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Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
Taxonomy
Antilocapridae was named by Gray (1866). It is extant. Its type is Antilocapra.
It was assigned to Ruminantia by Gray (1866); to Pecora by Flower (1883); to Booidea by Hay (1902); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); to Pecora by Cook (1934); to Bovoidea by Carroll (1988); to Pecora by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Artiodactyla by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Nowak (1991), Davis (2007); to Pecora by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Spaulding et al. (2009); and to Ruminantia by Gregory (1910), Bravo-Cuevas et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Ruminantia by Gray (1866); to Pecora by Flower (1883); to Booidea by Hay (1902); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); to Pecora by Cook (1934); to Bovoidea by Carroll (1988); to Pecora by Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Artiodactyla by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Nowak (1991), Davis (2007); to Pecora by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Spaulding et al. (2009); and to Ruminantia by Gregory (1910), Bravo-Cuevas et al. (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1866 | Antilocapridae Gray p. 325 |
| 1883 | Antilocapridae Flower p. 185 |
| 1891 | Antilocapridae Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
| 1902 | Antilocapridae Hay p. 686 |
| 1908 | Antilocapridae Matthew p. 561 |
| 1910 | Antilocapridae Gregory p. 466 |
| 1911 | Antilocapridae Jaekel p. 234 |
| 1934 | Antilocapridae Cook p. 161 |
| 1980 | Antilocapridae Kurten and Anderson p. 319 |
| 1988 | Antilocapridae Carroll |
| 1991 | Antilocapridae Nowak |
| 2003 | Antilocapridae Hassanin and Douzery |
| 2007 | Antilocapridae Davis p. 229 |
| 2008 | Antilocapridae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2 |
| 2009 | Antilocapridae Spaulding et al. |
| 2013 | Antilocapridae Bravo-Cuevas et al. p. 604 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Antilocapridae Gray 1866 [pronghorn]
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Subfm. †Antilocaprinae Gray 1866
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G. †Capromeryx Matthew 1902
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†Capromeryx arizonensis Skinner 1942
†Capromeryx arizonensis schultzi Skinner 1942
†Capromeryx gidleyi Frick 1937
†Capromeryx mexicana Furlong 1925
†Capromeryx tauntonensis Morgan and Morgan 1995
Invalid names: Breameryx Furlong Eustace 1946 [synonym], Dorcameryx [synonym]
G. †Sphenophalos Merriam 1909
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†Sphenophalos garciae Webb 1973
†Sphenophalos middleswarti Barbour and Schultz 1941
†Sphenophalos nevadanus Merriam 1909
Tr. †Stockoceratini Frick 1937
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G. †Stockoceros Skinner 1942
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†Stockoceros conklingi Stock 1930
†Stockoceros onusrosagris Roosevelt and Burden 1934
†Stockoceros onusrosagris nebrascensis Skinner 1942
G. †Tetrameryx Lull 1921
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†Tetrameryx irvingtonensis Stirton 1939
†Tetrameryx knoxensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1960
†Tetrameryx mooseri Dalquest 1974
†Tetrameryx shuleri Lull 1921
†Tetrameryx tacubayensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975
G. †Hexameryx White 1941
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G. †Ilingoceros Merriam 1909
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†Ilingoceros alexandrae Merriam 1909
†Ilingoceros schizoceras Merriam 1911
Subfm. †Merycodontinae Matthew 1904
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G. †Cosoryx Leidy 1869
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Subg. †Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) Frick 1937
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†Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
†Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) wilsoni Frick 1937
Subg. †Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) Frick 1937
†Cosoryx furcatus Leidy 1869
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†Cosoryx furcatus mooki Frick 1937
†Cosoryx furcatus sternbergi Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cosoryx agilis Douglass 1899 [synonym], Cosoryx burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Cosoryx furcatus stembergi Frick 1937
†Cosoryx ilfonsensis Frick 1937
G. †Ramoceros Frick 1937
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Subg. †Ramoceros (Merriamoceros) Frick 1937
Subg. †Ramoceros (Paramoceros) Frick 1937
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†Ramoceros (Paramoceros) brevicornis Frick 1937
†Ramoceros (Paramoceros) marthae Frick 1937
†Ramoceros (Paramoceros) palmatus Frick 1937
†Ramoceros osborni Matthew 1904
