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Megalosaurus
Taxonomy
Megalosaurus was named by Parkinson (1822) [A nomen nudum in this publication. Name ascribed to Buckland and Conybeare in Buckland 1824, p. 391, Pl. 40–47.]. It is the type genus of Megalosaurinidae, Megalosaurinae, Megalosauri, Megalosauridae.
It was considered a nomen dubium by Allain and Chure (2002).
It was assigned to Enaliosauri by Parkinson (1822); to Ameivoidea by Fitzinger (1826); to Lacertilia by Owen (1841); to Megalosauri by Fitzinger (1843); to Pachypodes by Meyer (1845); to Dinosauria by Owen (1842) and Quenstedt (1852); to Dinosauria by Pictet (1853); to Deinosauria by Mantell (1854); to Harpagosauria by Haeckel (1866); to Dinosaurii by Quenstedt (1867); to Goniopoda by Cope (1869); to Theropoda by Quenstedt (1882); to Goniopoda by Cope (1866) and Cope (1887); to Dinosauria by Owen (1854), Owen (1857), Owen (1859), Owen (1860), Owen (1861), Lennier (1870), Seeley (1881), Lydekker (1883), Lydekker (1887) and Mansel-Pleydell (1888); to Megalosaurinidae by Lydekker (1888); to Megalosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Theropoda by Dollo (1885), Gadow (1898) and Gadow (1901); to Theropoda by Winkler (1893), Sauvage (1896), Gadow (1897), Sauvage (1914) and Joleaud (1922); to Carnosauria by Kuhn (1939); to Megalosauroidea by Haubold (1971) and Haubold (1974); to Megalosauridae by Gardiner (1982); to Carnosauria by Delair (1973) and Zhao (1983); to Carnosauria by Molnar et al. (1990); to Megalosauroidea by Holtz (1995); to Tetanurae by Holtz (1994) and Holtz (2000); to Eustreptospondylidae by Mateus (2006); to Averostra by Benson et al. (2008); to Megalosauridae by d'Orbigny (1849), Gervais (1853), Gervais (1859), Huxley (1870), Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Vetter (1884), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Lydekker (1885), Zittel (1890), Baur (1891), Sauvage (1895), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Sauvage (1898), Van Den Broeck (1900), Sauvage (1900), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Hay (1902), Williston (1905), Lambe (1905), Arldt (1909), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Matthew and Brown (1922), Piveteau (1923), Huene (1923), Lull (1924), Depéret and Savornin (1925), Piveteau (1926), Huene (1926), Huene (1927), Depéret and Savornin (1928), Rama Rao (1932), Stromer (1934), Stromer (1934), Swinton (1936), Romer (1956), Bataller (1960), Delair (1960), Tatarinov (1964), Walker (1964), del Corro (1966), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Waldman (1974), Galton (1977), Madsen and Miller (1979), Molnar (1980), Santafé et al. (1982), Buscalioni and Sanz (1984), Welles (1984), Chabli (1986), Carroll (1988), Kurzanov (1989), Bakker et al. (1992), Currie and Zhao (1994), Holtz (1996), Gao (1999), Benson and Barrett (2009), Vila et al. (2011), Hanson and Makovicky (2013) and Hendrickx and Mateus (2014); and to Megalosaurinae by Nopcsa (1928), Paul (1988), Holtz et al. (2004), Carrano et al. (2012), Rauhut et al. (2016) and Rauhut et al. (2018).
It was considered a nomen dubium by Allain and Chure (2002).
