PBDB Taxon

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Anchitheridae (anchitheriine horse)

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Anchitheridae

Taxonomy

Anchitheridae was named by Leidy (1869) [sometimes attributed to Osborn 1910]. It was considered paraphyletic by MacFadden (1998).

It was reranked as the subfamily Anchitheriinae by Osborn and Wortman (1892), Osborn and Wortman (1895), Gidley (1907), Quinn (1955), Forsten (1975), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Prado and Alberdi (1996) and MacFadden (1998).

It was assigned to Solidungula by Leidy (1869); to Solidungula by Leidy (1873); and to Equidae by Osborn and Wortman (1892), Osborn and Wortman (1895), Gidley (1907), Quinn (1955), Forsten (1975), Prothero and Schoch (1989), Prado and Alberdi (1996) and MacFadden (1998).

Subtaxa

Limnohyus

Synonyms

Anchitherium australe was named by Leidy (1873) [or "australe"]. It is a 3D body fossil.

It was corrected as Anchitherium australis by Leidy (1873) and Stirton (1940); it was recombined as Mesohippus australis by Roger (1896) and Trouessart (1898); it was synonymized subjectively with Anchippus texanus by Matthew (1899); it was recombined as Miohippus australis by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Hypohippus australis by Osborn (1904); it was recombined as Parahippus australis by Osborn (1918), Hay (1930) and Schlaikjer (1937); it was synonymized subjectively with Hypohippus affinis by Forsten (1975); it was considered a nomen dubium by MacFadden (1982) and Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Kalobatippus australis by MacFadden (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1869	Anchitheridae Leidy p. 302
1873	Anchitherium australis Leidy
1873	Anchitherium australe Leidy p. 250
1873	Anchitheridae Leidy p. 322
1892	Anchitheriinae Osborn and Wortman p. 93
1895	Anchitheriinae Osborn and Wortman p. 352
1896	Mesohippus australis Roger
1898	Mesohippus australis Trouessart
1902	Miohippus australis Hay p. 613
1904	Hypohippus australis Osborn p. 168
1907	Anchitheriinae Gidley p. 867
1918	Parahippus australis Osborn p. 85 fig. 60
1930	Parahippus australis Hay
1937	Parahippus australis Schlaikjer p. 271
1940	Anchitherium australis Stirton p. 174
1955	Anchitheriinae Quinn p. 12
1975	Anchitheriinae Forsten p. 3
1989	Anchitheriinae Prothero and Schoch p. 531
1996	Anchitheriinae Prado and Alberdi p. 676
1998	Kalobatippus australis MacFadden
1998	Anchitheriinae MacFadden p. 544

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
suborder	Solidungula	(Cuvier)
family	Anchitheridae
family	Anchitheridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Anchitheridae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]

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G. †Limnohyus Leidy 1872

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
J. W. Gidley 1907	Teethbrachyodoiat; molariformpremolarsthree; digit formula 3-3; 5th digit on fore foot vestigial; 1st digit of fore foot not represented inknownforms; lateraltoes,sofarasknoSwn,reachingtheground; orbit not closed behind.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

browsero

Diet 2:

grazero

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 13:57:26

Modified:

2005-08-26 15:57:26

Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Collections

No collection or age range data are available