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Articuliformes

Crinoidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2017Articuliformes Wright
2018Articuliformes Mao et al. p. 1069
2019Articuliformes Ausich and Cournoyer

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
RankNameAuthor
classCrinoideaMiller 1821
subclassPentacrinoideaJaekel 1918
infraclassInadunata(Wachsmuth and Springer 1897)
—Cladida(Moore and Laudon 1943)
—Eucladida
—ArticuliformesWright 2017
—ArticuliformesWright 2017

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Articuliformes Wright 2017
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†Aesiocrinus detrusus Strimple 1951
†Aesiocrinus secundus Washburn 1968
G. †Agassizocrinus Owen and Shumard 1852
G. †Amabilicrinus Webster et al. 2003
+
†Amabilicrinus bahramensis Webster et al. 2003
†Amabilicrinus iranensis Webster et al. 2003
G. †Ampelocrinus Kirk 1942
+
†Ampelocrinus convexus Strimple 1940
G. †Anobasicrinus Strimple 1961
+
†Anobasicrinus brevis Strimple and Moore 1971
†Anobasicrinus obscurus Strimple 1961
G. †Aphelecrinus Kirk 1944
+
†Aphelecrinus tensus Whidborne 1896
G. †Arkacrinus Knapp 1969
+
†Arkacrinus constrictus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Arkacrinus dubius Mather 1915
G. †Basleocrinus Wanner 1916
+
†Basleocrinus conicus Wanner 1916
†Basleocrinus obliquus Wanner 1924
†Basleocrinus pocillum Wanner 1916
†Basleocrinus pusillus Wanner 1924
†Basleocrinus turbinatus Wanner 1924
G. †Blothrocrinus Kirk 1940
+
†Blothrocrinus jesupi Whitfield 1881
†Blothrocrinus spartarius Miller and Gurley 1890
+
Invalid names: Poteriocrinus genista Miller and Gurley 1890 [synonym], Poteriocrinus scopae Miller and Gurley 1890 [synonym]
†Blothrocrinus swallowi Meek and Worthen 1860
Fm. †Botryocrinidae Bather 1899
+
G. †Ancyrocrinus Hall 1862
+
†Ancyrocrinus bulbosus Hall 1862
†Ancyrocrinus crozonensis Menn and Jaouen 2003
G. †Cosmocrinus Jaeckel 1898
+
†Cosmocrinus polonicus Gluchowski 2002
G. †Costalocrinus Jaekel 1918
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†Costalocrinus conkini McIntosh 1984
†Costalocrinus cornutus Owen and Schumard 1850
†Costalocrinus dilatatus Schultze 1867
†Costalocrinus helenae Schmidt 1941
†Costalocrinus ibericus Kammer 2001
†Costalocrinus rex McIntosh 1984
†Costalocrinus sentosus Goldring 1923
†Costalocrinus thymos Kammer 2001
G. †Fragucrinus Ausich and Copper 2010
+
†Fragucrinus bothros Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Gastrocrinus Jaekel 1895
G. †Gothocrinus Bather 1893
G. †Imitatocrinus Schmidt 1934
G. †Jahnocrinus Jeakel 1918
G. †Myosocrinus Ausich and Copper 2010
+
†Myosocrinus chicottensis Ausich and Copper 2010
G. †Parabotryocrinus Yakovlev 1941
G. †Rhadinocrinus Jaekel 1895
G. †Sigambrocrinus Schmidt 1942
G. †Situlacrinus Breimer 1962
+
†Situlacrinus costatus Breimer 1962
G. †Bursacrinus Meek and Worthen 1861
G. †Cadocrinus Wanner 1924
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†Cadocrinus amarassicus Wanner 1916
†Cadocrinus variabilis Wanner 1916
G. †Calceolispongia Etheridge Jr. 1915
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†Calceolispongia abundans Teichert 1949
†Calceolispongia aculeata Wanner 1924
†Calceolispongia cornuta Wanner 1916
†Calceolispongia digitata Teichert 1949
†Calceolispongia gerthi Willink 1979
†Calceolispongia hindei Etheridge Jr. 1915
†Calceolispongia mammeata Wanner 1924
†Calceolispongia nodosa Etheridge Jr. 1892
†Calceolispongia spinosa Teichert 1949
†Calceolispongia stephensi Etheridge Jr. 1892
†Calceolispongia teicherti Willink 1979
Invalid names: Dinocrinus Wanner 1916 [synonym]
G. †Cercidocrinus Kirk 1938
G. †Clathrocrinus Strimple and Moore 1971
+
†Clathrocrinus clathratus Strimple and Moore 1971
†Clathrocrinus clinatus Strimple and Moore 1971
G. †Corematocrinus Goldring 1923
G. †Corythocrinus Kirk 1946
G. †Cricocrinus Strimple and Watkins 1969
G. †Cromyocrinus Trautschold 1867
+
†Cromyocrinus grandis Mather 1915
G. †Cupressocrinites Goldfuss 1831
G. †Cymbiocrinus Kirk 1944
+
†Cymbiocrinus anatonus Washburn 1968
†Cymbiocrinus cuneatus Washburn 1968