It was assigned to Enaliosauri by Parkinson (1822); to Ameivoidea by Fitzinger (1826); to Lacertilia by Owen (1841); to Megalosauri by Fitzinger (1843); to Pachypodes by Meyer (1845); to Dinosauria by Owen (1842) and Quenstedt (1852); to Dinosauria by Pictet (1853); to Deinosauria by Mantell (1854); to Harpagosauria by Haeckel (1866); to Dinosaurii by Quenstedt (1867); to Goniopoda by Cope (1869); to Theropoda by Quenstedt (1882); to Goniopoda by Cope (1866) and Cope (1887); to Dinosauria by Owen (1854), Owen (1857), Owen (1859), Owen (1860), Owen (1861), Lennier (1870), Seeley (1881), Lydekker (1883), Lydekker (1887) and Mansel-Pleydell (1888); to Megalosaurinidae by Lydekker (1888); to Megalosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Theropoda by Dollo (1885), Gadow (1898) and Gadow (1901); to Theropoda by Winkler (1893), Sauvage (1896), Gadow (1897), Sauvage (1914) and Joleaud (1922); to Carnosauria by Kuhn (1939); to Megalosauroidea by Haubold (1971) and Haubold (1974); to Megalosauridae by Gardiner (1982); to Carnosauria by Delair (1973) and Zhao (1983); to Carnosauria by Molnar et al. (1990); to Megalosauroidea by Holtz (1995); to Tetanurae by Holtz (1994) and Holtz (2000); to Eustreptospondylidae by Mateus (2006); to Averostra by Benson et al. (2008); to Megalosauridae by d'Orbigny (1849), Gervais (1853), Gervais (1859), Huxley (1870), Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Vetter (1884), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Lydekker (1885), Zittel (1890), Baur (1891), Sauvage (1895), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Sauvage (1898), Van Den Broeck (1900), Sauvage (1900), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Hay (1902), Williston (1905), Lambe (1905), Arldt (1909), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Matthew and Brown (1922), Piveteau (1923), Huene (1923), Lull (1924), Depéret and Savornin (1925), Piveteau (1926), Huene (1926), Huene (1927), Depéret and Savornin (1928), Rama Rao (1932), Stromer (1934), Stromer (1934), Swinton (1936), Romer (1956), Bataller (1960), Delair (1960), Tatarinov (1964), Walker (1964), del Corro (1966), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Waldman (1974), Galton (1977), Madsen and Miller (1979), Molnar (1980), Santafé et al. (1982), Buscalioni and Sanz (1984), Welles (1984), Chabli (1986), Carroll (1988), Kurzanov (1989), Bakker et al. (1992), Currie and Zhao (1994), Holtz (1996), Gao (1999), Benson and Barrett (2009), Vila et al. (2011), Hanson and Makovicky (2013) and Hendrickx and Mateus (2014); and to Megalosaurinae by Nopcsa (1928), Paul (1988), Holtz et al. (2004), Carrano et al. (2012), Rauhut et al. (2016) and Rauhut et al. (2018).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1822 | Megalosaurus Parkinson p. 305 figs. Pl. 40-47 |
1826 | Megalosaurus Fitzinger p. 21 |
1826 | Megalosaurus conybearei Ritgen p. 354 |
1841 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 269 |
1842 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 103 |
1843 | Megalosaurus Fitzinger p. 35 |
1845 | Megalosaurus Meyer p. 281 |
1849 | Megalosaurus d'Orbigny p. 206 |
1852 | Megalosaurus Quenstedt p. 112 |
1853 | Megalosaurus Gervais p. 472 |
1853 | Megalosaurus Pictet p. 467 |
1854 | Megalosaurus Mantell p. 684 |
1854 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 19 |
1857 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 1 |
1859 | Megalosaurus Gervais p. 465 |
1859 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 151 |
1860 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 258 |
1861 | Megalosaurus Owen p. 286 |
1866 | Megalosaurus Cope p. 317 |
1866 | Megalosaurus Haeckel p. CXXXVI |
1867 | Megalosaurus Quenstedt p. 143 |
1869 | Megalosaurus Cope p. 100 |
1870 | Megalosaurus Huxley p. 34 |
1870 | Megalosaurus Lennier p. 35 |
1881 | Megalosaurus Seeley p. 620 |
1882 | Megalosaurus Marsh |
1882 | Megalosaurus Quenstedt p. 182 |
1882 | Megalosaurus Sauvage p. 35 |
1883 | Megalosaurus Lydekker p. 86 |
1884 | Altispinax dunkeri Dames pp. 186-188 |
1884 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Dames p. 186–188 |
1884 | Megalosaurus Dollo p. 298 |
1884 | Megalosaurus Marsh p. 69 |
1884 | Megalosaurus Vetter p. 363 |
1885 | Megalosaurus Dollo p. 36 |
1885 | Megalosaurus Lydekker p. 37 |
1885 | Megalosaurus Marsh p. 764 |
1887 | Megalosaurus Cope p. 222 |
1887 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Koken p. 8 |
1887 | Megalosaurus Lydekker p. 78 |
1888 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Lydekker pp. 59-60 |
1888 | Megalosaurus Lydekker p. 159 |
