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Bunophorus etsagicus

Osteichthyes - Diacodexeidae

Taxonomy
Mioclaenus etsagicus was named by Cope (1882). Its type specimen is AMNH 4698, a set of teeth (LP3-M3, RP3-M3), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Pantolestes etsagicus by Cope (1883); it was recombined as Systemodon etsagicus by Cope (1884), Granger (1908); it was recombined as Trigonolestes etsagicus by Roger (1896), Matthew (1899), Hay (1902); it was recombined as Eohyus etsagicus by Wortman (1898); it was recombined as Eohippus etsagicus by Granger (1908), Hay (1930), Stirton (1940); it was recombined as Helohyus etsagicus by Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Hyracotherium etsagicus by Denison (1937); it was recombined as Hyracotherium angustidens etsagicum by Kitts (1956); it was recombined as Bunophorus etsagicus by Sinclair (1914), Gazin (1962), Guthrie (1967), Gingerich (1980), Stucky and Krishtalka (1990), Stucky (1998), Theodor et al. (2007).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
B. cappettai, B. small sp.

Synonyms
  • Eohippus borealis was named by Granger (1908). Its type specimen is AMNH 214, a mandible ( fragments of right and left lower jaws with right p2-m3, and left p3-m3), and it is a 3D body fossil.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium angustidens etsagicum by Kitts (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Eohippus angustidens by Froehlich (1999).
  • Eohippus resartus was named by Granger (1908). Its type specimen is AMNH 4657, a mandible (fragment of left lower jaw with p3-m3 and in doubtful association fragments of upper jaws with left P4-M1 and right M2-M3), and it is a 3D body fossil.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium angustidens etsagicum by Kitts (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium cristatum by Gingerich (1991).
  • Hyracotherium cristatum was named by Wortman (1896). Its type specimen is AMNH 258b, a mandible (fragment of lower jaw with p3-m2), and it is a 3D body fossil.

    It was recombined as Eohippus cristatus by Hay (1902), Granger (1908), Hay (1930), Stirton (1940); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium angustidens etsagicum by Kitts (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Systemodon tapirinus by Froehlich (2002).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1882Mioclaenus etsagicus Cope pp. 188-190
1883Pantolestes etsagicus Cope
1884Systemodon etsagicus Cope
1896Trigonolestes etsagicus Roger
1896Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman p. 96
1898Eohyus etsagicus Wortman
1899Trigonolestes etsagicus Matthew
1902Eohippus cristatus Hay p. 609
1902Trigonolestes etsagicus Hay p. 649
1908Eohippus borealis Granger
1908Eohippus cristatus Granger
1908Eohippus etsagicus Granger
1908Eohippus resartus Granger
1908Systemodon etsagicus Granger
1908Eohippus resartus Granger p. 240
1908Eohippus borealis Granger p. 242 figs. Plate XV, Figure 3
1909Helohyus etsagicus Matthew
1914Bunophorus etsagicus Sinclair
1930Eohippus cristatus Hay
1930Eohippus etsagicus Hay
1937Hyracotherium etsagicus Denison
1940Eohippus borealis Stirton
1940Eohippus cristatus Stirton
1940Eohippus etsagicus Stirton
1940Eohippus resartus Stirton p. 168
1956Hyracotherium angustidens etsagicum Kitts p. 40
1962Bunophorus etsagicus Gazin
1967Bunophorus etsagicus Guthrie
1980Bunophorus etsagicus Gingerich
1990Bunophorus etsagicus Stucky and Krishtalka p. 151 fig. 1
1991Hyracotherium cristatum Gingerich
1998Hyracotherium cristatum MacFadden p. 542
1998Bunophorus etsagicus Stucky
2007Bunophorus etsagicus Theodor et al. p. 40

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
familyDiacodexeidae
genusBunophorus
speciesetsagicus()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Bunophorus etsagicus Cope 1882
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Invalid names: Eohippus borealis Granger 1908 [synonym], Eohippus resartus Granger 1908 [synonym], Hyracotherium cristatum Wortman 1896 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D. B. Kitts 1956Size large, length of m3 (33 specimens), mode 11.4-12.0, mean 11.90.
R. K. Stucky and L. Krishtalka 1990Differs from B. robustus, B. grangeri and B. pattersoni in having a vestigial to absent M1_3 paraconid, and in lacking a paraconid on P4; unlike B. macropternus, P4 not as hyperinflated in proportion to and M3 without labial cingulid; unlike B. sinclairi and B. pattersoni, P4 more inflated (and anteriorly bulbous) in proportion to M1; unlike B. sinclairi, P4 lacking metaconid, M1_3 with stronger, uninterrupted cristid obliqua, and P c M 3 less bunodont, with trigonid higher than talonid; larger than B. robustus, B. macropternus and B. pattersoni.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingg
Diet: herbivoreg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:10:57
Modified: 2005-09-02 12:01:24
Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Stucky 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: Graybullian or 56.00000 to 51.10000 Ma

Collections (59 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Graybullian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Hyracotherium cristatum (15701)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Bunophorus etsagicus (15710 15937 15938 15964 15983 46705 46751 46820) Bunophorus etsagicus, Hyracotherium cristatum (15694 15707 46734 46745) Hyracotherium cristatum (15692 15695 15697 15702 15703 15704 15705 15706 46682 46683 46692 46696 46699 46700 46701 46703 46704 46707 46711 46712 46714 46718 46729 46733 46736 46740 46741 46742 46746 46747 46748 46754 46755 46760 46761 46764 46767 46825 46826 46827 46847 46849)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Wyoming) Bunophorus etsagicus (15685) Bunophorus etsagicus, Hyracotherium cristatum (15684) Hyracotherium cristatum (15680 15700)