G. †Decadocrinus Wachsmuth and Springer 1879
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†Decadocrinus spinulifer Laudon 1936
†Decadocrinus subhemisphericus Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Delocrinus Miller and Gurley 1890
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†Delocrinus admirensis Strimple 1962
†Delocrinus densus Strimple 1962
†Delocrinus titicara Strimple and Moore 1971
†Delocrinus vastus Lane and Webster 1966
†Delocrinus vulgatus Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Diphuicrinus Moore and Plummer 1937
+
†Diphuicrinus croneisi Moore and Plummer 1938
†Diphuicrinus faustus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Diphuicrinus mammifer Moore and Strimple 1973
†Diphuicrinus pentanodus Moore and Strimple 1973
G. †Eupachycrinus Meek and Worthen 1865
G. †Exocrinus Strimple 1949
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†Exocrinus moorei Lane and Webster 1966
†Exocrinus multirami Strimple 1949
G. †Galateacrinus Moore 1940
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†Galateacrinus australis Webster and Jell 1992
†Galateacrinus coacervatus Strimple and Moore 1971
†Galateacrinus gossameri Pabian and Strimple 1974
G. †Glossocrinus Goldring 1923
+
†Glossocrinus cornellianus Williams 1882
†Glossocrinus goldringae Belanski 1928
†Glossocrinus halli Goldring 1923
†Glossocrinus naplesensis Goldring 1923
†Glossocrinus whidbornei Lane et al. 2001
G. †Graphiocrinus de Koninck and Le Hon 1854
+
†Graphiocrinus encrinoides de Koninck and Le Hon 1854
†Graphiocrinus punctatus Wanner 1924
†Graphiocrinus scopulus Lane and Webster 1966
Invalid names: Scaphiocrinus Whidborne 1898 [synonym]
G. †Hydreionocrinus De Koninck 1858
G. †Laudonocrinus Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Lophocrinus Meyer 1858
G. †Pachylocrinus Wachsmuth and Springer 1879
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†Pachylocrinus plumifer Whidborne 1898
G. †Paradelocrinus Moore and Plummer 1937
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†Paradelocrinus protensus Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Pelecocrinus Kirk 1941
G. †Phanocrinus Kirk 1937
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†Phanocrinus insolitus Webster and Lane 1967
G. †Pirasocrinus Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Rhenocrinus Jaekel 1906
G. †Rutkowskicrinus McIntosh 2001
+
†Rutkowskicrinus collieri McIntosh 2001
†Rutkowskicrinus patriciae McIntosh 2001
G. †Scotiacrinus Wright 1945
G. †Scytalocrinus Wachsmuth and Springer 1880
+
†Scytalocrinus barumensis Whidborne 1896
†Scytalocrinus crassibrachiatus Moore and Strimple 1973
†Scytalocrinus sansabensis Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Sellardsicrinus Moore and Plummer 1940
G. †Sostronocrinus Strimple and McGinnis 1969
+
†Sostronocrinus minutus Lane et al. 1997
†Sostronocrinus mundus Whidborne 1898
†Sostronocrinus quadribrachiatus Waters et al. 2003
†Sostronocrinus superbus Strimple and McGinnis 1969
G. †Spaniocrinus Strimple 1971
+
†Spaniocrinus geniculatus Webster and Jell 1999
†Spaniocrinus trinodus Weller 1909
G. †Stachyocrinus Wanner 1916
+
†Stachyocrinus zea Wanner 1916
G. †Staphylocrinus Burdick and Strimple 1969
G. †Stellarocrinus Strimple 1940
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†Stellarocrinus bilineatus Strimple and Moore 1971
†Stellarocrinus comptus Webster and Lane 1967
†Stellarocrinus cuneatus Lane and Webster 1966
†Stellarocrinus qijiagouensis Webster et al. 2009
G. †Sundacrinus Wanner 1916
+
†Sundacrinus granulatus Wanner 1916
†Sundacrinus medius Webster and Jell 1999
†Sundacrinus minutus Arendt 1981
†Sundacrinus septentrionalis Yakovlev 1937
†Sundacrinus triangulus Wanner 1924
†Sundacrinus vastus Wanner 1924
G. †Texacrinus Moore and Plummer 1940
+
†Texacrinus distortus Webster and Lane 1967
†Texacrinus gascoynensis Webster and Jell 1992
†Texacrinus goochensis Webster and Jell 1992
†Texacrinus hardmanensis Webster and Jell 1992
†Texacrinus hardmani Webster and Jell 1992
†Texacrinus haushiensis Jell and Willink 1993