1888 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Lydekker p. 163 |
1888 | Megalosaurus Mansel-Pleydell p. 37 |
1889 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Lydekker p. 326 |
1889 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Newton p. 260 |
1890 | Megalosaurus Zittel p. 722 |
1890 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Zittel p. 724 |
1891 | Megalosaurus Baur p. 450 |
1893 | Megalosaurus Winkler p. 107 |
1895 | Megalosaurus Marsh |
1895 | Megalosaurus Sauvage p. 470 |
1896 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Depéret p. 190 |
1896 | Megalosaurus Marsh p. 239 |
1896 | Megalosaurus Sauvage p. 48 |
1897 | Megalosaurus Gadow p. 204 |
1898 | Megalosaurus Gadow p. 22 |
1898 | Megalosaurus Sauvage p. 8 |
1900 | Megalosaurus Sauvage p. 417 |
1900 | Megalosaurus Van Den Broeck p. 84 |
1900 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Van Den Broeck p. 84 |
1901 | Megalosaurus Gadow p. 421 |
1901 | Megalosaurus Nopcsa p. 200 |
1901 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Nopcsa p. 200 |
1902 | Megalosaurus Hay p. 487 |
1902 | Megalosaurus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxviii |
1905 | Megalosaurus Lambe p. 23 |
1905 | Megalosaurus Williston p. 345 |
1909 | Megalosaurus Arldt p. 262 |
1909 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Dollo p. 102 |
1909 | Megalosaurus Huene p. 15 |
1911 | Megalosaurus von Zittel p. 282 |
1914 | Megalosaurus Sauvage p. 254 |
1922 | Megalosaurus Joleaud p. 60 |
1922 | Megalosaurus Matthew and Brown p. 369 |
1923 | Megalosaurus Huene pp. 450-451, 457 |
1923 | Altispinax dunkeri Huene p. 453 |
1923 | Megalosaurus Piveteau p. 6 |
1924 | Megalosaurus Lull p. 229 |
1925 | Megalosaurus Depéret and Savornin pp. 1109-1110 |
1925 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Depéret and Savornin p. 1110 |
1926 | Altispinax dunkeri Huene p. 78 |
1926 | Megalosaurus Huene pp. 87-89 |
1926 | Altispinax dunkeri Huene p. 483 |
1926 | Megalosaurus Piveteau p. 34 |
1927 | Megalosaurus Huene p. 267 |
1927 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Royo y Gomez p. 126–127 |
1928 | Megalosaurus Depéret and Savornin p. 260 |
1928 | Streptospondylus dunkeri Depéret and Savornin pp. 261-263 |
1928 | Megalosaurus Nopcsa p. 183 |
1932 | Megalosaurus Rama Rao p. 224 |
1934 | Altispinax dunkeri Stromer p. 9 |
1934 | Megalosaurus Stromer p. 41 |
1936 | Altispinax dunkeri Stromer p. 67 |
1936 | Megalosaurus Swinton p. 208 |
1939 | Megalosaurus Kuhn p. 68 |
1939 | Altispinax dunkeri Kuhn p. 74 |
1956 | Megalosaurus Romer p. 615 |
1960 | Megalosaurus Bataller p. 157 |
1960 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Bataller p. 157 |
1960 | Megalosaurus Delair p. 77 |
1960 | Altispinax dunkeri Delair p. 79 |
1964 | Megalosaurus Tatarinov p. 537 |
1964 | Megalosaurus Walker p. 128 |
1966 | Megalosaurus Romer p. 369 |
1966 | Megalosaurus del Corro p. 2 |
1967 | Megalosaurus Charig p. 715 |
1969 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Quinet p. 30 |
1970 | Megalosaurus Steel p. 33 |
1970 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Steel p. 35 |
1970 | Megalosaurus Swinton pp. 142-145 |
1970 | Altispinax dunkeri Swinton p. 143 |
1971 | Megalosaurus Haubold p. 77 |
1973 | Megalosaurus Delair p. 2 |
1974 | Megalosaurus Haubold p. 46 |
1974 | Megalosaurus Waldman p. 326 |
1977 | Megalosaurus Galton p. 230 |
1979 | Megalosaurus Madsen and Miller p. 5 |
1980 | Megalosaurus Molnar p. 137 |
1982 | Megalosaurus Gardiner p. 222 |
1982 | Megalosaurus Santafé et al. p. 83 |
1982 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Santafé et al. p. 84 |
1983 | Megalosaurus Zhao p. 302 |
1984 | Megalosaurus Buscalioni and Sanz p. 12 |
1984 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Sanz p. 502 |
1984 | Altispinax dunkeri Taquet p. 217 |
1984 | Megalosaurus Welles p. 177 |
1986 | Megalosaurus Chabli pp. 70-71 |
1988 | Megalosaurus Carroll |
1988 | Megalosaurus Paul pp. 280-281 |
1989 | Megalosaurus Kurzanov p. 4 |
1990 | Megalosaurus Molnar et al. p. 191 |
1992 | Megalosaurus Bakker et al. p. 3 |
1992 | Megalosaurus dunkeri Cheevely and Chapman p. 349 |
1994 | Megalosaurus Currie and Zhao |
1994 | Megalosaurus Holtz |
1995 | Megalosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 35A |
1996 | Megalosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 42A |
1997 | Altispinax dunkeri Vickaryous and Ryan p. 488 |
1999 | Megalosaurus Gao |
2000 | Megalosaurus Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5 |
2003 | Prodeinodon dunkeri Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo pp. 112-113 |
