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Ornithomimidae (ornithomimid)

Reptilia - Theropoda - Ornithomimidae

Taxonomy
Ornithomimidae was named by Marsh (1890). It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).

It was assigned to Ornithopoda by Cannon (1890) and Marsh (1890); to Ornithopoda by Zittel (1890); to Iguanodontia by Baur (1891); to Ceratosauria by Marsh (1895) and Marsh (1896); to Ornithopoda by Van Den Broeck (1900); to Goniopoda by Matthew and Brown (1922); to Megalosauroidae by Hay (1930); to Dinosauria by Rapp (1944); to Coelurosauria by Kuhn (1946) and Parsch (1963); to Coeluria by Kuhn (1966); to Coeluroidea by Tatarinov (1964) and Maleev (1968); to Coelurosauria by Huene (1929), Roxo (1937), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Reig (1970), Bonaparte (1978), Baird and Horner (1979) and Bonaparte (1980); to Theropoda by Hay (1902), Lambe (1905), Matthew (1915), Miller (1967), Russell (1972), Langston (1974), Coulton (1976), McIntosh (1981) and Thulborn (1984); to Dinoaves by Bakker (1986); to Theropoda by Marsh (1892), Russell (1930) and Carroll (1988); to Protoavia by Paul (1988); to Coelurosauria by Huene (1920), Huene (1923), Lull (1924), Huene (1926), Huene (1927), Parks (1928), Huene (1929), Huene (1933), Stromer (1934), Huene (1948), Romer (1956), Estes (1964), Colbert (1964), Colbert and Russell (1969), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Osmólska et al. (1972), Ostrom (1980), Santafé et al. (1982) and Dong (1992); to Oviraptorosauria by Russell and Dong (1994); to Bullatosauria by Holtz and Padian (1995); to Coelurosauria by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1992), Sereno et al. (1994), Currie (1995) and Sereno (1997); to Ornithomimoidea by Sereno (1999); to Theropoda by Parks (1935), Molnar (1992) and Eberth et al. (2001); to Ornithomimosauria by Barsbold (1976), Barsbold (1977), Barsbold (1981), Barsbold (1983), Russell (1984), Barsbold (1988), Chatterjee (1993), Sereno (1998), Holtz (1998), Holtz (2000), Currie (2000), Rauhut (2003), Kobayashi and Barsbold (2003), Makovicky et al. (2004), Kobayashi and Barsbold (2005), Kobayashi and Barsbold (2006), Buffetaut et al. (2009), Makovicky et al. (2010), Xu et al. (2011) and Alifanov and Saveliev (2015); and to Ornithomimosauria by Currie (1997), Hutchinson and Padian (1997), Lee et al. (2014), McFeeters et al. (2016), Claessens and Loewen (2016) and Hattori et al. (2023).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1890Ornithomimidae Cannon p. 253
1890Ornithomimidae Marsh p. 85
1890Ornithomimidae Zittel p. 766
1891Ornithomimidae Baur p. 450
1892Ornithomimidae Marsh
1895Ornithomimidae Marsh
1896Ornithomimidae Marsh p. 240
1900Ornithomimidae Van Den Broeck p. 80ff
1902Ornithomimidae Hay p. 494
1905Ornithomimidae Lambe p. 48
1915Ornithomimidae Matthew p. 32
1920Ornithomimidae Huene p. 162
1922Ornithomimidae Matthew and Brown p. 378
1923Ornithomimidae Huene p. 456 fig. 3
1924Ornithomimidae Lull p. 232
1926Ornithomimidae Huene p. 98
1927Ornithomimidae Huene p. 256
1928Ornithomimidae Parks p. 3
1929Ornithomimidae Huene p. 155
1930Ornithomimidae Hay p. 181
1930Ornithomimidae Russell p. 136
1933Ornithomimidae Huene p. 64
1934Ornithomimidae Stromer p. 80
1935Ornithomimidae Parks p. 195
1937Ornithomimidae Roxo p. 65
1944Ornithomimidae Rapp p. 287
1946Ornithomimidae Kuhn p. 65
1948Ornithomimidae Huene p. 89
1956Ornithomimidae Romer p. 612
1963Ornithomimidae Parsch p. 4
1964Ornithomimidae Colbert p. 21 fig. 6
1964Ornithomimidae Estes p. 143
1964Ornithomimidae Tatarinov p. 533
1966Ornithomimidae Kuhn p. 93
1966Ornithomimidae Romer p. 369
1967Ornithomimidae Charig p. 714
1967Ornithomimidae Miller p. 232
1968Ornithomomidae Maleev p. 95
1969Ornithomimidae Colbert and Russell p. 45
1970Ornithomimidae Reig p. 279
1970Ornithomimidae Steel p. 17
1970Ornithomimidae Swinton p. 131
1972Ornithomimidae Osmólska et al. p. 105
1972Ornithomimidae Russell p. 377
1974Ornithomimidae Langston p. 82
