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Pseudorca (false killer whale)
Taxonomy
Pseudorca was named by Reinhardt (1862) [Sepkoski's age data: Q Plei-l R]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Orca (Pseudorca) by Flower (1864).
It was assigned to Orca by Flower (1864); to Phocaenina by Gray (1868); to Pseudorcaina by Gray (1871); to Orcinae by Brandt (1874); to Globicipites by Winge (1921); to Orcini by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Delphininae by Flower (1867), Gill (1871), Gill (1872), Weber (1928), Scheffer and Rice (1963); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Orcininae by Kasuya (1973), McKenna and Bell (1997), Buchholtz and Schur (2004), Bianucci (2005); to Delphinidae by Gray (1866), Gray (1870), Scott (1873), Ameghino (1889), Newton (1891), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Matsumoto (1926), Kellogg (1928), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Hershkovitz (1966), Barnes (1977), Stacey et al. (1994), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Uhen et al. (2008), Fordyce and Roberts (2009), Murakami et al. (2014), Pillola and Zoboli (2014); and to Globicephalinae by Vidal (1991), LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2009), Perrin et al. (2013), Marx et al. (2016), Bianucci et al. (2022).
It was reranked as Orca (Pseudorca) by Flower (1864).
It was assigned to Orca by Flower (1864); to Phocaenina by Gray (1868); to Pseudorcaina by Gray (1871); to Orcinae by Brandt (1874); to Globicipites by Winge (1921); to Orcini by Fraser and Purves (1960); to Delphininae by Flower (1867), Gill (1871), Gill (1872), Weber (1928), Scheffer and Rice (1963); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Orcininae by Kasuya (1973), McKenna and Bell (1997), Buchholtz and Schur (2004), Bianucci (2005); to Delphinidae by Gray (1866), Gray (1870), Scott (1873), Ameghino (1889), Newton (1891), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Matsumoto (1926), Kellogg (1928), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Hershkovitz (1966), Barnes (1977), Stacey et al. (1994), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Uhen et al. (2008), Fordyce and Roberts (2009), Murakami et al. (2014), Pillola and Zoboli (2014); and to Globicephalinae by Vidal (1991), LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2009), Perrin et al. (2013), Marx et al. (2016), Bianucci et al. (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1862 | Pseudorca Reinhardt p. 103 figs. Figs. 1-4 |
| 1864 | Orca (Pseudorca) Flower |
| 1866 | Pseudorca Gray p. 290 |
| 1867 | Pseudorca Flower p. 115 |
| 1868 | Pseudorca Gray p. 8 |
| 1870 | Pseudorca Gray p. 772 |
| 1871 | Pseudorca Gill p. 125 |
| 1871 | Neorca Gray |
| 1871 | Pseudorca Gray p. 79 |
| 1872 | Pseudorca Gill p. 95 |
| 1873 | Pseudorca Scott p. 91 |
| 1874 | Pseudorca Brandt p. 47 |
| 1889 | Pseudorca Ameghino p. 886 |
| 1891 | Pseudorca Newton p. 77 |
| 1904 | Neorca Palmer p. 454 |
| 1904 | Pseudorca Palmer p. 592 |
| 1904 | Pseudorca Trouessart p. 770 |
| 1912 | Pseudorca Turner p. 113 |
| 1921 | Pseudorca Winge p. 36 |
| 1925 | Pseudorca Zittel p. 87 |
| 1926 | Pseudorca Matsumoto p. 23 |
| 1928 | Pseudorca Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1 |
| 1928 | Pseudorca Weber p. 389 |
| 1945 | Pseudorca Simpson p. 104 |
| 1951 | Pseudorca Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 738 |
| 1952 | Pseudorca Sherman p. 99 |
| 1960 | Pseudorca Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26 |
| 1963 | Pseudorca Scheffer and Rice p. 8 |
| 1966 | Pseudorca Hershkovitz p. 78 |
| 1973 | Pseudorca Kasuya p. 61 |
| 1977 | Pseudorca Barnes p. 323 figs. Table 1 |
| 1991 | Pseudorca Vidal p. 5 |
| 1994 | Pseudorca Stacey et al. p. 101 |
