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Dolichorhynchops
Taxonomy
Dolichorhynchops was named by Williston (1902) [Sepkoski's age data: K l K Sn]. It is the type genus of Dolichorhynchopidae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Trinacromerum by Williston (1908), Hay (1930).
It was assigned to Dolichorhynchopidae by Welles (1962); to Pliosauridae by Carroll (1988); to Plesiosauria by Williston (1903), Sepkoski (2002); to Polycotylidae by Thurmond (1968), Carpenter (1996), Carpenter (1997), O'Keefe (2001), O'Keefe (2004), Sato (2005), O'Keefe (2008), Ketchum and Benson (2010); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); to Polycotyilnae by Schmeisser McKean (2012); to Polycotylinae by Albright et al. (2007), Persons IV et al. (2022); and to Dolichorhynchia by Clark et al. (2024).
It was synonymized subjectively with Trinacromerum by Williston (1908), Hay (1930).
It was assigned to Dolichorhynchopidae by Welles (1962); to Pliosauridae by Carroll (1988); to Plesiosauria by Williston (1903), Sepkoski (2002); to Polycotylidae by Thurmond (1968), Carpenter (1996), Carpenter (1997), O'Keefe (2001), O'Keefe (2004), Sato (2005), O'Keefe (2008), Ketchum and Benson (2010); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); to Polycotyilnae by Schmeisser McKean (2012); to Polycotylinae by Albright et al. (2007), Persons IV et al. (2022); and to Dolichorhynchia by Clark et al. (2024).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1869 | Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus Seeley p. 17 |
| 1885 | Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus Schröder p. 315 |
| 1902 | Dolichorhynchops Williston pp. 243-244 |
| 1903 | Dolichorhynchops Williston p. 12 |
| 1908 | Trinacromerum latimanus Williston p. 732 fig. 15 |
| 1911 | Polycotylus ichthyospondylus Bogolubov p. 320 |
| 1915 | Trinacromerum ichthyospondylus Pravoslavlev p. 12 |
| 1930 | Trinacromerum latimanus Hay p. 117 |
| 1962 | Dolichorhynchops Welles pp. 4 & 62 |
| 1968 | Dolichorhynchops Thurmond p. 1296 |
| 1988 | Dolichorhynchops Carroll |
| 1996 | Dolichorhynchops Carpenter p. 270 |
| 1997 | Polycotylus ichthyospondylus Adams p. 182 |
| 1997 | Trinacromerum latimanus Adams p. 182 |
| 1997 | Dolichorhynchops Carpenter p. 215 |
| 2001 | Dolichorhynchops O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20 |
| 2002 | Dolichorhynchops Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Dolichorhynchops O'Keefe p. 336 figs. Fig. 11 |
| 2005 | Dolichorhynchops Sato p. 970 |
| 2007 | Dolichorhynchops Albright et al. p. 47 |
| 2008 | Dolichorhynchops O'Keefe p. 665 |
| 2010 | Dolichorhynchops Ketchum and Benson p. 15 |
| 2012 | Dolichorhynchops Otero et al. |
| 2012 | Dolichorhynchops Schmeisser McKean |
| 2022 | Dolichorhynchops Persons IV et al. |
| 2024 | Dolichorhynchops Clark et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Dolichorhynchops Williston 1902
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†Dolichorhynchops herschelensis Sato 2005
†Dolichorhynchops osborni Williston 1902
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Invalid names: Polycotylus osborni Watson 1951 [synonym]
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus Seeley 1869 [nomen vanum], Trinacromerum latimanus Williston 1908 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| T. Sato 2005 | "Slender teeth with fine striation, short and wide supratemporal fenestra, vertical suspensorium, anterior projection of cultriform process into the interpterygoid vacuity, short extension of the pterygoid posterior to the interpterygoid vacuity, short quadrate process of pterygoid, chevron facets on posterior edge of centrum, straight ilium. Dolichorhynchops was monospecific until the current study. Only the features that are confirmed in D. osborni (Carpenter, 1996; O'Keefe, 2004) and the new species are listed above as diagnostic." | |
| R. Schmeisser McKean 2012 | Short and high sagittal crest, short and wide temporal fenestra, vertical suspensorium, ectopterygoid lacking an anterior process, broadened posterior end of parasphenoid, pterygoid extends posterior to interpterygoid vacuity, 17-20 pairs of teeth in mandibular symphysis, 19e21 cervical vertebrae, posterior bend in midshaft of scapula, epipodials shorter than broad, lateral spur on coracoids. | |
| R. O. Clark et al. 2024 | Small dolichorhynchian polycotyline plesiosaur possessing the following synapomorphies: premaxillae gradually taper to a point before their posterior suture with the parietals on the skull roof, surangular fossa dorsomedially facing and bounded ventrally by a prominent longitudinal crest, ilium in lateral or medial view widest at its acetabular end and narrows along its shaft toward its sacral end. Also exhibits the following unique combination of traits: frontal has short anterior extension into the rostrum, parietal crest high and arched, suspensorium vertical, teeth gracile with small ridges. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Coniacian to the top of the Judithian or 89.80000 to 72.20000 Ma
Collections (14 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turonian - Coniacian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus (227272) | |
| Turonian - Coniacian | Poland (Warmińsko-Mazurskie) | Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus (227270 227271) | |
| Turonian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Polycotylidae indet. (31690) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | D. osborni (117856) | |
| Santonian | Canada (Manitoba) | D. sp. ROM 29010 (107803) | |
| Santonian | USA (Kansas) | D. osborni (117851) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | D. osborni (106333) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | D. osborni (77316 117861) | |
| Judithian | USA (Wyoming) | D. sp. (14465 14480) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | D. osborni (117860) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | D. herschelensis (100237) |