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Botaurus

Reptilia - Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae

Taxonomy
Botaurus was named by Stephens (1819). It is extant. Its type is Ardea stellaris. It is the type genus of Botaurinae.

It was assigned to Botaurinae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956); and to Ardeidae by Carroll (1988), Emslie (1992), Mlikovsky (2002), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017).

Species
B. lentiginosus, B. pinnatus, B. poiciloptilus, B. stellaris
Species lacking formal opinion data
B. hibbardi

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1819Botaurus Stephens
1930Botaurus Hay p. 295
1940Botaurus Wetmore p. 16
1956Botaurus Wetmore p. 21
1988Botaurus Carroll
1992Botaurus Emslie p. 252
2002Botaurus Mlikovsky p. 69
2014Botaurus del Hoyo et al.
2017Botaurus Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Aequornithes
—Feraequornithes
superorderPelecanimorphaeHuxley 1867
orderPelecaniformesSharpe 1891
familyArdeidaeLeach 1820
genusBotaurusStephens 1819

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Botaurus Stephens 1819
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Botaurus lentiginosus Rackett 1813 [American bittern]
Botaurus pinnatus Wagler 1829 [Pinnated bittern]
Botaurus poiciloptilus Wagler 1827 [Australasian bittern]
Botaurus stellaris Linnaeus 1758 [great bittern]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantf
Diet: piscivoref
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 16:51:50
Modified: 2009-01-03 18:51:50
Source: f = family, o = order
References: Thiollay 1994, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Holocene or 2.58000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.8 Ma

Collections (12 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Kansas) B. hibbardi (19940)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Florida) B. sp., B. lentiginosus (19753)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8USA (Florida) B. lentiginosus (20384)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (California) B. lentiginosus (152008 192630)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) B. lentiginosus (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) B. lentiginosus (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) B. lentiginosus (20595 20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) B. lentiginosus (103991)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) B. lentiginosus (194911)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom B. stellaris (125443)