1976Ornithomimidae Barsbold p. 74
1976Ornithomimidae Coulton p. 177
1977Ornithomimidae Barsbold p. 50
1978Ornithomimidae Bonaparte p. 321–322
1979Ornithomimidae Baird and Horner p. 9
1980Ornithomimidae Bonaparte p. 82
1980Ornithomimidae Ostrom p. 21
1981Ornithomimidae Barsbold
1981Ornithomimidae McIntosh p. 11
1982Ornithomimidae Santafé et al. p. 82
1983Ornithomimidae Barsbold p. 97
1984Ornithomimidae Russell p. 28
1984Ornithomimidae Thulborn p. 132
1985Ornithomimidae Gauthier and Padian p. 190 fig. 2
1986Ornithomimidae Bakker p. 460
1986Ornithomimidae Gauthier p. 55 fig. 9
1988Ornithomimidae Barsbold p. 124
1988Ornithomimidae Carroll
1988Ornithomimidae Paul p. 382
1989Ornithomimidae Gauthier et al. p. 348
1992Ornithomimidae Dong p. 164
1992Ornithomimidae Molnar p. 266
1992Ornithomimidae Novas p. 147
1993Ornithomimidae Chatterjee p. 282
1994Ornithomimidae Russell and Dong p. 2125
1994Ornithomimidae Sereno et al. p. 270
1995Ornithomimidae Currie p. 25A
1995Ornithomimidae Holtz, Jr. and Padian p. 35A
1997Ornithomimidae Currie p. 733
1997Ornithomimidae Hutchinson and Padian p. 129
1997Ornithomimidae Sereno p. 457
1998Ornithomimidae Holtz, Jr. p. 40
1998Ornithomimidae Sereno p. 65
1999Ornithomimidae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2
2000Ornithomimidae Currie p. 445
2000Ornithomimidae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5
2001Ornithomimidae Eberth et al. p. 56
2003Ornithomimidae Kobayashi and Barsbold p. 68A
2003Ornithomimidae Rauhut p. 38
2004Ornithomimidae Makovicky et al. p. 138
2005Ornithomimidae Kobayashi and Barsbold p. 119 fig. 6.11
2006Ornithomimidae Kobayashi and Barsbold p. 203
2009Ornithomimidae Buffetaut et al. pp. 238-239
2010Ornithomimidae Makovicky et al.
2011Ornithomimidae Xu et al. p. 220 fig. 9
2014Ornithomimidae Lee et al. p. 259
2015Ornithomimidae Alifanov and Saveliev p. 640
2016Ornithomimidae Claessens and Loewen p. 1
2016Ornithomimidae McFeeters et al.
2023Ornithomimidae Hattori et al. p. 12 fig. 9

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
orderTheropoda
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptoriformes
Arctometatarsalia
infraorderOrnithomimosauria
familyOrnithomimidae
familyOrnithomimidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Ornithomimidae Marsh 1890 [ornithomimid]
show all | hide all
G. †Aepyornithomimus Chinzorig et al. 2017
+
Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis Chinzorig et al. 2017
G. †Anserimimus Barsbold 1988
+
Anserimimus planinychus Barsbold 1988
G. †Archaeornithomimus Russell 1972
+
G. †Dromiceiomimus Russell 1972
+
G. †Gallimimus Osmólska et al. 1972
+
Gallimimus bullatus Osmólska et al. 1972
G. †Ornithomimidorum Huene 1926
G. †Ornithomimus Marsh 1890
+
Ornithomimus edmontonicus Sternberg 1933
+
Invalid names: Struthiomimus currellii Parks 1933 [synonym], Struthiomimus ingens Parks 1933 [synonym], Struthiomimus samueli Parks 1928 [synonym]
Ornithomimus minutus Marsh 1892
Ornithomimus tenuis Marsh 1890
Ornithomimus velox Marsh 1890
Invalid names: Ornithomimus sedens Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. †Qiupalong Xu et al. 2011
+
Qiupalong henanensis Xu et al. 2011
G. †Rativates McFeeters et al. 2016
+
Rativates evadens McFeeters et al. 2016
G. †Sinornithomimus Kobayashi and Lü 2003
+
Sinornithomimus dongi Kobayashi and Lü 2003
G. †Struthiomimus Osborn 1916
+
Struthiomimus altus Lambe 1902
G. †Tototlmimus Serrano-Brañas et al. 2016
+
Tototlmimus packardensis Serrano-Brañas et al. 2016
Invalid names: Deinocheirinae Paul 1988 [empty], Garudimiminae Paul 1988 [empty], Ornithomiminae Nopcsa 1923 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
K. A. v. Zittel 1890Schädel unbekannt. Vorderbeine kurz. Hand dreizehig. Hinterbeine sehr lang. Astragalus mit langem, aufsteigendem Fortsatz. Von den drei funktionirenden Metatarsalia ist das mittlere (III) proximal verschmälert und durch die verdickten Gelenkenden der beiden anderen ganz nach hinten gedrängt.
