PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Palaeospheniscus

Reptilia

Species

Chubutodyptes biloculata, P. bergi (syn. Pseudospheniscus convexus, P. rothi, P. gracilis, Neculus rothi, P. medianus, P. nereius, P. planus, P. concavus, P. interplanus, Pseudospheniscus planus), P. biloculata (syn. Perispheniscus wimani), P. huxleyorum, P. patagonicus (syn. P. menzbieri, P. intermedius, P. affinis, P. interruptus)

Synonyms

Paraspheniscus was named by Ameghino (1905).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeospheniscus by Simpson (1972), Acosta Hospitaleche (2007) and Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008).

It was assigned to Spheniscidae by Lambrecht (1933); and to Palaeospheniscinae by Simpson (1946) and Brodkorb (1963).
Pseudospheniscus was named by Ameghino (1905).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeospheniscus by Simpson (1972).

It was assigned to Spheniscidae by Ameghino (1905), Lambrecht (1933) and Simpson (1946); and to Paraptenodytinae by Brodkorb (1963).
Treleudytes was named by Ameghino (1905).

It was synonymized subjectively with Paraptenodytes by Simpson (1972); it was synonymized subjectively with Palaeospheniscus by Acosta Hospitaleche (2007) and Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008).

It was assigned to Spheniscidae by Ameghino (1905), Lambrecht (1933) and Simpson (1946).
Perispheniscus was named by Ameghino (1905).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeospheniscus by Simpson (1972), Acosta Hospitaleche (2007) and Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008).

It was assigned to Spheniscidae by Ameghino (1905) and Lambrecht (1933); and to Palaeospheniscinae by Simpson (1946) and Brodkorb (1963).
Chubutodyptes was named by Simpson (1970).

It was synonymized subjectively with Palaeospheniscus by Acosta Hospitaleche (2007) and Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008).

It was assigned to Spheniscidae by Simpson (1970), Simpson (1972) and Carroll (1988).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1891	Palaeospheniscus Ameghino p. 447
1891	Palaeospheniscus Moreno and Mercerat p. 16 figs. Plate 2, Fig. 1, 2, 4
1905	Palaeospheniscus Ameghino p. 98
1905	Paraspheniscus Ameghino p. 115 figs. Plate II, Fig. 12 a, i
1905	Perispheniscus Ameghino p. 117
1905	Pseudospheniscus Ameghino p. 123
1905	Treleudytes Ameghino p. 156
1933	Palaeospheniscus Lambrecht p. 226
1933	Paraspheniscus Lambrecht p. 228
1933	Perispheniscus Lambrecht p. 229
1933	Pseudospheniscus Lambrecht p. 230
1933	Treleudytes Lambrecht p. 235
1946	Palaeospheniscus Simpson p. 26
1946	Paraspheniscus Simpson p. 29
1946	Pseudospheniscus Simpson p. 30
1946	Perispheniscus Simpson p. 31
1946	Treleudytes Simpson p. 31
1960	Palaeospheniscus Marples p. 194
1963	Palaeospheniscus Brodkorb p. 236
1963	Perispheniscus Brodkorb p. 237
1963	Paraspheniscus Brodkorb p. 238
1963	Pseudospheniscus Brodkorb p. 239
1964	Palaeospheniscus Brodkorb p. 203
1970	Chubutodyptes Simpson
1972	Palaeospheniscus Simpson
1972	Chubutodyptes Simpson p. 17
1985	Palaeospheniscus Olson p. 152
1988	Chubutodyptes Carroll
1988	Palaeospheniscus Carroll
2005	Palaeospheniscus Acosta Hospitaleche and Stucchi p. 2
2006	Palaeospheniscus Ksepka et al. p. 416
2007	Palaeospheniscus Acosta Hospitaleche
2008	Palaeospheniscus Acosta Hospitaleche et al. p. 568
2008	Palaeospheniscus Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi p. 115
2022	Palaeospheniscus Acosta Hospitaleche and Picasso
2023	Palaeospheniscus Tambussi et al. p. 273

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Aequornithes
—	Feraequornithes
superorder	Procellariimorphae
—	Sphenisciformes	(Sharpe 1891)
subfamily	Palaeospheniscinae
genus	Palaeospheniscus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Palaeospheniscus Moreno and Mercerat 1891

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†Palaeospheniscus bergi Moreno and Mercerat 1891

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Invalid names: Palaeospheniscus concavus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus gracilis Ameghino 1899 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus interplanus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus planus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus rothi Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Pseudospheniscus convexus Ameghino 1905 [synonym]

†Palaeospheniscus biloculata Simpson 1970

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Invalid names: Perispheniscus wimani Ameghino 1905 [synonym]

†Palaeospheniscus huxleyorum Simpson 1973

†Palaeospheniscus patagonicus Moreno and Mercerat 1891

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Invalid names: Palaeospheniscus affinis Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus intermedius Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus interruptus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Palaeospheniscus menzbieri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym]

Invalid names: Chubutodyptes Simpson 1970 [synonym], Paraspheniscus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Perispheniscus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Pseudospheniscus Ameghino 1905 [synonym], Treleudytes Ameghino 1905 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
C. Acosta Hospitaleche and C. Tambussi 2008	Larger than Eretiscus.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2017-04-17 10:40:01

Modified:

2017-04-17 10:40:01

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: base of the Colhuehuapian to the top of the Zanclean or 21.00000 to 3.60000 Ma

Collections (12 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Argentina	Pseudospheniscus concavus (45887)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Argentina (Chubut)	P. wimani (142513)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina (Chubut)	Neculus rothi, P. gracilis, P. bergi, P. medianus, P. rothi, P. affinis, P. menzbieri, P. interruptus, P. patagonicus, Chubutodyptes biloculata (47303)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina	P. planus, P. intermedius (74645)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina (Chubut)	P. bergi (152083) P. patagonicus (80914)
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Chubut)	Diogenornis sp. (145897)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Argentina (Chubut)	P. gracillis (45886)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Peru (Ica)	P. sp. (100330)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Argentina	P. bergi (136063)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	South Africa	P. huxleyorum (74772 100313)