PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Dentex

Actinopteri - Perciformes - Sparidae

Taxonomy

Dentex was named by Cuvier (1815) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 560]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Otolithus (Dentex) by Basoli (1906).

It was assigned to Sparoidei by Agassiz (1835); to Otolithus by Basoli (1906); to Lutianidae by Leriche (1926); to Denticinae by Steurbaut (1979), Steurbaut (1984); to Perciformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Sparidae by Casier (1966), Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea (2003), Schwarzhans (2007), Bannikov (2014); and to Sparidae by Arambourg (1927), Casier (1946), Heinrich (1969), Stinton and Nolf (1970), Schwarzhans (1978), Schwarzhans (1980), Nolf and Steurbaut (1983), Schwarzhans et al. (2017).

Species

D. (Cheimerius), D. (Polysteganus), D. balonggensis, D. barbarus, D. breviceps, D. crassispinus, D. elegans, D. faujasii, D. gregarius, D. leptacanthus, D. microdon, D. nobilis, D. pentagonalis, D. pulcher, D. subnobilis, D. tardinensis, D. ventralis, Otolithus (Dentex) dubius

Species lacking formal opinion data

D. macroccanus, D. macrophthalmus, D. maroccanus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1815	Dentex Cuvier
1835	Dentex Agassiz p. 39ff
1906	Otolithus (Dentex) Basoli
1926	Dentex Leriche p. 445
1927	Dentex Arambourg p. 139
1946	Dentex Casier p. 136
1966	Dentex Casier p. 445
1969	Dentex Heinrich p. 35
1970	Dentex Stinton and Nolf p. 228
1978	Dentex Schwarzhans p. 35
1979	Dentex Steurbaut p. 72
1980	Dentex Schwarzhans p. 208
1983	Dentex Nolf and Steurbaut p. 184
1984	Dentex Steurbaut p. 92
2002	Dentex Sepkoski
2003	Dentex Vicens and Rodríguez-Perea p. 127
2007	Dentex Schwarzhans p. 347
2014	Dentex Bannikov p. 28
2017	Dentex Schwarzhans et al. p. 452

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
superclass	Actinopterygii	()
class	Actinopteri	()
subclass	Neopterygii	(Regan 1923)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Teleosteomorpha
—	Teleostei	(Müller 1846)
—	Teleocephala	de Pinna 1996
—	Clupeocephala	Patterson and Rosen 1977
—	Euteleostei	Rosen 1973
superorder	Acanthopterygii
—	Percomorpha
—	Ovalentaria	Smith and Near 2012
order	Perciformes	Bleeker 1859
family	Sparidae	Bonaparte 1832
genus	Dentex	Cuvier 1815

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Dentex Cuvier 1815

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Subg. †Dentex (Cheimerius) Smith 1938

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†Dentex (Cheimerius) gibbosus Nofl and Steurbaut 1979

Subg. Dentex (Polysteganus) Klunzinger 1870

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†Dentex (Polysteganus) gregarius Nolf and Steurbaut 1979

†Dentex (Polysteganus) macropthalmus Bloch 1791

†Dentex (Polysteganus) perneri Sulc 1932

†Dentex balonggensis Vorstman 1927

†Dentex barbarus Arambourg 1927

†Dentex breviceps Agassiz 1839

†Dentex crassispinus Agassiz 1839

†Dentex elegans Prochazka 1893

†Dentex faujasii Agassiz 1839

Dentex gregarius Koken 1891

†Dentex leptacanthus Agassiz 1835

†Dentex microdon Agassiz 1839

†Dentex nobilis Koken 1891

†Dentex nobilis miocenia Weiler 1950

†Dentex pentagonalis Stinton 1957

†Dentex pulcher Frost 1934

†Dentex subnobilis Schubert 1906

†Dentex tardinensis Leriche 1908

†Dentex ventralis Agassiz 1839

†Otolithus (Dentex) dubius Priem 1906

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Created:

2009-07-20 21:38:14

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:38:14

Source: o = order, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma

Collections (50 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Italy	D. microdon, D. ventralis (94830)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Belgium	D. dubius (219008)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Germany (Lower Saxony,)	D. sp., Haemulidarum pulcher (188954)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	United Kingdom (England)	D. ovatus (41992 41996)
Bortonian	42.6 - 39.1	New Zealand (South Island)	D. sp. (205332)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	United Kingdom (England)	Otolithus nobilis (42636 42639)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	France	Cantharus perneri (222677)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Germany	D. gregarius (95898)
Oligocene - Miocene	33.9 - 5.333	New Zealand (South Island)	D. subnobilis (205843)
Duntroonian	27.3 - 25.2	New Zealand (Otago)	D. subnobilis (85548)
Duntroonian	27.3 - 25.2	New Zealand (South Island)	D. sp. (219615 219616)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	France	D. maroccanus (219194)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Hungary	D. gregarius (184477)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	India	D. sp. (78641)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Costa Rica	D. fossilis (187875)
Neogene	23.04 - 2.58	Indonesia (Aceh)	D. tardinensis (223639)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	France	D. gregarius (220042 220043) D. maroccanus (219196)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Spain (Mallorca)	D. sp. (155253)
Altonian	18.7 - 15.9	New Zealand	D. subnobilis (67899 67900)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	France	D. fossilis (90354) D. maroccanus (219197)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Czechia (Mikulov)	D. maroccanus, D. gibbosus (161993 161994 161995)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Poland	D. sp. (162017)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Slovakia (Bratislava)	D. sp. (161996)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Belgium	D. sp. (208831)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Italy	D. macroccanus (70491 78437) D. macrophthalmus, D. gregarius (178120)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Germany	D. nobilis (223566)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Algeria (Oran)	D. barbarus (59256)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Algeria	D. barbarus (186631)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Italy (Provinz Siena)	D. elegans (138094)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Greece (Peloponnese)	D. macrophthalmus, D. maroccanus, D. gibbosus (207769)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Italy	D. munsteri (96775)
Gelasian	2.58 - 1.8	Greece (Rhodes)	D. macrophthalmus (207579) D. maroccanus (207580)
Gelasian - Calabrian	2.58 - 0.774	Greece (Rhodes)	D. dentex, D. gibbosus (207571) D. sp. (207569)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.129	Italy	D. maroccanus (159378)
Calabrian	1.8 - 0.774	Italy	D. maroccanus (159288)
Ionian	0.774 - 0.129	Greece (Rhodes)	D. sp. (207568)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene	0.129 - 0.0	Spain	D. sp. (215661)