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Ginglymostomatidae (nurse shark)
Taxonomy
Ginglymostomatidae was named by Gill (1862). It is extant.
It was reranked as the subfamily Ginglymostominae by Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Scylliorhinidae by Hay (1902); to Orectoloboidei by van der Laan (2019); to Orectoloboidea by Cicimurri et al. (2022); to Hemiscyllioidea by Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2025); and to Orectolobiformes by Purdy et al. (2001), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Kriwet et al. (2009), Maisch IV et al. (2025).
It was reranked as the subfamily Ginglymostominae by Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Scylliorhinidae by Hay (1902); to Orectoloboidei by van der Laan (2019); to Orectoloboidea by Cicimurri et al. (2022); to Hemiscyllioidea by Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2025); and to Orectolobiformes by Purdy et al. (2001), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Kriwet et al. (2009), Maisch IV et al. (2025).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1862 | Ginglymostomatidae Gill |
| 1902 | Ginglymostominae Hay p. 310 |
| 2001 | Ginglymostomatidae Purdy et al. p. 100 |
| 2005 | Ginglymostomatidae Tabuce et al. p. 385 |
| 2006 | Ginglymostomatidae Underwood p. 234 |
| 2007 | Ginglymostomatidae Cahuzac et al. p. 15 |
| 2009 | Ginglymostomatidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 629 |
| 2009 | Ginglymostomatidae Kriwet et al. p. 322 |
| 2016 | Ginglymostomatidae Nelson et al. p. 62 |
| 2019 | Ginglymostomatidae Ebersole et al. p. 20 |
| 2019 | Ginglymostomatidae van der Laan p. 41 |
| 2021 | Ginglymostomatidae Rana et al. p. 4 |
| 2022 | Ginglymostomatidae Cicimurri et al. |
| 2025 | Ginglymostomatidae Cicimurri et al. p. 9 |
| 2025 | Ginglymostomatidae Maisch IV et al. p. 12 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Ginglymostomatidae Gill 1862 [nurse shark]
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G. †Cantioscyllium Woodward 1889
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†Cantioscyllium alhaulfi Kriwet 1999
†Cantioscyllium brachyplicatum Kriwet et al. 2009
†Cantioscyllium clementsi Case et al. 2019
†Cantioscyllium decipiens Woodward 1889
†Cantioscyllium estesi Herman 1977
†Cantioscyllium grandis Cicimurri et al. 2014
†Cantioscyllium meyeri Case and Cappetta 1997
G. †Delpitoscyllium Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
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†Delpitoscyllium africanum Leriche 1927
†Delpitoscyllium planum Davis 1890
G. Ginglymostoma Müller and Henle 1838
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†Ginglymostoma angolense Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Ginglymostoma botmaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma chenanei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
Ginglymostoma cirratum Gmelin 1789
†Ginglymostoma cuspidata Case et al. 2001
†Ginglymostoma delfortriei Daimeries 1889
†Ginglymostoma erramii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma khouribgaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma lithuanica Dalinkevičius 1935
†Ginglymostoma magrebianum Casier 1947
†Ginglymostoma malembeense Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Ginglymostoma maroccanum Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma pectinatum Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma sokotoense White 1934
†Ginglymostoma subafricanum Arambourg 1952
Invalid names: Acrodobatis Leidy 1877 [synonym]
G. †Hologinglymostoma Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
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†Hologinglymostoma jaegeri Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Nebrius Rüppell 1837
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†Nebrius bequaerti Leriche 1919
†Nebrius concolor Ruppel 1837
Nebrius ferrugineus Lesson 1831
†Nebrius obliquus Leidy 1877
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Invalid names: Ginglymostoma blanckenhorni Stromer 1903 [synonym], Ginglymostoma fourtaui Priem 1905 [synonym]
†Nebrius thielensi Winkler 1874
G. †Plicatoscyllium Case and Cappetta 1997
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†Plicatoscyllium antiquum Case and Cappetta 1997
†Plicatoscyllium derameei Case and Cappetta 1997
†Plicatoscyllium gharbii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Plicatoscyllium globidens Cappetta and Case 1975
†Plicatoscyllium lehneri Leriche 1938
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Invalid names: Ginglymostoma rugosum Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [synonym]
†Plicatoscyllium minutum Forir 1887
†Plicatoscyllium youssoufiaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus 1986
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Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum Geunther 1866
†Pseudoginglymostoma erguitaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Pseudoginglymostoma idiri Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 152.21000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.06 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.06 Ma
Collections (277 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | Cantioscyllium sp. (140224) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Spain (Teruel) | Cantioscyllium alhaulfi (91420) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Lithuania | Ginglymostoma lithuanica (213709 213710) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (73862 77232) Cantioscyllium sp. (77229 77230 77233) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | France | Cantioscyllium decipiens (242279) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | France | Cantioscyllium decipiens (241896) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Spain (Asturias) | Cantioscyllium sp. (98396) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Cantioscyllium estesi (14412) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lebanon | Cantioscyllium decipiens (221228 237945) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lithuania | Ginglymostoma lithuanica (213720) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Cantioscyllium sp. (88991) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Nebraska) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (239336) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Texas) | Cantioscyllium sp. (213298) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | USA (Texas) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (213299) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (35365) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Wyoming) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (241390) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (South Dakota) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (213291) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Nebraska) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (213389) | |
| Middle Turonian | France | Cantioscyllium decipiens (241894) | |
| Middle Turonian | France (Ardennes) | Cantioscyllium decipiens (213564) | |