PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Archaeohippus blackbergi

Osteichthyes - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy

Miohippus blackbergi was named by Hay (1924). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Garvin Gully, which is in a Hemingfordian terrestrial horizon in the Oakville Formation of Texas.

It was recombined as Parahippus blackbergi by White (1942); it was recombined as Archaeohippus blackbergi by Wood and Wood (1937), Stirton (1940), Quinn (1955), Bader (1956), Forsten (1975), MacFadden (1998), Emry and Eshelman (1998), O'Sullivan (2003).

Synonyms

Archaeohippus nanus was named by Simpson (1932) [type locality is Thomas Farm [18597]]. Its type specimen is FSGS V5254, a maxilla (right P1-M3), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Parahippus blackbergi by White (1942) and Bader (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Archaeohippus blackbergi by Wood and Wood (1937), Downs (1956), Forsten (1975), Dingus (1990), MacFadden (2001).
Parahippus minutalis was named by Hay (1924). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Garvin Gully, which is in a Hemingfordian terrestrial horizon in the Oakville Formation of Texas.

It was recombined as Archaeohippus minutalis by Stirton (1940); it was synonymized subjectively with Archaeohippus blackbergi by Forsten (1975), Dingus (1990), O'Sullivan (2003).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1924	Miohippus blackbergi Hay pp. 4-5
1924	Parahippus minutalis Hay p. 6
1932	Archaeohippus nanus Simpson p. 28 figs. 14 - 17
1937	Parahippus minutalis Schlaikjer p. 271
1937	Archaeohippus blackbergi Wood and Wood
1940	Archaeohippus blackbergi Stirton p. 176
1940	Archaeohippus minutalis Stirton p. 176
1940	Archaeohippus nanus Stirton p. 176
1942	Parahippus blackbergi White
1955	Archaeohippus nanus Quinn
1955	Archaeohippus blackbergi Quinn p. 12
1956	Archaeohippus blackbergi Bader
1975	Archaeohippus blackbergi Forsten p. 3
1998	Archaeohippus blackbergi Emry and Eshelman
1998	Archaeohippus blackbergi MacFadden p. 546
2003	Archaeohippus blackbergi O'Sullivan

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
superfamily	Equoidea
family	Equidae
subfamily	Anchitheriinae	()
genus	Archaeohippus
species	blackbergi	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Archaeohippus blackbergi Hay 1924

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Invalid names: Archaeohippus nanus Simpson 1932 [synonym], Parahippus minutalis Hay 1924 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
G. G. Simpson 1932 (Archaeohippus nanus)	An Archaeohippus about 10% smaller than A. ultimus. Slightly lower crowned than that species or A. penultimus. P1 relatively large, M3 reduced. M3 subtriangular, hypocone small and not fully internal. Lower grinders generally with external and internal cingula. Feet (referred) Parahippus-like, metapodials relatively long and slender.
A. -M. Forsten 1975	Small, brachyodont. Upper cheek teeth with metaloph connected to ectoloph, or occasionally disconnected. Marked protoconule, slight or submerged metaconule. Crochet variable, disconnected or rarely connected to protoloph in deciduous teeth; additional plications on metaloph rare. Anterior cingulum well developed, slight lingual cingulum. Lower cheek teeth with metaconid and metastylid usually separated. Anterior and posterior cingulum; labial cingulum variable. Cement rare. M3/3 reduced relative to M2/2

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-31 16:55:50

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Early/Lower Hemingfordian or 23.04000 to 16.30000 Ma

Collections (13 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian	23.04 - 20.45	USA (North Carolina)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (71651)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Texas)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (18685)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Florida)	Parahippus blackbergi (18522)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	USA (Delaware)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (18579)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (Texas)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (18694)
Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (South Dakota)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (17912)
Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (Texas)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (18617 18635) Miohippus blackbergi, Parahippus sp. (type locality: 18626)
Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (Florida)	Archaeohippus nanus (18561) Parahippus blackbergi (18586 18597)
Late/Upper Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (Florida)	Archaeohippus blackbergi (18512)