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Cainotherioidea

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Cainotherioidea was named by Camp and VanDerHoof (1940).

It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Weppe et al. (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1940Cainotherioidea Camp and VanDerHoof
2019Cainotherioidea Weppe et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
superfamilyCainotherioideaCamp and VanDerHoof 1940
superfamilyCainotherioideaCamp and VanDerHoof 1940

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Cainotherioidea Camp and VanDerHoof 1940
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Fm. †Cainotheriidae Cope 1881
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Subfm. †Cainotheriinae Camp and VanderHoof 1940
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G. †Caenomeryx Hürzeler 1936
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†Caenomeryx filholi Lydekker 1885
†Caenomeryx procommunis Filhol 1877
G. †Cainotherium Bravard 1828
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†Cainotherium bavaricum Berger 1959
†Cainotherium commune Bravard 1835
†Cainotherium huerzeleri Heizmann 1983
†Cainotherium laticurvatum Geoffroy 1833
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Invalid names: Caenotherium commune Bravard 1835 [synonym], Caenotherium concinnum Meyer 1843 [synonym], Caenotherium cournonense Blainville 1849 [synonym], Caenotherium elegans Pomel 1847 [synonym], Caenotherium geoffroyi Pomel 1851 [synonym], Caenotherium leptognathum Leizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Caenotherium leptorhynchum Pomel 1846 [synonym], Caenotherium medium Blainville 1849 [synonym], Caenotherium metopias Pomel 1851 [synonym], Caenotherium minimum Bravard 1835 [synonym], Caenotherium nouleti Lartet 1851 [synonym]
†Cainotherium lintillae Baudelot and Crouzel 1974
†Cainotherium miocaenicum Crusafont-Pairo 1955
†Cainotherium renggeri Meyer 1837
Invalid names: Caenotherium Agassiz 1846 [objective synonym], Crinotherium Filhol 1882 [synonym]
G. †Plesiomeryx Gervais
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†Plesiomeryx cadurcensis Gervais 1873
†Plesiomeryx huerzeleri Berger 1959
G. †Procaenotherium Hürzeler 1936
Subfm. †Oxacroninae Hurzeler 1936
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G. †Oxacron Filhol
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†Oxacron courtoisi Gervais 1848
†Oxacron quinquedentatus Filhol 1877
G. †Paroxacron Hürzeler 1936
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†Paroxacron bergeri Heissig 1978
†Paroxacron valdense Stehlin 1906
G. †Palembertina Weppe et al. 2020
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†Palembertina deplasi Weppe et al. 2020
Fm. †Robiacinidae Weppe et al. 2019
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G. †Robiacina Sudre 1969
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†Robiacina lavergnensis Sudre 1977
†Robiacina minuta Sudre 1969
†Robiacina quercyi Sudre 1977
†Robiacina weidmanni Sudre 1978
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 300 gs
Minimum body mass: 300 gs
Body mass estimate: 300 g
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: grazero
Diet 2: browsero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 14:03:05
Modified: 2005-09-19 12:23:23
Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Legendre 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Bartonian to the top of the MN 6 or 41.03000 to 12.75000 Ma

