PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Geospiza (Darwin's finch)

Osteichthyes - Passeriformes - Thraupidae

Taxonomy

Geospiza was named by Gould (1837). It is extant.

It was assigned to Thraupidae by Clements et al. (2017).

Species

G. difficilis (syn. G. nebulosa), G. fortis, G. fuliginosa, G. magnirostris, G. scandens

Synonyms

Cactornis was named by Gould (1837). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Geospiza by Clements et al. (2017).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1837	Cactornis Gould
1837	Geospiza Gould
2017	Geospiza Clements et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Neognathae	(Pycraft 1900)
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Thraupidae	Cabanis 1847
genus	Geospiza	Gould 1837

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Geospiza Gould 1837 [Darwin's finch]

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Geospiza difficilis Sharpe 1888 [sharp-beaked ground-finch]

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Invalid names: Geospiza nebulosa Gould 1837 [replaced]

Geospiza fortis Gould 1837 [medium ground-finch]

Geospiza fuliginosa Gould 1837 [small ground-finch]

Geospiza magnirostris Gould 1837 [large ground-finch]

Geospiza scandens Gould 1837 [common cactus-finch]

Invalid names: Cactornis Gould 1837 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:39:15

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:39:15

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: Holocene or 0.01170 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.0 Ma

Collections (4 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Ecuador (Galapagos)	Geospiza fuliginosa, Geospiza magnirostris, Geospiza fortis (190847) Geospiza indet., Geospiza fuliginosa, Geospiza magnirostris, Geospiza fortis (190845) Geospiza indet., Geospiza nebulosa, Geospiza fuliginosa, Geospiza magnirostris (190844) Geospiza indet., Geospiza nebulosa, Geospiza fuliginosa, Geospiza magnirostris, Geospiza fortis, Geospiza scandens (190846)