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Pygoscelis

Osteichthyes - Spheniscidae

Taxonomy
Pygoscelis was named by Wagler (1832). It is extant.

It was assigned to Spheniscinae by Simpson (1946); and to Spheniscidae by Carroll (1988), Acosta Hospitaleche et al. (2006), Walsh and Suarez (2006), Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi (2008), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017).

Species
P. adeliae, P. antarcticus, P. calderensis, P. grandis, P. papua, P. tyreei
Entered
by J. Hunter on 2003-01-23; modified by M. Clapham on 2018-04-11

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1832Pygoscelis Wagler
1841Catarrhactes Hombron and Jacquinot
1946Pygoscelis Simpson p. 41
1988Pygoscelis Carroll
2006Pygoscelis Acosta Hospitaleche et al.
2006Pygoscelis Walsh and Suarez p. 117
2008Pygoscelis Acosta Hospitaleche and Tambussi p. 122
2014Pygoscelis del Hoyo et al.
2017Pygoscelis Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Aequornithes
—Feraequornithes
superorderProcellariimorphae
—Sphenisciformes(Sharpe 1891)
familySpheniscidaeBonaparte 1831
genusPygoscelisWagler 1832

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Pygoscelis Wagler 1832
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Pygoscelis adeliae Hombon and Jacquinot 1841 [Adelie penguin]
Pygoscelis antarcticus Forster 1781 [chinstrap penguin]
†Pygoscelis calderensis Acosta Hospitaleche et al. 2006
†Pygoscelis grandis Walsh and Suarez 2006
Pygoscelis papua Forester 1781 [gentoo penguin]
†Pygoscelis tyreei Simpson 1972
Invalid names: Catarrhactes Hombron and Jacquinot 1841 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
C. Acosta Hospitaleche and C. Tambussi 2008“Spheniscinae” type
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:40:01
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:40:01
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Benton 1983, Kiessling 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Messinian to the top of the Holocene or 7.24600 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma

Collections (7 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chile P. calderensis (100171)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Chile P. grandis (69731)
Nukumaruan2.4 - 1.63New Zealand P. tyreei (74757)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Antarctica P. adeliae (90111 215322) P. papua, P. adeliae, P. antarctica (177180) P. sp., P. papua, P. adeliae (177151)