Invalid names: Skaiocrinus Webster 1990 [synonym]
G. †Timorechinus Wanner 1910
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†Timorechinus decurtatus Wanner 1916
†Timorechinus lacertosus Wanner 1924
†Timorechinus maximus Wanner 1924
†Timorechinus mirabilis Wanner 1910
+
Invalid names: Timorocrinus alatus Wanner 1916 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Timorechinus tenuicostatus Wanner 1924 [synonym]
†Timorechinus spinosus Wanner 1916
Invalid names: Timorocrinus Wanner 1912 [synonym], Timorocystis Lambert 1914 [synonym]
G. †Tribrachyocrinus M'Coy 1847
+
†Tribrachyocrinus granulatus Etheridge Jr. 1892
†Tribrachyocrinus rattei Willink 1979
Invalid names: Pentadia Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Pentadia reniformis Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Pentadia spatangus Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Pentadia trigona Dana 1847 [nomen dubium]
G. †Trimerocrinus Wanner 1916
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†Trimerocrinus pumilus Wanner 1916
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Invalid names: Trimerocrinus ventricosus Wanner 1916 [synonym]
G. †Zeacrinites Burdick and Strimple 1971
Invalid names: Plicodendrocrinidae Jell 1999 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubc
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalsubc
Diet: suspension feedersubc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-10-09 11:50:31
Modified: 2009-10-09 13:50:31
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Telychian to the top of the Wuchiapingian or 438.60000 to 254.14000 Ma

Collections (423 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Canada (Quebec) Fragucrinus bothros (202396 202397) Myosocrinus chicottensis (202393)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (New York) Gothocrinus multibrachiatus (13338)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Australia (Victoria) Ancyrocrinus sp. (39121)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Russian Federation (Sverdlovskaya Oblast) Cupressocrinites ovatus (81749)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.62 - 410.62Russian Federation Cupressocrinites sp. (24737)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.62 - 410.62France (Alsace) Sigambrocrinus sarthacensis (38802)
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47Antarctica Ancyrocrinus sp. (35562 35566)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Australia (Queensland) Cupressocrinites gracilis (40019)
Pragian - Early/Lower Emsian413.02 - 399.5Russian Federation (Sverdlovskaya Oblast) Cupressocrinites crassus (81790)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Tajikistan Cupressocrinites crassus, Cupressocrinites scabrum (45831)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Wordian266.9 - 264.28New Zealand (Nelson) Tribrachiocrinus sp. (41797)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Australia (Tasmania) Tribrachyocrinus sp. B, Tribrachyocrinus corrugatus, Tribrachyocrinus granulatus (83175)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Australia (Queensland) Calceolispongia cracowensis (83281)
Wordian - Wuchiapingian266.9 - 254.14Australia (Queensland) Tribrachyocrinus sp. A (83193)
Melekhovian264.9 - 251.902USA (Nebraska) Delocrinus admirensis (124443)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Azerbaijan Spaniocrinus transcaucasicus (241016)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Australia (Queensland) Calceolispongia cracowensis (105009 120346) Calceolispongia kalewaensis (85883 85884 103923 120671) Calceolispongia sp., Spaniocrinus geniculatus, Sundacrinus medius (120593) Tribrachyocrinus sp. (120592)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Indonesia Cadocrinus variabilis (133133)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Australia (Western Australia) Texacrinus hardmani (74747)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14Indonesia (Timor) Cadocrinus variabilis (223610) Cadocrinus variabilis, Timorocrinus alatus, Timorocrinus spinosus (223607)