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Invalid names: Ramoceros (Paramoceros) howardae Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros (Paramoceros) kansanus Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros hitchcockensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Ramoceros ramosus Cope 1874
†Ramoceros ramosus quadratus Frick 1937
G. †Merycodus Leidy 1854
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†Meryceros warreni johnsoni Frick 1937
†Merycodus crucensis Frick 1937
†Merycodus hookwayi Furlong 1934
†Merycodus joraki Frick 1937
†Merycodus major Frick 1937
†Merycodus minimus Frick 1937
†Merycodus minor Frick 1937
†Merycodus necatus Leidy 1854
†Merycodus sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
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Invalid names: Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) savaronis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Merycodus tehuanus Cope 1877
†Merycodus trilateralis Cope 1877
Invalid names: Dicrocerus Cope 1875 [synonym], Meryceros Frick 1937 [synonym], Merycodus prodromus Cook 1934 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paracosoryx Frick 1937
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†Paracosoryx alticornis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx dawesensis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx furlongi Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx loxoceros Furlong 1934
†Paracosoryx nevadensis Merriam 1911
†Paracosoryx wilsoni Frick 1937
G. †Plioceros Frick 1937
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†Plioceros blicki Frick 1937
†Plioceros dehlini Frick 1937
†Plioceros floblairi Frick 1937
G. †Texoceros Frick 1937
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†Texoceros altidens Matthew 1924
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Invalid names: Capromeryx texanus Hesse 1935 [synonym], Dorcameryx optimae Reed and Longnecker 1928 [synonym]
†Texoceros edensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros guymonensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros minorei Frick 1937
†Texoceros vaughani Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosorycinae Frick 1937 [empty], Ramocerotinae Frick 1937 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Nowak 1999 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Harrisonian to the top of the Holocene or 24.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma
Collections (613 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Wyoming) | Antilocapridae indet. (91212) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Merycodus prodromus (17737) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Capromeryx altidens (19376) Merycodontinae indet. (19442) Merycodus necatus (19441) Merycodus sp. (19428 19583 19606) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | Cosoryx furcatus (18210) Meryceros warreni (18025) Merycodus sp. (18313 18350 18436) Merycodus warreni (18354) Plioceros dehlini (18274) Plioceros sp. (18296) | |
| Miocene | USA (Oregon) | Merycodus sp. (18865 18955) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Merriamoceros sp., Paracosoryx sp. (18969) Merycodus necatus (18966) Merycodus sp. (18812 18919) Sphenophalos blicki (18869 18931 19067) | |
| Miocene | USA (Colorado) | Antilocapridae indet. (19008) Merycodus sp. (18310 18874) | |
| Miocene | USA (Washington) | Antilocapridae indet. (18903) | |
| Miocene | USA (Arizona) | Antilocapridae indet. (19385) Merycodus sp. (19355) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Antilocapridae indet. (19040 19048 19050 19129) Merycodus nevadensis (18922) Merycodus sp. (18836 18837 18838) | |
| Miocene | USA (Kansas) | Cosoryx furcatus (18122) Plioceros sp. (18044) | |
| Miocene | USA (Texas) | Antilocapridae indet. (18103) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Dakota) | Merycodus furcatus (18084 18085 18183 18380 18383 18384) Merycodus sp. (18064 18081 18185 18385) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (New Mexico) | Merycodus sabulonis (19388) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Cosoryx dawesensis (17917) Cosoryx sp. (17897 17984) Cosoryx wilsoni, Merycodus sabulonis (17961) Meryceros minor (18000) Merycodontinae indet. (17907 17915 17990) Merycodus sabulonis (17920) Merycodus wilsoni (17991) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (New Mexico) | Merycodus sabulonis (19434) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Wyoming) | Antilocapridae indet. (19082 19083) Antilocapridae indet., Cosoryx wilsoni (18873) Meryceros sp. (17957) Merycodus sabulonis (19074 19081) Merycodus sabulonis, Cosoryx wilsoni (19073 19075 19078) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nevada) | Cosoryx wilsoni (18962) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Merycodus sp. (19586) | |
| Late/Upper Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Cosoryx wilsoni (17889) | |