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Toxochelyidae
Taxonomy
Toxochelyidae was named by Baur (1895). It is not extant. Its type is Toxochelys. It was considered monophyletic by Karl et al. (2012).
It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902), Hay (1908); to Chelonii by Jaekel (1911); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975); to Cryptodira by Kuhn (1946), Thurmond and Jones (1981); and to Chelonioidea by Kuhn (1966), Weems (1988), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012).
It was assigned to Cryptodira by Hay (1902), Hay (1908); to Chelonii by Jaekel (1911); to Emydoidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975); to Cryptodira by Kuhn (1946), Thurmond and Jones (1981); and to Chelonioidea by Kuhn (1966), Weems (1988), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1895 | Toxochelyidae Baur |
| 1902 | Plesiochelys belviderensis Cragin p. 71 figs. pi. ii, figs. 1-8. |
| 1902 | Plesiochelys belviderensis Hay p. 439 |
| 1902 | Toxochelyidae Hay p. 442 |
| 1908 | Glyptops belviderensis Hay p. 53 figs. Plate 7, figs. 4, 5 |
| 1908 | Toxochelyidae Hay p. 162 |
| 1911 | Toxochelyidae Jaekel p. 187 |
| 1930 | Glyptops belviderensis Hay p. 70 |
| 1930 | Toxochelyidae Hay p. 86 |
| 1946 | Toxochelyidae Kuhn p. 58 |
| 1966 | Toxochelyidae Kuhn p. 27 |
| 1975 | Toxochelyidae Gaffney p. 429 |
| 1981 | Toxochelyidae Thurmond and Jones p. 128 |
| 1988 | Toxochelyidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Toxochelyidae Nicholls p. 185 |
| 1988 | Toxochelyidae Weems p. 141 figs. Table 2 |
| 2012 | Toxochelyidae Karl et al. |
| 2012 | Toxochelyidae Karl and Nyhuis |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Toxochelyidae Baur 1895
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Subfm. †Lophochelyinae Zangerl 1953
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G. †Lophochelys Zangerl 1953
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†Lophochelys natatrix Zangerl 1953
†Lophochelys niobrarae Zangerl 1953
†Lophochelys venatrix Zangerl 1953
G. †Neurochelys Moody 1980
Subfm. †Macrobaeninae Nessov 1984
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Subfm. †Osteopyginae Zangerl 1953
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G. †Rhetechelys Hay 1908
Invalid names: Lytolominae [synonym]
Subfm. †Toxochelyinae Zangerl 1953
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Invalid names: Glyptops belviderensis Cragin 1902 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| O. P. Hay 1908 | Skull somewhat deprest. Temporal region extensively rooft. Quadrate notcht for the columella. Choana situated well forward; not underfloored by the palatines. Palatines extending forward to the vomers and forming the outer boundaries of the choanae. Carapace with eleven pairs of peripherals, in addition to the nuchal and pygal. Nuchal not furnisht with costiform processes. Epidermal shields present. Plastron loosely articulated with the carapace, not extending forward to the third peripheral and backward hardly to the eighth. Fore foot with at least 2 claws; the phalanges furnisht with condyles; the limb as a whole resembling that of the Trionychidae. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Uetz 2005, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range: base of the Callovian to the top of the Priabonian or 166.10000 to 33.90000 Ma
Collections (38 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Callovian | Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) | Toxocheloides narynensis (37596) Toxocheloides sp. (46545) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | Germany | Oertelia gigantea (138309) | |
| Albian | USA (Texas) | Toxochelyidae indet. (99142 99151 172586) | |
| Albian | USA (Kansas) | Plesiochelys belviderensis (130807) | |
| Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Belgorod) | Toxochelyinae indet. (32314) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | Porthochelys laticeps (90468) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Cynocercus incisus (85294) Lophochelys natatrix, Lophochelys niobrarae (82002) | |
| Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Toxochelyidae indet. (93225 94652) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Lophochelys venatrix (81927 81933) Thinochelys lapisossea (81972) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Kazakhstan (Ongtüstik Qazaqstan) | Lophochelyinae indet. (59730) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Mississippi) | Toxochelyidae indet. (237075) | |
| Judithian | USA (Wyoming) | Lophochelys sp. (14458) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Lophochelys niobrarae (23367) Lophochelys sp. (34302 34303 34305 34310 34315 34319 34321 34322 188995) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Maryland) | Toxochelyidae indet. (27563) | |
| Maastrichtian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Osteopyginae indet. (38078) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Lophochelys sp. (231469) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Propleura borealis (87903) | |
| Danian | USA (Maryland) | Lophochelys sp. (167186) | |
| Selandian | Angola (Cabinda) | Toxochelyidae indet. (113759) | |
| Thanetian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Osteopyginae indet. (198239) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (South Carolina) | Toxochelyinae indet. (15074) | |
| Priabonian | New Zealand | Toxochelyidae indet. (176842) |