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Deinonychus
Taxonomy
Deinonychus was named by Ostrom (1969). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).
It was synonymized subjectively with Velociraptor by Paul (1988) and Paul (1988).
It was assigned to Coelurosauria by Gauthier et al. (1989) and Pérez-Moreno et al. (1994); to Dromaeosaurinae by Currie (2000), Senter et al. (2004) and Burnham et al. (2004); to Velociraptorinae by Currie (1992), Currie (1995), Chiappe et al. (1996), Currie (1997), Brinkman et al. (1998), Zinke (1998), Norell and Makovicky (1999), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), Chiappe (2002), Currie and Varricchio (2004), Kiernan and Schwimmer (2004), Chanthasit and Buffetaut (2009), Gianechini et al. (2011) and Williamson and Brusatte (2014); to Eudromaeosauria by Longrich and Currie (2009) and Jasinski et al. (2020); and to Dromaeosauridae by Colbert and Russell (1969), Ostrom (1969), Ostrom (1969), Ostrom (1970), Sues (1977), Sues (1978), Molnar (1980), Santafé et al. (1982), Thulborn (1984), Russell (1984), Buffetaut et al. (1986), Gauthier (1986), Carroll (1988), Le Loeuff et al. (1992), Osmólska (1996), Kirkland (1997), Norell and Makovicky (1997), Sereno (1997), Le Loeuff and Buffetaut (1998), Rauhut (2003), Norell and Makovicky (2004), Weishampel (2006), Martínez and Novas (2006), Smith (2007), Porfiri et al. (2007), Turner et al. (2007), Godefroit et al. (2008), Benson and Barrett (2009), Porfiri et al. (2011), Prieto-Marquez et al. (2012), Pei et al. (2014), Delcourt and Grillo (2014), Parsons and Parsons (2015), White et al. (2015), Gianechini et al. (2017), Dalla Vecchia (2020) and Suarez et al. (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Velociraptor by Paul (1988) and Paul (1988).
It was assigned to Coelurosauria by Gauthier et al. (1989) and Pérez-Moreno et al. (1994); to Dromaeosaurinae by Currie (2000), Senter et al. (2004) and Burnham et al. (2004); to Velociraptorinae by Currie (1992), Currie (1995), Chiappe et al. (1996), Currie (1997), Brinkman et al. (1998), Zinke (1998), Norell and Makovicky (1999), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), Chiappe (2002), Currie and Varricchio (2004), Kiernan and Schwimmer (2004), Chanthasit and Buffetaut (2009), Gianechini et al. (2011) and Williamson and Brusatte (2014); to Eudromaeosauria by Longrich and Currie (2009) and Jasinski et al. (2020); and to Dromaeosauridae by Colbert and Russell (1969), Ostrom (1969), Ostrom (1969), Ostrom (1970), Sues (1977), Sues (1978), Molnar (1980), Santafé et al. (1982), Thulborn (1984), Russell (1984), Buffetaut et al. (1986), Gauthier (1986), Carroll (1988), Le Loeuff et al. (1992), Osmólska (1996), Kirkland (1997), Norell and Makovicky (1997), Sereno (1997), Le Loeuff and Buffetaut (1998), Rauhut (2003), Norell and Makovicky (2004), Weishampel (2006), Martínez and Novas (2006), Smith (2007), Porfiri et al. (2007), Turner et al. (2007), Godefroit et al. (2008), Benson and Barrett (2009), Porfiri et al. (2011), Prieto-Marquez et al. (2012), Pei et al. (2014), Delcourt and Grillo (2014), Parsons and Parsons (2015), White et al. (2015), Gianechini et al. (2017), Dalla Vecchia (2020) and Suarez et al. (2021).
