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Lepraliomorpha

Gymnolaemata - Cheilostomata

Taxonomy
Lepraliomorpha was named by Gordon (1989). It is extant.

It was reranked as the unranked clade Lepraliomorpha by Berning (2006).

It was assigned to Ascophorina by Gordon et al. (1994); to Ascophorina by Berning (2006); and to Ascophora by Schmidt (2003), Guha and Gopikrishna (2007), Zagorsek et al. (2010).

Subtaxa
Smittinoidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1989Lepraliomorpha Gordon
1994Lepraliomorpha Gordon et al.
2003Lepraliomorpha Schmidt
2006Lepraliomorpha Berning p. 76
2007Lepraliomorpha Guha and Gopikrishna
2010Lepraliomorpha Zagorsek et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
phylumBryozoaEhrenberg 1831
classGymnolaemataAllman 1856
orderCheilostomataBusk 1859
suborderNeocheilostominad'Hondt 1985
infraorderAscophorina(Levinsen 1909)
—Lepraliomorpha(Gordon 1989)
—Lepraliomorpha(Gordon 1989)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Lepraliomorpha Gordon 1989
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Superfm. Smittinoidea Levinsen 1909
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Fm. Bitectiporidae MacGillivray 1895
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G. Hippoporina Neviani 1895
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†Hippoporina canui Cipolla 1922
†Hippoporina elongata MacGillivray 1895
†Hippoporina longidens Cipolla 1921
†Hippoporina miocenica Gordon et al. 1994
†Hippoporina oricelata Brown 1952
†Hippoporina praetexta Canu and Bassler 1935
†Hippoporina sinus Brown 1956
†Hippoporina vespertilio Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Schizomavella Canu and Bassler 1917
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Subg. †Schizomavella (Metroperiella) Canu and Bassler 1917
Subg. †Schizomavella (Schizomavella) Canu and Bassler 1917
†Schizomavella aculifera Canu and Lecointre 1928
†Schizomavella decorata Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Schizomavella dubia Brown 1952
†Schizomavella porosa Canu and Bassler 1920
Fm. Smittinidae Levinsen 1909
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G. Hemismittoidea Soule and Soule 1973
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†Hemismittoidea waiorensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
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†Parasmittina auris Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina gujaratica Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina harudiensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina johni Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. †Plagiosmittia Canu and Bassler 1917
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†Plagiosmittia porelloides Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Pleurocodonellina Soule and Soule 1973
G. Smittina Norman 1903
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Subg. Smittina (Reussia) Neviani 1895
Subg. Smittina (Smittina) Bassler 1953
Smittina acaroensis Levinsen 1909
†Smittina bathydonta Brown 1952
†Smittina canavarii Neviani 1900
†Smittina crepidula Brown 1952
Smittina cribraria MacGillivray 1886
†Smittina denticulifera Canu and Bassler 1920
†Smittina eagari Brown 1958
Smittina flexuosa Hutton 1873
†Smittina inarmata Brown 1958
Smittina landsborovii Johnston 1847
†Smittina messiniensis El Hajjaji 1992
†Smittina ordinata MacGillivray 1895
†Smittina parviovicellosa Canu and Bassler 1935
†Smittina perforata Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittina purpurea Hincks 1881
Smittina rogickae Brown 1958
†Smittina trispinosa Johnston 1838
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Smittina unispinosa Waters 1889
†Smittina uttleyi Brown 1958
Invalid names: Smittia Hincks 1879 [replaced]
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†Smittoidea crepidula Brown 1952
Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule 1973
Smittoidea reticulata MacGillivray 1842
Fm. Watersiporidae Vigneaux 1949
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†Watersipora goniostoma Reuss 1848
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: intermediate Mg calciteo
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: oviparouso
Brooding: yeso
Created: 2007-09-18 02:46:35
Modified: 2008-02-27 09:01:45
Source: o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Smith et al. 2006, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (149 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Hippoporina sp. (83238)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (Alabama) Hippoporina midwayaica (83297)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03India (Gujarat) Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (177176)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71India Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (178699)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Hippoporina sp. (42644)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Alabama) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica, Smittina exigua, Smittina coronata, Schizomavella porosa (7331) Smittina angulata, Smittina jacksonica (7316) Smittina jacksonica (7317)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Florida) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Schizomavella granulifera, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica, Smittina strombecki (7322) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica (7324) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina strombecki, Schizomavella porosa (7330) Hippoporina lucens, Schizomavella arborea, Smittina telum, Smittina jacksonica (7332) Hippoporina lucens, Schizomavella granulifera (7327) Plagiosmittia incrustans, Smittina jacksonica (7328) Plagiosmittia regularis (7329) Schizomavella granulifera (7325) Schizomavella granulosa, Smittina jacksonica (7321)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Hippoporina vespertilio, Schizomavella porosa, Smittina denticulifera, Plagiosmittia porelloides (90479 90480) Smittina portentosa (160397)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Florida) Plagiosmittia regularis, Schizomavella granulifera (7318) Schizomavella granulifera (7319)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9New Zealand (North Otago) Parasmittina sp. (172815) Smittoidea sp. 1, Smittoidea sp. 2 (172816)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Mississippi) Smittina angulata, Porella denticulifera (84174)
Runangan36.7 - 34.6New Zealand Smittina crepidula, Hippoporina oricelata, Smittina bathydonta (173838)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Alabama) Hippoporina lucens, Schizomavella arborea, Smittina reticuloides, Smittina telum, Smittina pupa, Smittina tubulata (90528) Smittina ampla (90549 90561 90563) Smittina ampla, Smittina cophia, Smittina granulosa (90562) Smittina granulosa (90551) Smittina tubulata (90548)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Mississippi) Hippoporina lucens (90565) Schizomavella longirostris, Smittina angulata (90547)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04New Zealand (North-West Nelson) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Schizomavella dubia (173837)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina cribraria (173508) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina uttleyi, Smittina inarmata (173512) Hippoporina elongata (173526) Smittina eagari (173527) Smittina ordinata (173509) Smittina sp., Hippoporina incomposita (173510)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany Smittina diplostoma, Smittina sp. (46102)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Fenestrulina praetexta (174147) Smittina parviocellosa (174151)
Miocene - Oligocene23.04 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis (173520 173524) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Hippoporina incomposita, Smittina inarmata, Smittina ordinata (173511) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Hippoporina incomposita, Smittina ordinata (173506) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina inarmata, Smittina ordinata (173528) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina ordinata (173525) Hippoporina incomposita, Plagiosmittia australis, Smittina eagari, Smittina uttleyi, Smittina rogickae (173504) Schizomavella auriculata, Hippoporina pertusa, Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Hippoporina praetexta (173516) Smittina ordinata (173502 173518)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45India (Gujarat) Schizomavella decorata, Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Parasmittina gujaratica (177173)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98India Schizomavella decorata, Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Parasmittina gujaratica (178702) Schizomavella decorata, Parasmittina gujaratica (178703)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333France Hippoporina sp. (127499)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (West Coast) Hippoporina miocenica, Smittoidea crepidula (172797)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Indonesia Smittina sp., Pleurocodonellina sp., Smittoidea pacifica (173651)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Egypt Porella cervicornis (47007)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Smittina sp. (65395)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98India (Gujarat) Schizomavella decorata, Parasmittina gujaratica (177172)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany Schizomavella sp., Smittina cervicornis, Lepraliomorpha indet. 1, Lepraliomorpha indet. 