Jinguofortis perplexus was named by Wang et al. (2018) [A large nonornithothoracine bird preserves the following autapomorphies among nonornithothoracine avian taxa: premaxillae toothed anteriorly; 9–10 dorsal vertebrae; boomerang-shaped furcula with an interclavicular angle of 70°; postacetabular process of ilium that tapers rapidly to a point posteriorly; and elongate hallux about 70% as long as pedal digit II. Jinguofortis is distinguishable further from other stemward Aves in the unique combination of the following features: dentary with at least six closely packed teeth; scapula and coracoid fused into a scapulocoracoid in the adult; sternum ossified; deltopectoral crest of humerus large and not perforated; minor metacarpal strongly bowed caudally; minor digit reduced with manual phalangeal formula of 2–3-2; metatarsals III and IV subequal in distal extent; pedal phalanx II-2 with prominent heel proximally; and forelimb 1.15 times longer than hindlimb,]. It is not extant. Its type specimen is IVPP V24194, a skeleton (A complete and articulated skeleton with feathers). Its type locality is Shixia Village, which is in a Barremian terrestrial horizon in the Dabeigou Formation of China.