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Rhynchosauria (rhynchosaur)
Taxonomy
Rhynchosauria was named by Osborn (1903). It was considered monophyletic by Ezcurra (2016).
It was reranked as the suborder Rhynchosauri by Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Rhynchosauri by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the suborder Rhynchosauria by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the unranked clade Rhynchosauria by Long and Murry (1995) and Ezcurra (2016).
It was assigned to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903); to Sphenodonti by Jaekel (1910); to Holosauria by Jaekel (1911); to Rhynchocephalia by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); to Archosauromorpha by Gauthier et al. (1989), Long and Murry (1995) and Dilkes (1998); to Archosauromorpha by Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Benton (1990) and Nesbitt and Whatley (2004); and to Crocopoda by Ezcurra (2016).
It was reranked as the suborder Rhynchosauri by Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Rhynchosauri by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the suborder Rhynchosauria by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the unranked clade Rhynchosauria by Long and Murry (1995) and Ezcurra (2016).
It was assigned to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903); to Sphenodonti by Jaekel (1910); to Holosauria by Jaekel (1911); to Rhynchocephalia by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); to Archosauromorpha by Gauthier et al. (1989), Long and Murry (1995) and Dilkes (1998); to Archosauromorpha by Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Benton (1990) and Nesbitt and Whatley (2004); and to Crocopoda by Ezcurra (2016).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1903 | Rhynchosauria Osborn pp. 456, 477 |
1904 | Gnathodontia Osborn p. 110 |
1910 | Rhynchosauri Jaekel p. 333 |
1911 | Rhynchosauri Jaekel p. 146 |
1937 | Rhynchosauria Roxo p. 44 |
1946 | Rhynchosauria Kuhn p. 62 |
1966 | Rhynchosauria Kuhn p. 37 |
1985 | Rhynchosauria Benton p. 154 |
1988 | Rhynchosauria Carroll |
1989 | Rhynchosauria Gauthier et al. p. 345 |
1990 | Rhynchosauria Benton p. 13 |
1995 | Rhynchosauria Long and Murry |
1998 | Rhynchosauria Dilkes p. 503 |
2004 | Rhynchosauria Nesbitt and Whatley p. 3 |
2016 | Rhynchosauria Ezcurra |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Rhynchosauria Osborn 1903 [rhynchosaur]
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Subor. †Mesosuchidia Haughton 1924
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G. †Noteosuchus Broom 1925
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†Noteosuchus colletti Watson 1912
Invalid names: Eosuchus Watson 1912 [replaced]
Unr. †Rhynchosauridae Cope 1871
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Unr. †Hyperodapedontinae Chatterjee 1969
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G. †Hyperodapedon Huxley 1859
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†Hyperodapedon huenei Langer and Schultz 2000
†Hyperodapedon mariensis Tupi-Caldas 1933
†Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis Sill 1970
†Hyperodapedon stockleyi Boonstra 1953
†Hyperodapedon tikiensis Mukherjee and Ray 2015
Invalid names: Cephalonia Huene 1940 [synonym], Cephalonia lotziana Huene 1942 [nomen dubium], Macrocephalosaurus Tupi-Caldas 1933 [synonym], Paradapedon Huene 1938 [synonym], Scaphonyx Woodward 1907 [nomen dubium], Scaphonyx australis Huene 1926 [nomen dubium], Scaphonyx fischeri Woodward 1907 [nomen dubium], Stenometopon Boulenger 1903 [synonym], Supradapedon Chatterjee 1980 [synonym]
Invalid names: Scaphonyx africanus Boonstra 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. †Rhynchosaurus Owen 1842
Subfm. †Stenaulorhynchinae Kuhn 1933
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Invalid names: Rhynchosaurinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Scaphonychidae Huene 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gnathodontia Owen 1859 [synonym], Hyperodapedontidae Lydekker 1885 [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. F. Osborn 1903 | Probably littoral, shell-eating Diaptosauria. Premaxillaries decurved, edentulous. Maxillaries edentulous. Palatines (palatopterygoids) with small tesselated teeth. A single narial opening. Vertebrae amphicoelous, imperforate. Interciavicle T-shaped. Coracoid and procoracoid suturally separate (in certain forms). Pubis and ischium more or less continuous. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Collections (121 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Induan | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Eosuchus colletti (85942) | |
