni Steurbaut 1982
G. †Lygisma Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Sahelinia Arambourg 1927
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†Sahelinia gregaria de Bosniaski 1878
G. †Smithites Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Smithites elegans Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Sternbergia Jordan 1925
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G. †Engraulites Jordan and Gilbert 1925
G. Stolephorus Lacépède 1803
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†Stolephorus favonius Schwarzhans 2013
Invalid names: Coilinae [empty], Engraulinae [empty]
Superfm. Engrauloidea Grande 1985
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G. †Clupeopsis Casier 1946
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†Clupeopsis straeleni Casier 1946
G. †Monosmilus Capobianco et al. 2020
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†Monosmilus chureloides Capobianco et al. 2020
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G. Ilisha Richardson 1845
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†Ilisha nijsseni Nolf and Steurbaut 1979
Invalid names: Pelloninae [empty]
Invalid names: Ancylostylidae [empty], Cromeriidae [empty], Dorosomidae [empty], Erythrinolepidae [empty], Macristiidae [empty], Notogoneidae [empty]
G. †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987
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G. †Paleodenticeps Greenwoos
Invalid names: Denticipitidae [empty]
G. †Hacquetia Szajnocha 1886
G. †Pseudoellimma De Figueiredo 2009
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†Pseudoellimma gallae De Figueiredo 2009
Invalid names: Chirocentroidea Applegate 1970 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Comments: planktivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:03:52
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:03:52
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 125.77000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma

Collections (276 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Barremian125.77 - 121.4Brazil (Alagoas) Pseudoellimma gallae (135830)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Germany Clupeidae indet. (221372)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Brazil Ellimma cruzi (63322)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Brazil (Sergipe) Nolfia riachuelensis (140003)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Lusitanichthys africanus (136829)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Lebanon Clupea gigantea (221190)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Morocco (Er Rachida) Lusitanichthys sp. (120457)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Croatia Hypsospondylus bassanii (221022) Spathodactylus sp. (123550)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Mexico (Puebla) Clupeidae indet. (127465 215805)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (South Dakota) Clupeoidea indet. (181902)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Italy (Gorizia) Clupeiformes indet. (103811 116133)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Lebanon Clupea elongata (170327)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Italy Clupeiformes indet. (35332)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany Clupea guestfalica (221711)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Clupeiformes indet. G (14466)
Late/Upper Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Antarctica Knightia andreae (150274)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Clupeidae indet. (58102)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Clupeidae indet. (122240) Clupeidarum sp. (27014)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Portugal (Coimbra) Clupea arezedi (49228)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Clupea sp. (11604)