Species
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1969 | Deinonychus Colbert and Russell p. 43 |
1969 | Deinonychus Ostrom p. 2 |
1970 | Deinonychus Ostrom p. 66 |
1977 | Deinonychus Sues p. 591 |
1978 | Deinonychus Sues p. 399 |
1980 | Deinonychus Molnar p. 137 |
1982 | Deinonychus Santafé et al. p. 82 |
1984 | Deinonychus Russell p. 23 |
1984 | Deinonychus Thulborn p. 132 |
1986 | Deinonychus Buffetaut et al. p. 1395 |
1986 | Deinonychus Gauthier p. 11 |
1988 | Deinonychus Carroll |
1989 | Deinonychus Gauthier et al. p. 348 |
1992 | Deinonychus Currie p. 241 |
1992 | Deinonychus Le Loeuff et al. p. 338 |
1994 | Deinonychus Pérez-Moreno et al. p. 184 fig. 1 |
1995 | Deinonychus Currie |
1996 | Deinonychus Chiappe et al. p. 559 |
1996 | Deinonychus Osmólska p. 27 |
1997 | Deinonychus Currie p. 194 |
1997 | Deinonychus Kirkland p. 98 |
1997 | Deinonychus Norell and Makovicky p. 6 |
1997 | Deinonychus Sereno p. 458 |
1998 | Deinonychus Brinkman et al. p. 1 |
1998 | Deinonychus Le Loeuff and Buffetaut p. 109 |
1998 | Deinonychus Zinke p. 183 |
1999 | Deinonychus Barsbold and Osmólska p. 214 |
1999 | Deinonychus Norell and Makovicky p. 2 |
2000 | Deinonychus Currie p. 436 |
2002 | Deinonychus Chiappe p. 460 |
2003 | Deinonychus Rauhut p. 37 |
2004 | Deinonychus Burnham et al. p. 42A |
2004 | Deinonychus Currie and Varricchio pp. 126-127 |
2004 | Deinonychus Kiernan and Schwimmer p. 89 |
2004 | Deinonychus Norell and Makovicky p. 198 |
2004 | Deinonychus Senter et al. p. 2 fig. 2 |
2006 | Deinonychus Martínez and Novas p. 257 |
2006 | Deinonychus Weishampel p. 144 |
2007 | Deinonychus Porfiri et al. p. 547 |
2007 | Deinonychus Smith p. 104 |
2007 | Deinonychus Turner et al. pp. 9-10 fig. 5 |
2008 | Deinonychus Godefroit et al. p. 432 |
2009 | Deinonychus Benson and Barrett p. 142 |
2009 | Deinonychus Chanthasit and Buffetaut p. 147 |
2009 | Deinonychus Longrich and Currie fig. 3 |
2011 | Deinonychus Gianechini et al. p. 284 |
2011 | Deinonychus Porfiri et al. p. 113 |
2012 | Deinonychus Prieto-Marquez et al. p. 130 |
2014 | Deinonychus Delcourt and Grillo p. 312 |
2014 | Deinonychus Pei et al. |
2014 | Deinonychus Williamson and Brusatte p. 10 |
2015 | Deinonychus Parsons and Parsons p. 1 |
2015 | Deinonychus White et al. p. 3 |
2017 | Deinonychus Gianechini et al. p. 9 |
2020 | Deinonychus Dalla Vecchia p. 614 |
2020 | Deinonychus Jasinski et al. p. 6 fig. 3 |
2021 | Deinonychus Suarez et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
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femur circumference | 2 | 119.0 | - | - | 119.0 | - | |
femur diameter | 2 | 316.0 | - | - | 316.0 | - | |
humerus diameter | 2 | 19.5 | 18.2 | 21.0 | 19.6 | 1.98 | |
radius diameter | 3 | 9.75 | 9.00 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 0.681 | |
tibia diameter | 2 | 71.6 | 18.0 | 285.0 | 151.5 | 188.8 | |
ulna diameter | 3 | 12.1 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 11.8 | 1.43 |
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Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Holtz et al. 2000, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Early/Lower Cenomanian or 145.00000 to 93.50000 Ma
Collections (46 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Berriasian - Hauterivian | Brazil (Paraíba) | D. sp. (187920) | |
Aptian | USA (Montana) | D. antirrhopus (137607 137611) | |
Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Wyoming) | D. antirrhopus (50352 50355) | |
Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Montana) | D. antirrhopus (34746 227265) | |
Aptian - Albian | USA (Utah) | D. sp. (97951) | |
Aptian - Albian | USA (Montana) | D. antirrhopus (50686 50688) | |
Aptian - Albian | USA (Oklahoma) | D. antirrhopus (24178) | |
Aptian - Albian | USA (Wyoming) | D. antirrhopus (102299 137566 137567 137577 137604) | |
Late/Upper Aptian | USA (Maryland) | D. antirrhopus (14376) | |
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Montana) | D. antirrhopus (229407) | |
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | USA (Oklahoma) | D. antirrhopus (14374) D. sp., D. antirrhopus (14392) | |
Albian | USA (Arkansas) | D. antirrhopus (222851) | |
Albian | USA (Montana) | D. antirrhopus (50483 50484 50491 50525 50531 50539 50540 69693) D. sp. (50488 50699 50706 52436) Theropoda indet. (50707 227226) | |
Albian | USA (Wyoming) | D. antirrhopus (137562) D. sp. (50486) | |
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Montana) | D. antirrhopus (23502 47346 50475 50697) D. sp. (14379 55246) | |
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Wyoming) | D. antirrhopus (50496 50498) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | D. sp. (94550) |