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Fragilariales

Bacillariophyceae - Fragilariales

Taxonomy
Fragilariales was named by Silva (1962). It is extant.

It was assigned to Bacillariophyceae by Silva (1962).

Subtaxa
Fragilariaceae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1962Fragilariales Silva

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomProtista
phylumOchrophyta
classBacillariophyceaeHaeckel 1878
RankNameAuthor
orderFragilariales
orderFragilariales

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Fragilariales Silva 1962
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Fm. Fragilariaceae Greville 1833
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G. Asterionella Hassall 1850
G. Ceratoneis Ehrenberg 1839
G. †Creania Olney et al. 2009
G. Diatoma Bory de Saint-Vincent 1822
G. Fragilaria Lyngbye 1819
G. Meridion Agardh 1824
G. †Neosynedra Williams and Round 1986
G. Opephora Petit 1888
G. Podocystis Bail
G. Raphoneis Ehrenberg 1844
G. Synedra Ehrenberg 1830
+
Synedra capitata Ehrenberg 1830
G. Synedropsis Hasle et al. 1994
Invalid names: Fragilarioideae [empty], Tabellarioideae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicac
Environment: marine, brackish, freshwaterc
Diet: "photoautotroph"c
Created: 2008-03-19 02:48:18
Modified: 2008-03-19 04:48:18
Source: c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma

Collections (254 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Northwest Territories) Raphoneis elliptica (57639 57643 57647 57653 57658)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Southern Ocean Fragilaria sp., Creania lacyae (244189) Synedropsis cheethamii (244348) Synedropsis sp. (244347)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98North Pacific Synedra miocenica (261373) Synedra sp.1 (268450 268453)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (256672 256673 256675 256677 256678 256680 256681 256682 256683 256684 256686 256688 256689) Synedropsis cheethamii, Creania lacyae (256674)
Aquitanian - Langhian23.04 - 13.82USA (North Carolina) Synedra jouseana (48887)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Indian Ocean Synedra jouseana (247772 247776 247782 247783 247784)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Washington) Fragilaria undata (224397)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Southern Ocean Creania lacyae (246841 246843) Synedropsis cheethamii (242757 246429 246645 246648) Synedropsis sp. C (242749 242752 242753 246425 246647)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (246643)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) Fragilaria nankoorensis, Podocystis spathulata (224619)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Southern Ocean Creania lacyae (256668) Fragilaria sp. (246509) Synedropsis cheethamii (246727 246728 246730 246733 246734)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63North Pacific Synedra sp.1 (261346 268410 268411 268412 268414 268415 268416 268417 268421 268422 268426 268427 268430 268432 268434 268436 268437 268442)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63USA (Virginia) Raphoneis amphiceros, Raphoneis lancettula, Raphoneis scutula (57700)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333North Pacific Synedra sp.1 (261303 261305 261306 261310 261312 261313 261315 261316 261317 261318 261320 261321 261322 261325 261328 261331 261332 268339 268340 268341 268342 268343 268344 268346 268348 268349 268350 268351 268352 268354 268355 268359 268361 268362 268363 268365 268366 268367 268368 268369 268373 268374 268375 268376 268377 268378 268379 268380 268381 268383 268384 268385 268386 268387 268388 268389 268391 268392 268394 268395 268396 268397 268398 268399 268400 268402 268406)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (243901 243906 243909 246702 246706 247489 247490 247498 247501 247502 247507 251400 251403 255277 255278 255280) Synedropsis cheethamii, Creania lacyae (247505 247508 251401 251402 255281) Synedropsis sp. C (246689) Synedropsis spp. (251398 258574) Synedropsis spp., Creania lacyae (251397 258571 258572)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (243889)
Late/Upper Miocene - Pliocene11.63 - 2.58Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (251396)
Late/Upper Miocene - Pliocene11.63 - 2.58North Pacific Synedra sp.1 (261294 268335 268336 268337 268338)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Armenia (Ararat) Synedra sp., Fragilaria sp. (219091)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (243886)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Japan Raphoneis ischaboensis, Raphoneis sp., Fragilaria sp. (55643)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (247474 248891 248895 248897 255276) Synedropsis cheethamii, Synedropsis spp. (247477) Synedropsis cheethamii, Synedropsis spp., Creania lacyae (251395) Synedropsis spp. (248902)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58North Pacific Synedra sp.1 (268318 268330 268331 268333 268334)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Synedra indica, Fragilaria constuens, Opephora sp. (234661)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117North Pacific Synedra sp.1 (268311)
Pliocene - Quaternary5.333 - 0.0Chile (Atacama) Raphoneis sp., Raphoneis simonsenii (221934)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (California) Opephora sp. (234637)
NN163.75 - 2.5Indian Ocean Synedra unla (252384)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (243883)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Ethiopia (Upr WebiShebele Basn) Fragilaria sp. (22571) Synedra sp., Fragilaria sp. (22569 22570)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8North Pacific Raphoneis amphiceros (272474)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (California) Synedra indica (234664)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117North Pacific Fragilaria sp. (271714 272032 272041) Fragilaria spp. (271238) Meridion spp. (272038) Synedra sp.1 (261270 268310)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117India (Kashmir) Synedra gaillonii, Synedra obtusa, Synedra pulchella, Synedra vitrea, Fragilaria capucina, Fragilaria construens, Synedra capitata (224663)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Southern Ocean Creania lacyae (246806) Synedropsis spp. (247600 247607 247608)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0North Pacific Fragilaria sp. (273554)
NN172.5 - 2.4Indian Ocean Synedra unla, Fragilaria leptostauron (252361)
NN182.4 - 1.9Indian Ocean Synedra unla (252342 252347)
NN191.9 - 0.42Indian Ocean Fragilaria leptostauron (252291)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774North Pacific Fragilaria cylindrus (269438) Fragilaria oceanica (269423 269424 269425 269429) Fragilaria oceanica, Fragilaria cylindrus (269426 269428 269430 269434 269435 269436) Fragilaria sp. (271109 271157 271178 273732) Fragilaria spp. (271082 271093 271097 273297) Opephora marina (272047) Raphoneis amphiceros (271086 271088 271091 271147 272463 273736) Synedra spp. (273897)
NN210.29 - 0.0North Pacific Synedra tabulata (250243)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (California) Fragilaria brevistriata, Fragilaria construens (184914 184916) Fragilaria pinnata, Fragilaria brevistriata, Fragilaria construens (184918) Fragilaria pinnata, Fragilaria construens, Fragilaria brevistriata (184915 184917)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Southern Ocean Synedropsis cheethamii (244340) Synedropsis sp. (244341)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Fragilaria brevistriata, Fragilaria construens, Fragilaria lapponica (63150)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0North Atlantic Fragilaria martyi (35075)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sweden Opephora marina, Opephora pacifica (35074)