R. S. Lull 1924The relatively small skull, with its large orbit, borne upon very long, slender cervicals, is one of the most characteristic features of this group. Limbs long and slender, with specialized manus, bearing three digits, the elongated claws of which are not strongly curved; pubic bones possessing foot-like symphysis, ischia being curbed; tibia longer than femur; metatarsals elongated and closely appressed, but remainder of foot of moderate size, with short, rather straight unguals; tail long, with distal caudals interlocked by prolonged zygapophyses.
F. v. Huene 1948Strong, pointed teeth or toothless; large preorbit; 10 cervicals, 13 dorsals, 5 sacrals; manus with 3 long fingers; pubis a little shorter than femur, with shoe-like process; tibia a little shorter than femur; astragalus with high ascending process; 3 middle toes long, bird-like, I missing, V rudimentary. Cretaceous.
R. Barsbold 1981Progressive ornithomimosaurs with elongated ilia (longer than the
pubis) and metatarsus, proximally highly compressed third metatarsal element and without the first toe (pollex). Pleurocoels are present.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteinfrao
Entire body: yesinfrao
Adult length: 1.0 to < 10infrao
Adult width: 0.1 to < 1.0infrao
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10infrao
Maximum body mass: 300 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10 kgg
Thickness: thickinfrao
Architecture: compact or denseinfrao
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partsinfrao
Grouping: gregariousinfrao
Environment: terrestrialinfrao
Locomotion: actively mobileinfrao
Life habit: ground dwellinginfrao
Diet: herbivoreinfrao
Diet 2: omnivoreinfrao
Reproduction: oviparousinfrao
Dispersal: direct/internalinfrao
Dispersal 2: mobileinfrao
Created: 2005-03-06 14:09:12
Modified: 2005-09-11 19:09:33
Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder
References: Averianov and Yarkov 2004, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 122.46000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (243 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Mongolia (Ovorkhangai) Ornithomimidae indet. (79703)
Late/Upper Barremian - Aptian130.0 - 113.0Japan (Honshu) Ornithomimosauria indet. (50307)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Australia (Victoria) Ornithomimidae indet. (127568)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Ornithomimidae indet. (99337)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5China (Henan) Ornithomimidae indet. (117983)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5USA (Montana) Ornithomimus sp. (50722 50723)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Australia (Victoria) Ornithomimidae indet. (51961 127567)
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian109.0 - 93.5USA (Wyoming) Ornithomimus sp. (50496 50499)
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian109.0 - 93.5USA (Montana) Ornithomimus sp. (50694)
Cenomanian - Santonian100.5 - 83.6Mongolia (Omnogov) Ornithomimidae indet. (13411 53230 55254 108340 168984)
Cenomanian - Santonian100.5 - 83.6Mongolia (Dornogov) Ornithomimidae indet. (76061 130795)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Mexico (Michoacan) Ornithomimidae indet. (143831)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Mongolia Predentata indet. (48985)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Kazakhstan (Ongtustik Qazaqstan) Ornithomimidae indet. (58722)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Dinosauria indet. (58469)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8China (Nei Mongol) Sinornithomimus dongi (55529)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) Ornithomimidae indet. (46959 58159 58166 58167 58168 58173 58174 58175 75943 123160 224061 224062 224063) Ornithomimidae indet., Archaeornithomimus bissektensis (58165) Ornithomimidae indet., Gallimimus sp. (58158)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian93.5 - 86.3Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda) Ornithomimidae indet. (73441)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Tajikistan (Asht) Ornithomimidae indet., Ornithomimus asiaticus (53132)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6China (Shandong) Ornithomimidae indet. (62360)
Santonian - Campanian86.3 - 72.1Mongolia (Dornogov) Ornithomimidae indet. (80183)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian86.3 - 70.6Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda) Ornithomimidae indet. (53134 53136 73446 73447 73448 164672)
Early/Lower Santonian85.8 - 83.5Tajikistan (Sogd) Ornithomimidae indet. (58491 58701)
Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian85.8 - 83.5USA (Mississippi) Theropoda indet. (64743)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5Canada (Alberta) Ornithomimidae indet. (48834)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian85.8 - 70.6USA (Georgia) Ornithomimidae indet. (35289)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Alberta) Struthiomimus altus (52470 52473 52474 52476 52478)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (Montana) Ornithomimidae indet. (22689 22694 53045 61843)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Mexico (Sonora) Tototlmimus packardensis (105175)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Mongolia (Omnogov) Ornithomimidae indet. (37211)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Kazakhstan (Aqmola) Ornithomimidae indet. (53140)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan (Ash Shamaliyah) Ornithomimosauria indet. (38682)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Kazakhstan (Almaty) Ornithomimidae indet. (53143 59732)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (North Carolina) Ornithomimus sp. (106277)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Ornithomimidae indet. (200385 200394 200401)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (North Carolina) Ornithomimus sp. (57918 128412)
