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Articuliformes

Crinoidea

Taxonomy
Articuliformes was named by Wright (2017). It is extant.

It was assigned to Eucladida by Mao et al. (2018), Ausich and Cournoyer (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2017Articuliformes Wright
2018Articuliformes Mao et al. p. 1069
2019Articuliformes Ausich and Cournoyer

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
—Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
—Eucladida
—ArticuliformesWright 2017
—ArticuliformesWright 2017

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Articuliformes Wright 2017
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Fm. †Botryocrinidae Bather 1899
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G. †Ancyrocrinus Hall 1862
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†Ancyrocrinus bulbosus Hall 1862
†Ancyrocrinus crozonensis Menn and Jaouen 2003
G. †Barycrinus Meeke and Worthen 1868
+
†Barycrinus rhombiferus Owen and Shumard 1852
†Barycrinus spurius Hall 1868
G. †Botryocrinus Angelin 1878
+
Subg. †Botryocrinus (Bathericrinus) Jaekel 1918
+
†Bathericrinus ericius Schmidt 1934
†Bathericrinus hystrix Schmidt 1934
†Bathericrinus spaciosus Schmidt 1934
†Botryocrinus ramosissimus Angelin 1878
†Botryocrinus thomasi Laudon 1936
G. †Cosmocrinus Jaeckel 1898
+
†Cosmocrinus polonicus Gluchowski 2002
G. †Costalocrinus Jaekel 1918
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†Costalocrinus conkini McIntosh 1984
†Costalocrinus cornutus Owen and Schumard 1850
†Costalocrinus dilatatus Schultze 1867
†Costalocrinus helenae Schmidt 1941
†Costalocrinus ibericus Kammer 2001
†Costalocrinus rex McIntosh 1984
†Costalocrinus sentosus Goldring 1923
†Costalocrinus thymos Kammer 2001
G. †Fragucrinus Ausich and Copper 2010
+
†Fragucrinus bothros Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Gastrocrinus Jaekel 1895
G. †Gothocrinus Bather 1893
G. †Imitatocrinus Schmidt 1934
G. †Jahnocrinus Jeakel 1918
G. †Mastigocrinus Bather 1892
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†Mastigocrinus bravoniensis Ramsbottom 1958
G. †Myosocrinus Ausich and Copper 2010
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†Myosocrinus chicottensis Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Parabotryocrinus Yakovlev 1941
G. †Rhadinocrinus Jaekel 1895
G. †Sigambrocrinus Schmidt 1942
G. †Situlacrinus Breimer 1962
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†Situlacrinus costatus Breimer 1962
Fm. †Plicodendrocrinidae Jell 1999
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G. †Plicodendrocrinus Brower 1995
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†Plicodendrocrinus epinettensis Ausich and Copper 2010
†Plicodendrocrinus martini Ausich and Cournoyer 2019
†Plicodendrocrinus observationensis Ausich and Copper 2010
†Plicodendrocrinus petryki Ausich and Cournoyer 2019
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubc
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalsubc
Diet: suspension feedersubc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-10-09 11:50:31
Modified: 2009-10-09 13:50:31
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Maysvillian to the top of the Serpukhovian or 450.20000 to 323.40000 Ma

