PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hyperodapedon

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Hyperodapedon was named by Huxley (1859). It was considered monophyletic by Langer and Schultz (2000).

It was assigned to Rhynchocephalia by Cope (1870); to Rhynchosauridae by Huene (1940), Carroll (1988); to Hyperodapedontinae by Benton (1983), Benton (1985), Langer and Schultz (2000), Mukherjee and Ray (2015), Schultz et al. (2016); and to Hyperodapedontinae by Langer et al. (2000), Ezcurra et al. (2016).

Species

Cephalonia lotziana, H. gordoni (syn. Stenometopon taylori), H. huenei, H. huxleyi (syn. Paradapedon indicus), H. mariensis, H. sanjuanensis, H. stockleyi, H. tikiensis, Scaphonyx, Scaphonyx australis, Scaphonyx fischeri

Sister genera

Scaphonyx

Synonyms

Paradapedon was named by Huene (1938).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyperodapedon by Benton (1983), Langer et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Rhynchosauridae by Huene (1940), Huene (1942).
Stenometopon was named by Boulenger (1903).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyperodapedon by Langer et al. (2000).
Supradapedon was named by Chatterjee (1980).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyperodapedon by Langer et al. (2000).
Cephalonia was named by Huene (1940). Its type is Cephalonia lotziana.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyperodapedon by Langer et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Rhynchosauridae by Huene (1940), Huene (1942).
Cephalonia lotziana was named by Huene (1942). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sanga Schramm, stratified layers , which is in a Carnian/Norian fluvial horizon in the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil. It is the type species of Cephalonia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Langer et al. (2000).
Macrocephalosaurus was named by Tupi-Caldas (1933). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hyperodapedon by Langer et al. (2000).
Scaphonyx australis was named by Huene (1926). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Langer et al. (2000).
Scaphonyx was named by Woodward (1907). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Langer et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Woodward (1907); to Pelycosimia by Huene (1911); to Hyperodapedontinae by Benton (1985); to Rhynchosauridae by Huene (1940), Carroll (1988); and to Rhynchosauria by Wilkinson and Benton (1995).
Scaphonyx fischeri was named by Woodward (1907). Its type locality is Scaphonyx type, Santa Maria, Serrito, which is in a Carnian/Norian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Langer et al. (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1859	Hyperodapedon Huxley
1870	Hyperodapedon Cope
1903	Stenometopon Boulenger p. 178
1907	Scaphonyx Woodward p. 54
1907	Scaphonyx fischeri Woodward p. 54 figs. 1-4
1911	Scaphonyx Huene p. 47
1926	Scaphonyx australis Huene
1933	Macrocephalosaurus Tupi-Caldas
1938	Paradapedon Huene
1940	Paradapedon Huene p. 6
1940	Cephalonia Huene p. 7
1940	Hyperodapedon Huene p. 7
1940	Scaphonyx Huene p. 7
1942	Cephalonia Huene
1942	Paradapedon Huene p. 250
1942	Cephalonia lotziana Huene p. 259
1980	Supradapedon Chatterjee p. 58
1983	Hyperodapedon Benton p. 711
1985	Hyperodapedon Benton p. 154
1985	Scaphonyx Benton p. 154
1988	Hyperodapedon Carroll
1988	Scaphonyx Carroll
1995	Scaphonyx Wilkinson and Benton
2000	Hyperodapedon Langer et al. p. 17
2000	Hyperodapedon Langer and Schultz p. 634
2015	Hyperodapedon Mukherjee and Ray
2016	Hyperodapedon Ezcurra et al.
2016	Hyperodapedon Schultz et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Rhynchosauria	()
—	Rhynchosauridae	()
—	Hyperodapedontinae	(Chatterjee 1969)
genus	Hyperodapedon	Huxley 1859

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hyperodapedon Huxley 1859

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†Hyperodapedon gordoni Huxley 1859

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Invalid names: Stenometopon taylori Boulenger 1903 [synonym]

†Hyperodapedon huenei Langer and Schultz 2000

†Hyperodapedon huxleyi Lydekker 1881

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Invalid names: Paradapedon indicus Huene 1940 [synonym]

†Hyperodapedon mariensis Tupi-Caldas 1933

†Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis Sill 1970

†Hyperodapedon stockleyi Boonstra 1953

†Hyperodapedon tikiensis Mukherjee and Ray 2015

Invalid names: Cephalonia Huene 1940 [synonym], Cephalonia lotziana Huene 1942 [nomen dubium], Macrocephalosaurus Tupi-Caldas 1933 [synonym], Paradapedon Huene 1938 [synonym], Scaphonyx Woodward 1907 [nomen dubium], Scaphonyx australis Huene 1926 [nomen dubium], Scaphonyx fischeri Woodward 1907 [nomen dubium], Stenometopon Boulenger 1903 [synonym], Supradapedon Chatterjee 1980 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
M. J. Benton 1983	Lingual teeth on dentary; humerus longer than femur.
M. C. Langer and C. L. Schultz 2000	Rhynchosaur with: frontal ornamentation with lateral grooves that have approximately the same depth throughout; ventral process of the squamosal plate-like; only one dentary blade; no primary lingual teeth on the dentary; more than two teeth in transverse sections through the maxillary area lateral to the main groove.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Diet:

herbivoreg

Created:

2009-01-03 21:14:34

Modified:

2009-01-03 23:14:34

Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Tuvalian to the top of the Norian or 233.60000 to 205.70000 Ma

Collections (46 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Zimbabwe (Mashonaland Central)	H. sp. (48460 94781 94782)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Canada (Nova Scotia)	H. sp. (107286)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	USA (Wyoming)	H. sanjuanensis (91493)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	India (Madhya Pradesh)	H. huxleyi (94787) H. tikiensis (174029) Paradapedon huxleyi (105292 207798)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Argentina (San Juan)	Scaphonyx sp. (131436)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	Tanzania (Ruvuma)	Scaphonyx stockleyi (98625)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	United Kingdom (Scotland)	H. gordoni (89008 89012) Stenometopon taylori, H. gordoni (57948)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	India (Madhya Pradesh)	H. tikiensis (218155)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Cephalonia lotziana (72088 72089 99381 99382 99407) Cephalonia lotziana, H. sanjuanensis (99410) H. huenei, H. mariensis (92319) H. sanjuanensis (105825) H. sp. (92320 98623 102346 175572) Scaphonyx fischeri (13220 38250 72090 72137 72138 72139 99409 99411) Scaphonyx fischeri, Cephalonia lotziana (72136)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	India (Telangana)	H. huxleyi, Paradapedon indicus (112285)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	India (Andhra Pradesh)	Paradapedon huxleyi (98628 136899 136902 136903) Rhynchosauria indet. (174030)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	H. sp. (196709)
Tuvalian	233.6 - 227.3	Argentina (San Juan)	Scaphonyx sp. (47036 47037)
Norian	227.3 - 205.7	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	H. sanjuanensis (102340)