| 1997 | Pseudorca McKenna and Bell p. 384 |
| 1998 | Pseudorca yuanliensis Chang and Cheng |
| 1998 | Pseudorca Rice p. 117 |
| 1999 | Pseudorca LeDuc et al. p. 639 figs. Figure 2 |
| 2001 | Pseudorca Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179 |
| 2002 | Pseudorca Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Pseudorca Buchholtz and Schur p. 384 |
| 2005 | Pseudorca Bianucci p. 340 |
| 2005 | Pseudorca Mead and Brownell p. 731 |
| 2008 | Pseudorca Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 2 |
| 2008 | Pseudorca Uhen et al. p. 593 |
| 2008 | Pseudorca Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 227 |
| 2009 | Pseudorca Aguirre-Fernández et al. |
| 2009 | Pseudorca Fordyce and Roberts p. 553 |
| 2013 | Pseudorca Perrin et al. p. 571 figs. Table 1 |
| 2014 | Pseudorca Murakami et al. p. 502 figs. Figure 7 |
| 2014 | Pseudorca Pillola and Zoboli p. 126 |
| 2016 | Pseudorca Marx et al. p. 140 |
| 2022 | Pseudorca Bianucci et al. p. 1848 figs. Figure 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Pseudorca Reinhardt 1862 [false killer whale]
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Pseudorca crassidens Owen 1846 [false killer whale]
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Invalid names: Globicephalus grayi Burmeister 1869 [synonym], Orca (Pseudorca) meridionalis Flower 1864 [synonym], Orca destructor Cope 1866 [synonym], Orca meridionalis Flower 1864 [synonym], Pseudorca mediterranea Giglioli 1882 [synonym]
†Pseudorca yokoyamai Matsumoto 1926
Invalid names: Neorca Gray 1871 [synonym], Pseudorca yuanliensis Chang and Cheng 1998 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Uhen 2004, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Waipipian to the top of the Holocene or 3.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Collections (29 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Pseudorca sp. (52582) | |
| Pliocene | Japan (Chiba) | Pseudorca yokoyamai (46044) | |
| Waipipian | New Zealand (Hawera) | Pseudorca sp. (28039) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | New Zealand (South Island) | Pseudorca sp. (87896) | |
| Piacenzian | Taiwan | Pseudorca yuanliensis (153831) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Chiba) | Pseudorca yokoyamai (76020) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kanagawa) | Pseudorca yokoyamai (76024) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand | Pseudorca sp. (74757) | |
| Calabrian | Japan (Kanagawa) | Pseudorca yokoyamai (46043) | |
| Ionian | Greece (Rhodes) | Pseudorca sp. (207570) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Pseudorca crassidens (77754) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (South Carolina) | Pseudorca crassidens (79757) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Phocaena crassidens (58109) | |
| Holocene | Italy | Pseudorca crassidens (168186 196905) Pseudorca sp. (191282) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Baja California) | Pseudorca crassidens (75142) | |
| Holocene | Peru | Pseudorca crassidens (168183) | |
| Holocene | USA (Oregon) | Pseudorca crassidens (168182) | |
| Holocene | Portugal | Pseudorca crassidens (168179) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Pseudorca crassidens (168176) | |
| Holocene | Brazil | Pseudorca crassidens (168180) | |
| Holocene | India | Pseudorca crassidens (168175) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom (England) | Pseudorca crassidens (238897) | |
| Holocene | Namibia | Pseudorca crassidens (168178) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Pseudorca crassidens (168181) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand | Pseudorca crassidens (168184) | |
| Holocene | Japan | Pseudorca crassidens (54129 168185) |