Collections (181 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Katian452.8 - 445.2Canada (Ontario) Plicodendrocrinus proboscidiatus (192275 192277)
Katian452.8 - 445.2USA (Ohio) Dendrocrinus casei (204994)
Katian452.8 - 445.2USA (Kentucky) Plicodendrocrinus casei (181722)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Canada (Quebec) Dendrocrinus proboscidiatus (181082) Plicodendrocrinus observationensis (202366 202372) Plicodendrocrinus observationensis, Plicodendrocrinus epinettensis, Plicodendrocrinus martini (202373)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Dendrocrinus casei (23409)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Dendrocrinus casei (23521)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Dendrocrinus casei (23410)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Dendrocrinus casei (23522 23524)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Illinois, Iowa) Dendrocrinus casei (23534 23546)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Iowa) Dendrocrinus casei (13204 13260)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62USA (Oklahoma) Botryocrinus sp. (528)
Aeronian - Telychian440.5 - 432.9Canada (Quebec) Plicodendrocrinus petryki (202386)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Canada (Quebec) Fragucrinus bothros (202396 202397) Myosocrinus chicottensis (202393)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.6 - 430.6USA (Iowa) Botryocrinus sp. (26769)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6USA (Indiana) Botryocrinus sp. (26805)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6Sweden (Gotland) Botryocrinus sp. (13597)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (Indiana) Botryocrinus polyxo (26778 26789 26792 26794 26856) Botryocrinus polyxo, Botryocrinus nucleus (26787)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (Tennessee) Botryocrinus polyxa (26788)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (New York) Gothocrinus multibrachiatus (13338)
Gorstian426.7 - 425.0Czechia Botryocrinus sp. (14104)
Ludlow426.7 - 422.7USA (Missouri) Botryocrinus sp. nov. 1, Botryocrinus sp. nov. 2 (26822)
Ludfordian - Pridoli425.0 - 419.62USA (Oklahoma) Botryocrinus parcus (26824)
Leintwardine421.3 - 419.62United Kingdom Mastigocrinus bravoniensis (95143)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Australia (Victoria) Ancyrocrinus sp. (39121) Plicodendrocrinus australis (39125)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.62 - 410.62France (Alsace) Sigambrocrinus sarthacensis (38802)
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47Antarctica Ancyrocrinus sp. (35562 35566)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62France (Bretagne) Botryocrinus punctatus (81603)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Germany Costalocrinus helenae (123887)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Germany Gastrocrinus eupelmatus, Gastrocrinus giganteus, Imitatocrinus gracilior, Rhadinocrinus nanus, Dictenocrinus hystrix, Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus, Dictenocrinus spaciosus (26904)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Germany (Gemuenden) Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus (26903)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47France (Alsace) Botryocrinus montisguyonensis (40505)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Germany Costalocrinus consolidatus (123882)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47France Botryocrinus montisguyonensis (56705)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Spain (Leon) Costalocrinus consolidatus (123886)
Couvinien410.2 - 387.95USA (Kentucky) Costalocrinus conkini (123881)
Couvinien410.2 - 387.95Germany (Kerpen) Costalocrinus dilatatus (123880)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95France (Finistère) Ancyrocrinus crozonensis (113597)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (New York) Ancyrocrinus bulbosus (91217 91226 91227 91228 91232 91240 91268)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31Canada (Ontario) Ancyrocrinus bulbosus (193694)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (Indiana) Ancyrocrinus bulbosus (11101)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Ohio) Botryocrinus neimani (38460)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (New York) Ancyrocrinus bulbosus (8722 8978 8995 8996) Ancyrocrinus bulbosus, Botryocrinus sentosus (5663) Botryocrinus reimanni (5658) Costalocrinus rex (124078 124079) Costalocrinus sentosus (123888 123890 123891 123895 124059 124060 124065) Costalocrinus sentosus, Costalocrinus rex (123889 123892 123893 123894 124056 124062 124077) Costalocrinus sp. (8979 8987 9016 9017 9020) Costalocrinus sp., Ancyrocrinus bulbosus (9003)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Iowa) Botryocrinus thomasi (123302 123303)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Czechia Jahnocrinus minutus (14142)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Indiana) Costalocrinus rex (124084)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Kentucky) Costalocrinus rex (124083)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Ontario) Costalocrinus rex (124080 124081 124082)
Early/Lower Famennian372.15 - 368.5Germany (Sauerland) Cosmocrinus jaeckeli (235126)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Poland (Świętokrzyskie) Cosmocrinus polonicus (124232 124234 124235 124236 124285)
Hastarian358.86 - 353.7Iran (Kerman) Botryocrinidae indet. (201824)
Kinderhookian358.86 - 351.9USA (Indiana) Barycrinus sp. (6734)
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7USA (Kentucky) Costalocrinus cornutus, Barycrinus spurius (65685)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Indiana) Barycrinus sp. (224221 224226 224230 224232)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Tennessee) Barycrinus sculptus, Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus spurius (165203) Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus rhombiferus (165239 165241) Barycrinus stellatus, Costalocrinus cornutus, Barycrinus rhombiferus (165240)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Kentucky) Barycrinus rhombiferus (165245) Barycrinus sculptus (165192 165246) Barycrinus sculptus, Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus rhombiferus (6206) Barycrinus sculptus, Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus spurius, Barycrinus rhombiferus (6204) Barycrinus sculptus, Barycrinus stellatus, Costalocrinus cornutus, Barycrinus spurius (6200) Barycrinus spurius (165200 165204) Barycrinus stellatus (165191) Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus sculptus (6202 165195) Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus sculptus, Barycrinus spurius (6203 6205 165193) Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus sculptus, Costalocrinus cornutus, Barycrinus spurius, Barycrinus rhombiferus (165201) Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus spurius, Barycrinus rhombiferus (165244) Barycrinus stellatus, Costalocrinus cornutus, Barycrinus spurius, Barycrinus rhombiferus (165194)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Indiana) Barycrinus asteriscus, Barycrinus cornutus, Barycrinus hoveyi (2257) Barycrinus asteriscus, Barycrinus hoveyi (2455) Barycrinus hoveyi (180968) Barycrinus sp. (550 567)
Osagean - Chadian351.9 - 339.9USA (Kentucky) Barycrinus spp., Barycrinus stellatus, Costalocrinus cornutus, Barycrinus spurius (6201) Barycrinus stellatus, Costalocrinus cornutus (165199)
Chadian346.7 - 339.9USA (Indiana) Barycrinus asperrimus, Barycrinus cornutus (2448) Barycrinus asperrimus, Barycrinus cornutus, Barycrinus hoveyi (2251) Barycrinus asperrimus, Barycrinus cornutus, Barycrinus hoveyi, Barycrinus stenobrachium (2439) Barycrinus asperrimus, Barycrinus cornutus, Barycrinus stenobrachium (2252 2442) Barycrinus asteriscus (2185 2191 2204 2250) Barycrinus asteriscus, Barycrinus hoveyi (2187) Barycrinus asteriscus, Barycrinus hoveyi, Barycrinus stenobrachium (2202 2208) Barycrinus asteriscus, Barycrinus stenobrachium (2059) Barycrinus hoveyi (2445)
Chadian346.7 - 339.9USA (Kentucky) Barycrinus cornutus, Barycrinus sculptilis (5869) Barycrinus cornutus, Barycrinus tumidus, Barycrinus sp. (5868) Barycrinus sp. (2673 2680 2681 2690 76446)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 339.9USA (Kentucky) Barycrinus sp. (562) Barycrinus stellatus, Barycrinus spurius, Barycrinus rhombiferus (37879)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 339.9USA (Indiana) Barycrinus asteriscus (8072) Barycrinus hoveyi (8068 8114 8120 8130 8136 8137 8139) Barycrinus hoveyi, Barycrinus asteriscus (8067) Barycrinus sp. (556 557 558)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Kentucky) Barycrinus asteriscus (2780 2826 2828 2831)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Indiana) Barycrinus asteriscus (2833)
Serpukhovian330.3 - 323.4USA (Oklahoma) Barycrinus herculeus (5611)