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Macraucheniidae
Taxonomy
Macraucheniidae was named by Ameghino (1889). It is not extant. It is the type family of Macrauchenioidea.
It was corrected as Macrauchenidae by Ameghino (1889) and Scott (1913).
It was assigned to Perissodactyla by Cope (1881); to Perissodactyla by Ameghino (1885); to Toxodontia by Cope (1889); to Perissodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Litopterna by Gregory (1910); to Litopterni by Jaekel (1911); to Macrauchenioidea by Cifelli (1983); and to Litopterna by Ameghino (1889), Lydekker (1894), Scott (1913), Simpson (1934), Rusconi (1934), Simpson (1948), Paula Couto (1952), Carroll (1988), MacFadden et al. (1993) and Shockey et al. (2009).
It was corrected as Macrauchenidae by Ameghino (1889) and Scott (1913).
It was assigned to Perissodactyla by Cope (1881); to Perissodactyla by Ameghino (1885); to Toxodontia by Cope (1889); to Perissodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Litopterna by Gregory (1910); to Litopterni by Jaekel (1911); to Macrauchenioidea by Cifelli (1983); and to Litopterna by Ameghino (1889), Lydekker (1894), Scott (1913), Simpson (1934), Rusconi (1934), Simpson (1948), Paula Couto (1952), Carroll (1988), MacFadden et al. (1993) and Shockey et al. (2009).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1881 | Macraucheniidae Cope p. 398 |
| 1885 | Macraucheniidae Ameghino p. 82 |
| 1889 | Macrauchenidae Ameghino p. 523 |
| 1889 | Macraucheniidae Ameghino p. 523 |
| 1889 | Macraucheniidae Cope p. 876 |
| 1891 | Macraucheniidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
| 1894 | Macraucheniidae Lydekker p. 62 |
| 1910 | Macraucheniidae Gregory p. 466 |
| 1911 | Macrauchenidae Jaekel p. 245 |
| 1913 | Macrauchenidae Scott p. 489 |
| 1934 | Macrauchenidae Rusconi p. 24 |
| 1934 | Macraucheniidae Simpson |
| 1948 | Macraucheniidae Simpson |
| 1952 | Macraucheniidae Paula Couto |
| 1983 | Macraucheniidae Cifelli |
| 1988 | Macraucheniidae Carroll |
| 1993 | Macraucheniidae MacFadden et al. p. 235 |
| 2009 | Macraucheniidae Shockey et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Macraucheniidae Ameghino 1889
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Subfm. †Cramaucheniinae Ameghino 1902
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G. †Coniopternium Ameghino 1894
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†Coniopternium andinum Ameghino 1894
†Coniopternium primitivum Cifelli and Soria 1983
G. †Cramauchenia Ameghino 1902
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†Cramauchenia insolitus Ameghino 1902
†Cramauchenia normalis Ameghino 1902
G. †Polymorphis Roth 1899
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†Polymorphis alius Ameghino 1901
†Polymorphis lechei Roth 1899
†Polymorphis planus Roth 1899
Invalid names: Megacrodon Roth 1899 [synonym]
G. †Pternoconius Cifelli and Soria 1983
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†Pternoconius bondi Cheme-Arriaga et al. 2016
†Pternoconius polymorphoides Cifelli and Soria 1983
†Pternoconius tournoueri Soria and Hoffstetter 1985
G. †Theosodon Ameghino 1887
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†Theosodon arozquetai McGrath et al. 2018
†Theosodon fontanae Ameghino 1891
†Theosodon frenguellii Soria 1981
†Theosodon garretorum Scott 1910
†Theosodon gracilis Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Theosodon debilis Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Theosodon patagonensis Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Theosodon karaikensis Ameghino 1904
†Theosodon lydekkeri Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Theosodon frenzeli Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Theosodon lallemanti Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Theosodon patagonicum Ameghino 1891
†Theosodon pozzi Kraglievich and Parodi 1931
Invalid names: Theosodontinae Ameghino 1902 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Ernestohaeckelia Ameghino 1901
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†Ernestohaeckelia aculeata Ameghino 1901
†Ernestohaeckelia acutidens Ameghino 1901
G. †Macrauchenidia Cabrera 1939
Subfm. †Macraucheniinae Gervais 1855
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G. †Huayqueriana Kraglievich 1934
