PBDB Taxon

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Hydrodamalis (Steller's sea cow)

Osteichthyes - Sirenia - Dugongidae

Taxonomy

Hydrodamalis was named by Retzius (1794) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio-l R].

It was synonymized subjectively with Rhytina by Trouessart (1898).

It was assigned to Hydrodamalidae by Hay (1902), Palmer (1904), Kretzoi (1941); to Dugongidae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Sirenia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Hydrodamalinae by Simpson (1932), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Heal (1973), Domning (1978), Furusawa and Kohno (1994), Domning (1994), Domning (1996), Rice (1998), Furusawa (2005), Domning (2008), Voss (2014), Berta (2017), Domning (2018).

Species

Haligyna borealis, H. cuestae (syn. H. spissa), H. gigas (syn. Rhytina borealis, Manati balaenurus, H. stelleri, Rhytina stellerus, Rytina cetacea)

Synonyms

Manati was named by Steller (1774). It is not extant.

It was replaced with Hydrodamalis by Melville (1985), Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Hydrodamalidae by Palmer (1904).
Rytina was named by Illiger (1811).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Forsten and Youngman (1982), Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Sirenia by Illiger (1811); to Sirenia by Fischer (1829); to Manatidae by Gray (1850), Gray (1866); and to Hydrodamalidae by Palmer (1904).
Sirene was named by Link (1794). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Hydrodamalidae by Palmer (1904).
Dystomus was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1813).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Domning (1996).
Nepus was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1814). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Forsten and Youngman (1982), Domning (1996).
Stellerus was named by Desmarest (1822).

It was synonymized subjectively with Rhytina by Trouessart (1898); it was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Forsten and Youngman (1982), Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Halicoridae by Gray (1825).
Rhytina was named by Berthold (1827). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Hay (1902), Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Sirenia by Brandt (1849); to Herbivora by Bronn (1853); to Manatidae by Scott (1873); to Halicoridae by Trouessart (1898); to Rhytinidae by Pictet (1853), Gill (1872), Lydekker (1887), Turner (1912); to Halicorinae by Abel (1919); and to Sirenia by Zittel (1925).
Haligyna was named by Billberg (1827). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hydrodamalis by Domning (1996).
Rhytine was named by Burmeister (1837). It is not extant.

It was synonymized objectively with Hydrodamalis by Domning (1996).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1774	Manati Steller p. 97
1794	Sirene Link p. 67
1794	Hydrodamalis Retzius p. 292
1811	Rytina Illiger p. 141
1813	Dystomus Fischer von Waldheim pp. 15, 19
1814	Nepus Fischer von Waldheim p. 640
1822	Stellerus Desmarest p. 510
1825	Stellerus Gray p. 341
1827	Rhytina Berthold p. 62
1827	Haligyna Billberg pp. 1, 33
1829	Rytina Fischer p. 503
1837	Rhytine Burmeister p. 793
1849	Rhytina Brandt p. 1
1850	Rytina Gray p. 143
1853	Rhytina Bronn p. 792
1853	Rhytina Pictet p. 375
1866	Rytina Gray p. 365
1872	Rhytina Gill p. 92
1873	Rhytina Scott p. 55
1887	Rhytina Lydekker p. 15
1898	Rhytina Trouessart p. 1008
1902	Hydrodamalis Hay p. 584
1904	Hydrodamalis Palmer p. 335
1904	Manati Palmer p. 398
1904	Rytina Palmer p. 614
1904	Sirene Palmer p. 633
1912	Rhytina Turner p. 158
1919	Rhytina Abel p. 835
1925	Rhytina Zittel p. 266
1932	Hydrodamalis Simpson p. 424
1941	Hydrodamalis Kretzoi p. 155
1963	Hydrodamalis Scheffer and Rice p. 4
1973	Hydrodamalis Heal p. 200
1978	Hydrodamalis Domning
1980	Hydrodamalis Kurten and Anderson p. 340
1994	Hydrodamalis Domning p. 189
1994	Hydrodamalis Furusawa and Kohno p. 27
1996	Hydrodamalis Domning p. 389
1998	Hydrodamalis Rice p. 132
2002	Hydrodamalis Sepkoski
2005	Hydrodamalis Furusawa p. 31
2008	Hydrodamalis Domning
2014	Hydrodamalis Voss p. 91 figs. Figure 3
2017	Hydrodamalis Berta p. 171
2018	Hydrodamalis Domning p. 857 figs. Fig. 1

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
superorder	Afrotheria
—	Paenungulatomorpha
superorder	Paenungulata
—	Tethytheria
order	Sirenia	()
family	Dugongidae
subfamily	Hydrodamalinae	()
genus	Hydrodamalis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hydrodamalis Retzius 1794 [Steller's sea cow]

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†Hydrodamalis cuestae Domning 1978 [Cuesta sea cow]

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Invalid names: Hydrodamalis spissa Furusawa 1988 [synonym]

†Hydrodamalis gigas Zimmermann 1780 [Steller's sea cow]

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Invalid names: Hydrodamalis stelleri Retzius 1794 [synonym], Manati balaenurus Boddaert 1785 [synonym], Rhytina borealis Brandt 1849 [synonym], Rhytina stellerus Brandt 1849 [synonym], Rytina cetacea Illiger 1815 [synonym]

Invalid names: Dystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1813 [synonym], Haligyna Billberg 1827 [synonym], Manati Steller 1774 [replaced], Nepus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Rhytina Berthold 1827 [synonym], Rhytine Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Rytina Illiger 1811 [synonym], Sirene Link 1794 [synonym], Stellerus Desmarest 1822 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinef

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

aquaticf

Diet:

herbivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Domning 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 9.40000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (49 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Japan (Hokkaido)	Hydrodamalis sp. (204973)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (50069)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (52220)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (52223)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Japan (Hokkaido)	Hydrodamalis spissa (56358 204972)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Japan	Hydrodamalis spissa (65242)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Japan (Yamagata)	Hydrodamalis sp. (102184)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Japan (Hokkaido)	Sirenia indet. (45803)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (50068)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Japan (Hokkaido)	Hydrodamalis sp. (75988 204970 204971)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Japan (Ishikawa)	Hydrodamalis sp. (204969)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Japan (Hokkaido)	Hydrodamalis sp. (204968)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (52221 52227)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Japan (Shizuoka)	Hydrodamalis sp. (76039)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Japan (Nagano)	Hydrodamalis sp. (52231 110133)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Mexico (Baja California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (52229) Hydrodamalis sp. (52230)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Japan (Niigata)	Hydrodamalis sp. (89861)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis cuestae (13451 19703 52218 52219)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Japan	Hydrodamalis sp. (38499 65241)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Japan (Kanagawa)	Hydrodamalis sp. (204966)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	Japan (Hokkaido)	Hydrodamalis sp. (204965 204967)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis sp. (66059)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Russian Federation	Rhytina stelleri (106312)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Japan	Hydrodamalis sp. (240898)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Japan (Chiba)	Hydrodamalis gigas (65240)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Alaska)	Hydrodamalis gigas (52243)
Rancholabrean	0.21 - 0.014	USA (California)	Hydrodamalis gigas (65166 84898)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Japan (Hokkaido)	Hydrodamalis gigas (65401) Hydrodamalis sp. (56376)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Russian Federation	Hydrodamalis gigas (65244 70584)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (Alaska)	Hydrodamalis gigas (70585 70586 70587 70588 164374 220460)