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Equus (Asinus) cumminsi
Taxonomy
Equus cumminsii was named by Cope (1893). It is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Protohippus cumminsii by Gidley (1901), Gidley (1903), Gidley (1907) and Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Merychippus cumminsii by Hay (1902) and Trouessart (1905); it was recombined as Pliohippus cumminsii by Merriam (1917), Osborn (1918), Frick (1921) and Hay (1930); it was recombined as Plesippus cumminsii by Matthew and Stirton (1930), Gazin (1936), Schultz (1936) and Hibbard (1944); it was corrected as Equus cumminsi by Stirton (1940) and Dalquest (1975); it was recombined as Asinus cumminsii by Quinn (1955); it was recombined as Equus (Asinus) cumminsi by Akersten (1972); it was recombined as Equus (Asinus) cumminsii by Skinner and Hibbard (1972); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Equus (Dolichohippus) simplicidens by MacFadden (1998).
It was recombined as Protohippus cumminsii by Gidley (1901), Gidley (1903), Gidley (1907) and Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Merychippus cumminsii by Hay (1902) and Trouessart (1905); it was recombined as Pliohippus cumminsii by Merriam (1917), Osborn (1918), Frick (1921) and Hay (1930); it was recombined as Plesippus cumminsii by Matthew and Stirton (1930), Gazin (1936), Schultz (1936) and Hibbard (1944); it was corrected as Equus cumminsi by Stirton (1940) and Dalquest (1975); it was recombined as Asinus cumminsii by Quinn (1955); it was recombined as Equus (Asinus) cumminsi by Akersten (1972); it was recombined as Equus (Asinus) cumminsii by Skinner and Hibbard (1972); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Equus (Dolichohippus) simplicidens by MacFadden (1998).
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1893 | Equus cumminsii Cope p. 67 |
| 1901 | Protohippus cumminsii Gidley p. 126 fig. 17 |
| 1902 | Merychippus cumminsii Hay p. 616 |
| 1903 | Protohippus cumminsii Gidley |
| 1905 | Merychippus cumminsii Trouessart |
| 1907 | Protohippus cumminsii Gidley |
| 1909 | Protohippus cumminsii Matthew |
| 1917 | Pliohippus cumminsii Merriam |
| 1918 | Pliohippus cumminsii Osborn p. 168 figs. Plate 24.3,4. Text Fig. 135 |
| 1921 | Pliohippus cumminsii Frick |
| 1930 | Pliohippus cumminsii Hay |
| 1930 | Plesippus cumminsii Matthew and Stirton |
| 1936 | Plesippus cumminsii Gazin |
| 1936 | Plesippus cumminsii Schultz |
| 1940 | Equus cumminsi Stirton p. 192 |
| 1944 | Plesippus cumminsii Hibbard |
| 1955 | Asinus cumminsii Quinn p. 52 |
| 1966 | Equus cumminsii Strain |
| 1972 | Equus (Asinus) cumminsi Akersten pp. 34 - 36 figs. Figure 16, E, F, G |
| 1972 | Equus (Asinus) cumminsii Skinner and Hibbard p. 129 |
| 1975 | Equus cumminsi Dalquest p. 33 |
| 1980 | Equus cumminsii Kurten and Anderson p. 287 |
| 1995 | Equus cumminsii Kelly p. 14 |
| 1998 | Equus cuminsii Kelly p. 39 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Equus (Asinus) cumminsi Cope 1893
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Cope, 1893, p. 67) (1) Of smaller size than the type of Pliohippus simplicidens. (2) Enamel borders
of fossettes entirely simple [due to extreme wear]; (3) prominent convexity of the internal wall of the paracone and metacone, from which it results that the external enamel border of each fossette is deeply concave [convex]; (4) proto- cone with a short anteroposterior diameter as in P. simplicidens, not bilobate or grooved on the internal face; (5) an angle of the posterior border of the prefossette represents the loop [crochet fold]; (6) cylindric character of paracone and metacone. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: Blancan or 4.90000 to 1.80000 Ma
Collections (11 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | Equus cumminsi (20059) Equus cumminsii (20023 20031 20041 20050 20052 20056 20060) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | Equus cumminsii (19968) Equus simplicidens (19979) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Equus cumminsii (19929) |