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†Huayqueriana cristata Rovereto 1914
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Invalid names: Macrauchenidia latidens Cabrera 1939 [synonym]
G. †Macrauchenia Owen 1838
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†Macrauchenia antiqua Ameghino 1887
†Macrauchenia boliviensis Huxley 1860
†Macrauchenia formosa Moreno 1888
†Macrauchenia intermedia Moreno 1888
†Macrauchenia patagonica Owen 1838
†Macrauchenia ullomensis Sefve 1914
G. †Oxyodontherium Ameghino 1883
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†Oxyodontherium piramydatus Ameghino 1885
†Oxyodontherium zeballozi Ameghino 1883
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Invalid names: Macrauchenia minuta Burmeister 1885 [synonym]
†Oxyodontotherium angustidens Lydekker 1894
G. †Paranauchenia Ameghino 1904
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†Paranauchenia denticulata Ameghino 1891
†Paranauchenia denticulatum Ameghino 1891
†Paranauchenia hystatus Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. †Promacrauchenia Ameghino 1904
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†Promacrauchenia antiqua Ameghino 1887
†Promacrauchenia calchaquiorum Rovereto 1914
†Promacrauchenia chapalmalense Ameghino 1908
†Promacrauchenia cristata Rovereto 1914
†Promacrauchenia ensenadense Ameghino 1888
G. †Scalabrinitherium Ameghino 1883
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†Scalabrinia paranaensis Bravard 1858
†Scalabrinitherium bravardi Ameghino 1883
†Scalabrinitherium rothii Ameghino 1885
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Invalid names: Macrauchenia media Burmeister 1885 [synonym]
G. †Macrauchenopsis Paula Couto 1945
G. †Pseudomacrauchenia Kraglievich 1930
G. †Victorlemoineia Ameghino 1901
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†Victorlemoinea longidens Ameghino 1901
†Victorlemoineia emarginata Ameghino 1901
†Victorlemoineia labyrinthica Ameghino 1901
†Victorlemoineia prototypica Paula Couto 1952
Invalid names: Polymorphinae Simpson 1945 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, MacFadden et al. 1996, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Casamayoran to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Collections (189 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Riochican | Argentina (Chubut) | Victorlemoineia sp. (13781) | |
| Casamayoran | Argentina (Chubut) | Ernestohaeckelia aculeata (176285) | |
| Ypresian | Argentina (Chubut) | Victorlemoineia sp. (133040) | |
| Eocene - Miocene | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Macrauchenia patachonica (50077) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | Victorlemoineia prototypica (118314) | |
| Mustersan | Argentina (Chubut) | Lambdaconus alius (176286) Megacrodon planus, Polymorphis lechei (176290) Polymorphis lechei (176289) | |
| Lutetian | Argentina (Chubut) | Victorlemoineia indet. (44956 176170) Victorlemoineia longidens (176059) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Ernestohaeckelia acutidens, Victorlemoineia labyrinthica, Victorlemoineia emarginata, Anisolambda longidens, Amilnedwardsia brevicula (176164) | |
| Bartonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Rutimeyeria conulifera (13779) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Antarctica | Victorlemoinea sp. (173115) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Piaui) | Macrauchenia patachonica (71331 71332 71333 71334 71335) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Uruguay | Macrauchenia sp. (211646) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Bahia) | Xenorhinotherium bahiense (136498) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Bolivia (Tarija) | Macrauchenia patagonica (142158) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Macrauchenia patachonica (147598 149143 151520 151522 151539) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | Macrauchenia sp. (71284) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) | Xenorhinotherium bahiense (148309) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Brazil (Bahia) | Xenorhinotherium bahiensis (212449) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Macrauchenia sp. (191127) | |
| Holocene | Chile (Ultima Esperanza) | Macrauchenia sp. (151088) | |