2004 | Megalosaurus Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 72 |
2006 | Megalosaurus Mateus p. 226 |
2008 | Megalosaurus Benson et al. p. 420 |
2009 | Megalosaurus Benson and Barrett p. 140 |
2011 | Megalosaurus Vila et al. p. 158 |
2012 | Megalosaurus Carrano et al. p. 248 fig. 7 |
2013 | Megalosaurus Hanson and Makovicky p. 781 |
2014 | Megalosaurus Hendrickx and Mateus |
2016 | Megalosaurus Rauhut et al. p. 38 |
2018 | Megalosaurus Rauhut et al. p. 18 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Megalosaurus Parkinson 1822
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Subg. †Megalosaurus (Deinodon) Leidy 1857
†Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell 1827
†Megalosaurus dapukaensis Zhao 1985
†Megalosaurus tibetensis Zhao 1985
Invalid names: Megalosaurus conybearei Ritgen 1826 [nomen nudum], Megalosaurus dunkeri Dames 1884 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
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fibula circumference | 2 | 234.0 | 230.0 | 238.0 | 234.0 | 5.66 | |
humerus circumference | 1 | 191.0 | - | - | - | - | |
scapula circumference | 2 | 104.5 | 104.0 | 105.0 | 104.5 | 0.707 | |
ulna circumference | 1 | 142.0 | - | - | - | - |
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Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995 |
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Jurassic to the top of the Maastrichtian or 201.40000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (58 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Rhaetian | France (Franche-Comte) | M. sp. (90877) | |
Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Xizang) | M. tibetensis (165590) | |
Middle Jurassic | China (Xizang Zizhiqu) | M. dapukaensis (53673) | |
Late/Upper Bajocian - Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Loxodonta africana (59715) | |
Bajocian | United Kingdom (England) | M. bucklandi (52539) M. sp. (52541 52572 52573) | |
Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (57121 59362) | |
Early/Lower Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | M. bucklandi (52546) M. sp. (31054) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | M. bucklandi (52550) M. sp. (52551 53520 74835) Theropoda indet. (39075) | |
Middle Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (57140 59357) M. sp., M. bucklandii (57120) Scrotum humanum (59716) | |
Callovian | France (Franche-Comté) | M. sp. (67993) | |
Late/Upper Callovian | France (Basse-Normandie) | M. sp. a (52633) M. sp., M. gracilis (141177) | |
Middle Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (59127) | |
Middle Callovian - Late/Upper Callovian | France (Franche-Comté) | M. sp. (142143) | |
Oxfordian | France (Charentes) | M. sp. (90080) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | M. bucklandi (91991) | |
Middle Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (91992) | |
Kimmeridgian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (75743) | |
Kimmeridgian | Poland (Zachodniopomorskie) | M. sp. (163141) | |
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | United Kingdom (England) | Megalosauridae indet. (38656) | |
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | M. sp. (182492) | |
Tithonian | Tanzania (Lindi) | M. sp. (49820) | |
Middle Tithonian | France (Pas-de-Calais) | M. insignis (53966) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (80516 224727) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | M. dunkeri (48925) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian - Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | M. bucklandi (52571) M. sp. (187192) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian - Early/Lower Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (190893) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian - Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (222390) | |
Early/Lower Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (52649 91990) | |
Late/Upper Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | M. sp. (222518) | |
Barremian | Spain (La Rioja) | M. sp. (173556 173557 173558) | |
Aptian | Spain (La Rioja) | M. sp. (59099 227100 227101 227102) | |
Early/Lower Aptian | United Kingdom (England) | M. bucklandi (36581) | |
Albian | France (Lorraine) | M. sp. (140021 140022) | |
Middle Albian | France (Marne) | M. sp. (139920) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian | Belgium (Hainaut) | M. sp. (188778) | |
Maastrichtian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | M. sp. (58100) |