PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hygophum

Actinopteri - Myctophiformes - Myctophidae

Taxonomy

Hygophum was named by Bolin (1939) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 503]. It is extant. Its type is Scopelus hygomii.

It was reranked as Myctophum (Hygophum) by Taning (1932).

It was assigned to Myctophum by Taning (1932); to Myctophini by Steurbaut (1979) and Schwarzhans (1980); to Myctophiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Myctophinae by Fraser-Brunner (1949), Steurbaut (1984), Fierstine et al. (2012), Martin et al. (2018), Schwarzhans and Ohe (2019) and Schwarzhans (2019); and to Myctophidae by Heinrich (1969), Ohe and Araki (1973), Schwarzhans (1978), Nolf and Steurbaut (1983), Stringer (1998), Girone et al. (2006), Carnevale (2007) and Legendre et al. (2020).

Species

H. acutiventris, H. agatense, H. agrigentensis, H. benoiti, H. circularis, H. derthonensis, H. germanicum, H. hygomi (syn. Myctophum remiger), H. macrochir, H. orcianensis, H. pabloensis, H. probenoiti, H. proximum, H. reinhardtii (syn. Myctophum atratum), H. rotundum, H. taaningi, Myctophum (Hygophum) hanseni

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1932	Myctophum (Hygophum) Taning
1939	Hygophum Bolin
1949	Hygophum Fraser-Brunner p. 1049
1969	Hygophum Heinrich p. 20
1973	Hygophum Ohe and Araki p. 410
1978	Hygophum Schwarzhans p. 12
1979	Hygophum Steurbaut p. 60
1980	Hygophum Schwarzhans p. 56
1983	Hygophum Nolf and Steurbaut p. 157
1984	Hygophum Steurbaut p. 51
1998	Hygophum Stringer p. 150
2002	Hygophum Sepkoski
2006	Hygophum Girone et al. p. 656
2007	Hygophum Carnevale p. 25
2012	Hygophum Fierstine et al. p. 51
2018	Hygophum Martin et al. p. 79 figs. Table 3
2019	Hygophum Schwarzhans p. 117
2019	Hygophum Schwarzhans and Ohe p. 366
2020	Hygophum Legendre et al. p. 25

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
superclass	Actinopterygii	()
class	Actinopteri	()
subclass	Neopterygii	(Regan 1923)
—	Teleosteomorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Teleostei	(Müller 1846)
—	Teleocephala	de Pinna 1996
—	Clupeocephala	Patterson and Rosen 1977
—	Euteleosteomorpha
—	Neoteleostei	Rosen 1973
—	Eurypterygia	(Rosen 1973)
—	Ctenosquamata
—	Myctophata
order	Myctophiformes	Regan 1911
family	Myctophidae	Gill 1893
genus	Hygophum	Bolin 1939

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Hygophum Bolin 1939

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†Hygophum acutiventris Schwarzhans 2019

Hygophum agatense Robba 1970

†Hygophum agrigentensis Schwarzhans 1978

Hygophum benoiti Cocco 1838 [Benoit's lanternfish]

†Hygophum circularis Frost 1924

†Hygophum derthonensis Nolf and Steurbaut 1983

†Hygophum germanicum Heinrich 1969

Hygophum hygomi Lütken 1892 [Bermuda lantern fish]

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Invalid names: Myctophum remiger Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym]

Hygophum macrochir Günther 1864 [large-finned lanternfish]

†Hygophum orcianensis Schwarzhans 1978

†Hygophum pabloensis Weiler 1959

†Hygophum probenoiti Arambourg 1927

Hygophum proximum Becker 1965

Hygophum reinhardtii Lütken 1892

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Invalid names: Myctophum atratum Garman 1899 [synonym]

†Hygophum rotundum Ohe and Araki 1973

†Hygophum taaningi Becker 1965

Myctophum (Hygophum) hanseni Taning 1932

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Created:

2009-07-20 21:28:48

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:28:48

Source: o = order, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Otaian to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 21.70000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.44 Ma

Collections (81 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	France	H. derthonensis (219195)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Venezuela (Paraguana)	H. hygomi (118106)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Japan (Mie)	H. rotundum (222497)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	Mexico (Veracruz)	Ceratoscopelus pabloensis (222553)
Neogene	23.03 - 2.58	Indonesia (Aceh)	Scopelus circularis (223637 223639)
Otaian	21.7 - 19.0	New Zealand (South Island)	Scopelus circularis (204279)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Trinidad and Tobago	H. pabloensis (219233)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	France	H. benoiti (220042) H. hygomi, H. derthonensis (219196)
Altonian	19.0 - 15.9	New Zealand (South Island)	H. circularis (219341 219597 219598 219599 219606 219608 219622)
Altonian	19.0 - 15.9	New Zealand (North Shore)	H. circularis (219523 219524 219525 219526)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	France	H. hygomi, H. derthonensis (219197)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Japan (Aichi)	H. rotundum (161449)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Italy	H. sp. (185486)
Clifdenian	15.9 - 13.65	New Zealand (South Island)	H. circularis (219623)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Italy	H. derthonensis (187505) H. hygomii (70491) H. hygomii, H. derthonensis (78437 178120 187503 187504 187506 187507 187596)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Greece (Crete)	H. hygomii (207587 207588)
Tortonian - Messinian	11.62 - 5.333	Greece (Crete)	H. hygomii (207593)
Tongaporutuan	11.608 - 6.5	New Zealand (North Island)	H. sp. (219269)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Germany	H. germanicum (223566)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Greece (Crete)	H. hygomii (207591)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Algeria	Myctophum probenoiti (186583)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy	H. hygomi (220502) Myctophum probenoiti (210251)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Dominican Republic	H. sp. (75042)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy (Piedmont)	H. derthonensis (172914 172915 172916 199859 220503)
Kapitean	6.5 - 5.333	New Zealand (North Island)	H. acutiventris (219555)
Kapitean	6.5 - 5.333	New Zealand	Scopelus circularis (162461)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Italy	H. agrigentensis (223700) H. hygomi (210257) H. sp. (210256)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Italy (Sicily)	H. probenoiti, H. agrigentensis (223702)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Greece (Peloponnese)	H. hygomii (207769)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Venezuela	H. macrochir, H. taaningi (219232) H. pabloensis (219229)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Jamaica	H. sp., H. benoiti (186673)
Zanclean - Piacenzian	5.333 - 2.588	Italy	H. sp. (145678)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Japan (Hane)	H. proximum (219771)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Italy	H. benoiti, H. hygomi (210258)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Greece (Crete)	H. hygomii, H. benoiti (207357)
Piacenzian - Gelasian	3.6 - 1.806	Italy	H. sp. (57058)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	Greece (Rhodes)	H. hygomii (207579)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	Japan	H. proximum (219781)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	Italy	H. benoiti, H. hygomi (159096)
Gelasian - Calabrian	2.588 - 0.774	Greece (Zakynthos)	H. hygomii, H. benoiti (207576)
Gelasian - Calabrian	2.588 - 0.774	Greece (Rhodes)	H. benoiti (207569) H. hygomii, H. benoiti (207571)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.129	Italy	H. benoiti (159823) H. benoiti, H. hygomi (159378 159455)
Gelasian - Ionian	2.588 - 0.129	Greece (Rhodes)	H. benoiti (207578)
Gelasian - Ionian	2.588 - 0.129	Greece (Kephallonia)	H. hygomii, H. benoiti (207577)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Italy	H. hygomi (159140)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Greece (Rhodes)	H. benoiti (207573 207575)
Ionian	0.774 - 0.129	Greece (Rhodes)	H. benoiti (207570) H. hygomii, H. benoiti (207568)
Ionian	0.774 - 0.129	Italy	H. benoiti, H. hygomi (159361)