Aegean - Bithynian | USA (Arizona) | Ammorhynchus navajoi (49853 49854 49855 49856) | |
Anisian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Stenaulorhynchus sp. (64085 194380) | |
Anisian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Rhynchosauria indet. (136644 136645) | |
Anisian | United Kingdom (England) | Hyperodapedon sp. (88984) Rhynchosauridae indet., Hyperodapedon gordoni (57944) Rhynchosaurus brodiei (97695) Rhynchosaurus spenceri (88950 88951 88953 88954 88955 88956 88957 88959 88960 88961 88962 88963 88964 88965 88966 88968 88969 88970 88973 88974 88993 88994) | |
Anisian | South Africa (Free State) | Eohyosaurus wolvaardti (171026) | |
Anisian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Mesodapedon kuttyi (136648) | |
Anisian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Howesia browni (144344) Mesosuchus browni (85943) | |
Anisian | Tanzania (Iringa) | Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi (55756) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | United Kingdom (England) | Hyperodapedon gordoni (24666) | |
Middle Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Rhynchosaurus brodiei (34402) | |
Ladinian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Rhynchosauria new species (105604) | |
Ladinian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Rhynchosauridae indet., Rhynchosauria indet. (195243) | |
Ladinian - Carnian | Argentina (Rioja) | Stenaulorhynchinae indet., Elorhynchus carrolli (218114) | |
Ladinian - Carnian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Rhynchosauridae indet. (218115) | |
Ladinian - Carnian | Madagascar (Toliara) | Isalorhynchus genovefae (96207 96221) Rhynchosauria indet. (100373) Rhynchosauria nov. sp., Isalorhynchus genovefae (96283) | |
Carnian | Poland (Slaskie) | Rhynchosauridae indet. (110468) | |
Carnian | Zimbabwe (Mashonaland Central) | Hyperodapedon sp. (48460 94781 94782) Hyperodapedontinae indet. (228330 228331 228332 228333 228334) | |
Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Hyperodapedon sp. (107286) Oryctorhynchus bairdi (80074 80079) | |
Carnian | USA (Wyoming) | Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (91493) | |
Carnian | Argentina (San Juan) | Rhynchosauria indet. (52742 52747) Rhynchosaurinae indet. (49007) Scaphonyx sp. (47036 47037 131436) | |
Carnian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Hyperodapedon huxleyi (94787) Hyperodapedon tikiensis (174029) Paradapedon huxleyi (105292 207798) | |
Carnian | USA (Texas) | Rhynchosauridae indet. (84271) | |
Carnian - Norian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Hyperodapedon gordoni (89008 89012) Stenometopon taylori, Hyperodapedon gordoni (57948) | |
Carnian - Norian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Cephalonia lotziana (72088 72089 99381 99382 99407) Cephalonia lotziana, Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (99410) Hyperodapedon huenei, Hyperodapedon mariensis (92319) Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (105825) Hyperodapedon sp. (92320 98623 102346 175572) Rhynchosauria indet. (56189 88202 88203 88204) Scaphonyx fischeri (13220 38250 72086 72090 72137 72138 72139 99409 99411) Scaphonyx fischeri, Cephalonia lotziana (72136) | |
Carnian - Norian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Paradapedon huxleyi (98628 136899 136902 136903) Rhynchosauria indet. (174030) | |
Carnian - Norian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Scaphonyx stockleyi, Scaphonyx africanus (98625) | |
Carnian - Norian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Hyperodapedon tikiensis (218155) | |
Carnian - Norian | USA (Texas) | Otischalkia elderae (71982) Rhynchosauria indet. (12942) Rhynchosauridae indet. (22704 22707) | |
Carnian - Norian | India (Telangana) | Hyperodapedon huxleyi, Paradapedon indicus (112285) | |
Tuvalian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Hyperodapedon sp. (196709) | |
Norian | USA (Arizona) | Rhynchosauridae indet. (48423) | |
Norian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (102340) Scaphonyx fischeri (72087) Scaphonyx sulcognathus (102339) Teyumbaita sulcognathus (102348) | |
Norian | USA (New Mexico) | Rhynchosauridae indet. (48516) |