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Syngnathus (pipefish)
Taxonomy
Syngnathus was named by Linnaeus (1758) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-m-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 2]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Lophobranchi by Agassiz (1835); to Syngnathinae by Jerzmanska (1968); to Gasterosteiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Hipposyngnathinae by Fierstine et al. (2012); and to Syngnathidae by Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Arambourg (1925), Arambourg (1927), David (1943), Danil'chenko (1960), Pedley (1978), Fritzsche (1980), Bedini et al. (1986), Gaudant et al. (1996), Gaudant et al. (2005), Gaudant et al. (2006), Bannikov (2014), Gaudant and Courme (2014), Argyriou (2022).
It was assigned to Lophobranchi by Agassiz (1835); to Syngnathinae by Jerzmanska (1968); to Gasterosteiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Hipposyngnathinae by Fierstine et al. (2012); and to Syngnathidae by Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Arambourg (1925), Arambourg (1927), David (1943), Danil'chenko (1960), Pedley (1978), Fritzsche (1980), Bedini et al. (1986), Gaudant et al. (1996), Gaudant et al. (2005), Gaudant et al. (2006), Bannikov (2014), Gaudant and Courme (2014), Argyriou (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Syngnathus Linnaeus p. 336 |
| 1810 | Siphonostoma Rafinesque |
| 1810 | Siphostoma Rafinesque |
| 1835 | Syngnathus Agassiz p. 38ff |
| 1863 | Dermatostethus Gill |
| 1919 | Syngnathus Jordan and Gilbert p. 34 |
| 1925 | Syngnathus Arambourg p. 90 |
| 1927 | Syngnathus Arambourg p. 51 |
| 1927 | Syrictes Jordan and Evermann |
| 1943 | Syngnathus David p. 84 |
| 1960 | Syngnathus Danil'chenko p. 85 |
| 1968 | Syngnathus Jerzmanska p. 440 |
| 1978 | Syngnathus Pedley p. 76 |
| 1980 | Syngnathus Fritzsche p. 198 |
| 1986 | Syngnathus Bedini et al. p. 50 |
| 1996 | Syngnathus Gaudant et al. p. 140 |
| 2002 | Syngnathus Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Syngnathus Gaudant et al. p. 692 |
| 2006 | Syngnathus Gaudant et al. p. 797 |
| 2012 | Syngnathus Fierstine et al. p. 94 |
| 2014 | Syngnathus Bannikov p. 27 |
| 2014 | Syngnathus Gaudant and Courme p. 208 |
| 2022 | Syngnathus Argyriou p. 119 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 [pipefish]
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†Syngnathus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Syngnathus altus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus avus Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Syngnathus breviculus Blainville 1818
Syngnathus californiensis Storer 1848
Syngnathus carinatus Gilbert 1892
†Syngnathus emeritus Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus euchrous euchrous Fritzsche 1980
†Syngnathus incertus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus incompletus Cosmovici 1887
Syngnathus insulae Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard 1854
Syngnathus macrobrachium Fritzsche 1980
†Syngnathus opisthopterus Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Dermatostethus Gill 1863 [synonym], Siphonostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Siphostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Syrictes Jordan and Evermann 1927 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rupelian to the top of the Gelasian or 33.90000 to 1.80000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Collections (46 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Russian Federation (Adygeia) | Syngnathus incertus (105572) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Syngnathus sp., Syngnathus incompletus (68021) | |
| Rupelian | Romania | Syngnathus incertus, Syngnathus altus, Syngnathus incompletus (113962) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | Russian Federation | Syngnathus altus (186461) | |
| Aquitanian | Azerbaijan | Syngnathus altus (116633) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Syngnathus avus (186018) | |
| Burdigalian | Azerbaijan | Syngnathus sp. (116635) | |
| Burdigalian | Czechia (Moravia) | Syngnathus sp. (222391) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Syngnathus sp. (85313) | |
| Langhian | Cyprus | Syngnathus albyi (66957) | |
| Middle Miocene | Italy | Syngnathus albyi (185486) | |
| Tortonian | Greece (Crete) | Syngnathus kaehsbaueri, Syngnathus albyi (207356) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Syngnathus albyi (185752) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Syngnathus emeritus (204559) | |
| Tortonian | Malta | Syngnathus sp. (210639) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | Syngnathus avus (91023 152598 179733 234629) | |
| Messinian | Greece | Syngnathus albyi (207361) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Sicile) | Syngnathus albyi (210669) | |
| Messinian | Greece (Crete) | Syngnathus albyi (207364 207365) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Sicily) | Syngnathus albyi (186578) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | Syngnathus albyi (186583 186585 219784) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Syngnathus albyi (59256) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | Syngnathus albyi (186581) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Syngnathus albyi (185692 186575 186576 186577 210251 210640) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Cyprus | Syngnathus albyi (185663) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Syngnathus acus (210256) Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus phlegon, Syngnathus sp. (210257) Syngnathus sp. (210255) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Italy | Syngnathus acus (145678 145680) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece | Syngnathus sp. (51511) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Syngnathus albyi (207303) Syngnathus sp. (207357) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Syngnathus acus (57058) | |
| Gelasian | Italy (Bologna) | Syngnathus acusu (186574) |