2 (188985)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand Hippoporina pertusa, Smittina purpurea (173830)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Australia (Victoria) Smittina perforata (174139)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Australia (Victoria) Smittina elongata, Smittina seriata (166365)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Czech Republic Prenantia cheilostoma, Smittina cervicornis (178890) Schizomavella tenella (178893 178902) Schizomavella tenella, Smittina cervicornis (178895 178896 178897 178898 178899 178901) Smittina cervicornis (178887 178888 178892)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Romania Schizomavella protuberans, Schizomavella tenella, Smittina cervicornis (178089) Smittina cervicornis (178090)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Indonesia Parasmittina sp. (173650)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Hungary Schizomavella grossipora, Smittina cervicornis (34739)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama Hippoporina aculeata (61342)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Spain Hippoporina sp., Schizomavella sp., Smittoidea sp., Emballotheca longidens, Smittina messiniensis, Watersipora goniostoma (178465) Schizomavella auriculata (177481) Schizomavella auriculata, Emballotheca longidens, Schismoporella aculifera, Hippoporina canui, Hippoporina odontostoma, Smittina marionensis, Watersipora goniostoma (177486) Schizomavella auriculata, Hippoporina canui, Smittina marionensis, Watersipora goniostoma (177485) Schizomavella linearis, Hippoporina canui, Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177482) Smittina cervicornis (177479) Smittoidea reticulata (177480)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79785)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Morocco Porella cervicornis (70928) Schizomavella sp., Smittina sp., Schizomavella linearis (34723) Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (34724)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Schismoporella aculifera (69864) Schizomavella aculifera (70785)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Greece (Rhodes) Watersipora complanata, Watersipora subovoidea, Schizomavella auriculata (122994)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Panama (Bocas del Toro) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina areolata (79982)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Portugal Metroperiella sp., Schizomavella triaviculata, Smittoidea sp. (152330)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Spain Emballotheca longidens, Schismoporella aculifera, Hippoporina odontostoma, Smittina canavarii, Smittina marionensis, Smittoidea reticulata (177489) Schizomavella auriculata, Emballotheca longidens, Schizomavella linearis, Hippoporina canui, Smittina cervicornis (177490) Schizomavella linearis, Smittina canavarii, Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177491)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Australia (South Australia) Hippoporina sinus (172913) Smittina trispinosa (172911)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58New Zealand Hippoporina lancifera, Schizomavella cinctipora, Hippoporina waipukurensis (173737) Hippoporina lancifera, Smittina trispinosa, Schizomavella cinctipora, Hippoporina waipukurensis (173740) Hippoporina lancifera, Smittina trispinosa, Schizomavella cinctipora, Smittina flexuosa (173739) Schizomavella cinctipora (173741) Smittina trispinosa (173738)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Antarctica Smittina gibbera (41576) Smittina sp. (41578)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Smittina sp. (237381)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Jamaica Smittina ophidiana (58522)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas) Hippoporina n. sp. 1, Parasmittina areolata, Parasmittina parsevaliformis (79983) Parasmittina sp. (79989) Smittoidea maleposita (79772)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas del Toro) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina areolata (91901) Hippoporina sp. (79998) Parasmittina crosslandi (61339)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece Smittina canavarii, Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (71243)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Italy Schizomavella cornuta, Schizomavella sp. A, Schizomavella rudis, Schizomavella teresae (146291) Schizomavella cornuta, Schizomavella rudis (146292) Schizomavella cornuta, Schizomavella sp. A, Schizomavella rudis (146293) Watersipora sp. (176385)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (North Carolina) Hippoporina pertusa (60986 60987 60988 60989)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Costa Rica (Limon) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 7 (79835) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 3 (79845) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79842) Smittoidea pacifica (79844)
Castlecliffian1.63 - 0.34New Zealand Schizomavella cinctipora, Smittina acaroensis (173733) Smittina flexuosa, Smittina unispinosa (173734)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Smittina discoidea (202634)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greenland Smittina majuscula (75197) Smittoidea sp. (75200)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Parasmittina trispinosa (81751)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Hippoporina porosa (57702 57703)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Parasmittina trispinosa (60927 60928)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Barbados Parasmittina ophidiana (148714)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Hippoporina sp., Parasmittina spathulata (97607) Hippoporina sp., Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina sp., Smittina signata, Smittina smittiella (97610) Parasmittina sp., Smittina smittiella (97606) Parasmittina spathulata (97608)