Collections (82 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Spain (Aragon) Cainotherium sp. (39017)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) Robiacina minuta (31736)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Robiacina minuta (12840)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Spain (Barcelona) Robiacina sp. (142030 182219)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France (Maine-et-Loire) Cainotherium lintillae (148394)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Switzerland Robiacina weidmanni (31742)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Paroxacron sp. (41652)
MP 1937.71 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Paroxacron sp. (12846)
MP 1937.71 - 33.9France Paroxacron valdense (203743)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) Oxacron courtoisi (31747)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees region) Paroxacron sp. (12848) Robiacina quercyi (12853)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Cainotheriidae indet., Oxacron courtoisi (12854) Oxacron courtoisi (12843 12852 31764 31765) Paroxacron sp. (31635) Robiacina lavergnei (31745) Robiacina quercyi (12841)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Switzerland Oxacron valdense (31743)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) Cainotherium sp. (31744)
MP 20 - MP 2137.71 - 27.3France (Occitanie) Paroxacron sp. (183382)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3France (Auvergne Region) Paroxacron sp. (31767)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Paroxacron sp. (31583)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Germany Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Paroxacron bergeri (36984)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3France (Allier) Caenotherium laticurvatum (45585)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Belgium Oxacron courtoisi (31748)
MP 2133.9 - 27.3Czechia Paroxacron sp. (91467)
MP 2133.9 - 27.3France (Quercy) Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Paroxacron sp. (36708)
MP 2233.9 - 27.3France Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Caenomeryx procommunis, Paroxacron sp., Paroxacron bergeri, Plesiomeryx huerzeleri (203744) Plesiomeryx sp. (183452)
MP 2333.9 - 27.3France (Quercy) Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Caenomeryx procommunis (36711) Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Caenomeryx procommunis, Paroxacron bergeri, Plesiomeryx huerzeleri, Caenomeryx filholi (36709)
MP 2433.9 - 27.3France (Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur) Cainotheriidae indet. (37518)
MP 2433.9 - 27.3France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Caenomeryx sp. (182658)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3France Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Caenomeryx procommunis, Cainotheriidae sp. 1 (183381) Plesiomeryx cadurcensis, Paroxacron bergeri (59885)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany (Upper Bavaria) Cainotheriidae indet. (65205)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Switzerland (Canton Solothurn) Caenotherium sp. 1, Caenotherium sp. 2 (182805)
MP 2627.3 - 23.04France (Gard) Plesiomeryx sp., Caenomeryx communis (172927)
MP 2627.3 - 23.04France (Occitanie) Plesiomeryx sp. (183674)
MP 2827.3 - 23.04Germany Plesiomeryx huerzeleri (59886)
MP 2927.3 - 23.04France (Aquitaine) Cainotherium commune (37208)
MN 123.04 - 22.4Switzerland (Solothurn) Caenotherium sp. (71214)
Agenian23.04 - 20.0Switzerland (Fribourg) Cainotherium gracile (203089)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63Spain (Castile-La Mancha) Cainotherium miocaenicum (136269)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) Cainotherium sp. (200441)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333France Caenotherium miocaenicum (200296)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Cainotherium lintillae (148399)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Spain (Zaragoza) Caenotherium miocaenicum (40716)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Cainotherium sp., Cainotherium bavaricum (69098)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Spain (Valencia) Cainotherium sp. (40031)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France (Maine-et-Loire) Cainotherium lintillae (48069)
MN 320.0 - 16.9Germany (Bavaria) Cainotherium bavaricum (68040)
MN 320.0 - 16.9Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Cainotherium bavaricum (69179)
MN 3 - MN 420.0 - 15.98Switzerland (Zürich) Caenotherium sp. (46266)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.98France Cainotherium lintillae (142146)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.98Spain (Madrid) Cainotherium miocaenicum (40747)
MN 3 - MN 520.0 - 13.82France Cainotherium lintillae (94801)
MN 416.9 - 15.98Spain (Catalonia) Caenotherium miocaenicum (176265)
MN 416.9 - 15.98France (Centre) Cainotherium miocenicum (69116)
MN 416.9 - 15.98France (Gers) Cainotherium sp. (69099)
MN 416.9 - 15.98France (Midi-Pyrénées) Caenotherium sp. (71873)
MN 416.9 - 15.98Germany (Bavaria) Cainotherium bavaricum (28629)
MN 4 - MN 516.9 - 13.82Spain Cainotherium miocenicum (70805)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Spain (Catalonia) Cainotherium miocaenicum (180192)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82France (Region Centre) Cainotherium sp. (35441)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82France (Aquitaine Region) Cainotherium miocenicum (31326)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Switzerland (Schaffhausen) Cainotherium sp. (46267)
MN 515.98 - 13.82France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) Cainotherium huerzeleri (32072)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Cainotherium bavaricum (48325)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Portugal (Região Centro) Cainotherium miocenicum (136322)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) Cainotherium huerzeleri (175727)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Spain (Madrid) Cainotherium miocaenicum (197673 197674) Cainotherium sp. (197672)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63France (Gers) Cainotherium miocoenicum (143472)
Langhian - Tortonian15.98 - 7.246France (Maine-et-Loire) Cainotherium sp., Cainotherium lintillae (142149)
MN 613.82 - 12.75Germany (Bayern) Cainotherium huerzeleri (49521 49522)