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Toxaster retusus

Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Toxasteridae

Taxonomy
Spatangus retusus was named by Lamarck (1816).

It was recombined as Toxaster retusus by David (1985).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
T. casterasi, T. gaudryi, T. ricordeaui, T. subcavatus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1985Toxaster retusus David

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
RankNameAuthor
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderSpatangoida
familyToxasteridae
genusToxaster
speciesretusus(Lamarck 1816)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Toxaster retusus Lamarck 1816
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: slow-movingo
Life habit: shallow infaunalo
Diet: deposit feedero
Diet 2: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-28 12:18:10
Modified: 2009-10-08 16:32:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Valanginian to the top of the Late/Upper Barremian or 137.05000 to 121.40000 Ma

Collections (101 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Valanginian137.05 - 132.6France Toxaster retusus (55745)
Early/Lower Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77France Toxaster retusus (68926 68928 68929 68930 68932 68933 68934 68936 68937 68939 68940 68943 68944 68946 68947 68952 68963 68968 68969 68983 68984 68986 68987 68989 68990 68991 68992 68993 68994 68995 68996 68997 69004 69005 69007 69020 69021 69022 69063 69064 69065 69066 69067 69077 69078 69079 69080 69081 69082 69083 69490 69492 69494 69735 69736 69743 69744 69745 69746 69747 69748 69749 69750 69751 69752 69754 69757 69760 69762 69763 69764 69765 69766 69776 69777 69778 69780 69781 69782 69783 69785 69786 69793 69794 69796 84870 84872 84873 84874 84875 84876 84877 84878 84879)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Portugal Toxaster retusus (65752 65858 65876 73143)
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Switzerland (Neuchatel) Toxaster retusus (31986)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4Turkmenistan Toxaster retusus (47025)