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Spindalidae

Osteichthyes - Passeriformes - Spindalidae

Taxonomy
Spindalidae was named by Barker et al. (2013). It is extant.

It was assigned to Passeriformes by Clements et al. (2017).

Subtaxa
Spindalis

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2013Spindalidae Barker et al.
2017Spindalidae Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familySpindalidaeBarker et al. 2013
familySpindalidaeBarker et al. 2013

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Spindalidae Barker et al. 2013
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G. Spindalis Jardine and Selby 1837
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Spindalis portoricensis Bryant 1866 [Puerto Rican spindalis]
Spindalis zena Linnaeus 1758 [western spindalis]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: Late/Upper Pleistocene or 0.12900 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.0117 Ma

Collections (5 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Cayman Islands Spindalis zena (209851)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bahamas (New Providence Island) Spindalis zena (144649 194588)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Puerto Rico Spindalis portoricensis (192222 231345)