Judithian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Ornithomimus sp. nov., Struthiomimus sp. (14489)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Utah) Ornithomimus velox (70276)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (British Columbia) Ornithomimidae indet. (53053)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mongolia (Omnogov) Ornithomimidae indet. (53229 55256)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Leptorhynchos elegans (232137) Ornithomimidae indet. (22654 22656 22659 36264 46957 55317 59121 184041 191251 227125) Ornithomimidae indet., Ornithomimus edmontonicus (52480) Ornithomimus altus (133004) Ornithomimus sp. (116229) Struthiomimus altus (52475) Struthiomimus samueli (46335)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Ornithomimidae indet. (109657 109658)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mexico (Chihuahua) Ornithomimidae indet. (35707)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (New Mexico) Ornithomimidae indet. (46985 46986 46989 46990 46996 47011 47014 47195 56021 56090 56428 64009 222074 222081) Ornithomimus edmontonicus (47012) Struthiomimus altus (46995 47009 47013)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mexico (Coahuila) Ornithomimidae indet. (24259 68039 97757 154244 170998 227154 227245 227246) Ornithomimus sp. (59114)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Ornithomimus sp. (220506)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Montana) Ornithomimidae indet. (14437)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Montana) Ornithomimidae indet. (14462) Ornithomimus sp. (142328) Ornithomimus tenuis (49001)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6China (Nei Mongol) Ornithomimidae indet. (28778 48932 48933 49354 175225)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Ornithomimidae indet. (25073 68012 68014)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Ornithomimidae indet. (62722 167986) Ornithomimus altus (52477 150749) Struthiomimus altus (61433) Struthiomimus sp. (52471)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mongolia (Omnogov) Gallimimus sp. (51971)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Ornithomimidae indet. (162134 163050 191253)
Late/Upper Campanian - Late/Upper Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Mexico (Sonora) Ornithomimidae indet. (170931)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ornithomimus sp. (142493)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Omnogov) Anserimimus planinychus (52008 180786) Gallimimus sp. (55257 55258 126780 127671 127673 127679 127681 130800 168810) Gallimimus sp., Ornithomimidae indet. (127670) Ornithomimidae indet. (37003 37020 38704 108344 127675 168988 180472 180474 180475 180679 180683 180701 180707 180709 180784 180785 180811) Ornithomimidae indet., Gallimimus sp. (229067)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ornithomimidae indet. (90926)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Ornithomimus sp. (46095)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Ornithomimus sedens (225940)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Bayankhongor) Ornithomimidae indet. (91909)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Maryland) Ornithomimidae indet. (83331)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Dromiceiomimus brevitertius (52465 220501) Ornithomimidae indet. (14502 76062 191252 191254) Ornithomimus altus (52468 52469) Ornithomimus sp. (45732 52467 55363) Struthiomimus altus (96457) Struthiomimus brevetertius (46351) Struthiomimus currellii (52479) Struthiomimus ingens (52466)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ornithomimidae indet. (55247)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alaska) Ornithomimidae indet. (51889 51891)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ornithomimidae indet. (14571)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (New Mexico) Ornithomimidae indet. (14518)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Ornithomimidae indet. (14540 14544 60172 75298 75443) Ornithomimus minutus (14606) Ornithomimus sp. (14538 14609) Ornithomimus velox (14542) Struthiomimus sp. (75297)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Ornithomimidae indet. (14610)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ornithomimidae indet. (14513 14614)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ornithomimus sp. (142326)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Ornithomimidae indet. (194867) Ornithomimus sp. (227001) Struthiomimus sp. (227002)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Ornithomimus sp. (45675)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0China (Henan) Qiupalong henanensis (84996)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ornithomimidae indet. (45388 45390 224491) Ornithomimus sp. (48551 150895 224484)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Ornithomimus velox (49000 49528 49550 49554)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Ornithomimidae indet. (45099 45136 45381 45382 57919)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Ornithomimus sedens (52871) Ornithomimus sp. (14585) Struthiomimus sp. (26760)