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Parahippus brevidens
Taxonomy
Anchippus brevidens was named by Marsh (1874). Its type specimen is YPM 11274, a set of teeth (three upper molar teeth, m2-3 of the left side, ?m1 or p4 of the left side), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Mascall Type Locality, which is in a Miocene terrestrial horizon in the Mascall Formation of Oregon.
It was synonymized subjectively with Parahippus avus by Downs (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus relictus by Fremd (1994); it was synonymized subjectively with Desmatippus avus by MacFadden (1998); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Parahippus brevidens by Gidley (1904), Gidley (1906), Gidley (1907), Merriam and Sinclair (1907), Osborn (1918), Hay (1930), Bode (1935), Schlaikjer (1937), Stirton (1940), Stoneburg et al. (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Parahippus avus by Downs (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus relictus by Fremd (1994); it was synonymized subjectively with Desmatippus avus by MacFadden (1998); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Parahippus brevidens by Gidley (1904), Gidley (1906), Gidley (1907), Merriam and Sinclair (1907), Osborn (1918), Hay (1930), Bode (1935), Schlaikjer (1937), Stirton (1940), Stoneburg et al. (2021).
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2003-01-23; modified by J. Marcot on 2017-12-21
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1874 | Anchippus brevidens Marsh p. 254 |
| 1902 | Anchippus brevidens Hay p. 615 |
| 1904 | Parahippus brevidens Gidley p. 192 |
| 1906 | Parahippus brevidens Gidley p. 388 |
| 1907 | Parahippus brevidens Gidley p. 896 |
| 1907 | Parahippus brevidens Merriam and Sinclair |
| 1918 | Parahippus brevidens Osborn p. 89 figs. Plate 8.11. Text Fig. 66 |
| 1930 | Parahippus brevidens Hay |
| 1935 | Parahippus brevidens Bode p. 47 |
| 1937 | Parahippus brevidens Schlaikjer p. 272 |
| 1940 | Parahippus brevidens Stirton p. 177 |
| 2021 | Parahippus brevidens Stoneburg et al. pp. 6 - 7 figs. Figure 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Parahippus brevidens Marsh 1874
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Marsh, 1874, Osborn, 1918) (1) Antero-median lobe [protoconule] forwardly placed, hence its worn
surface is not in the same line with that of the antero-internallobe (protocone]; (2) posterior crescentoid tubercle [meta- ·conule] isolated, wearing into an ear-shaped lobe, inclosing a pit [postfossette] with cement; (3) molar crowns unusually short [subhypsodont] even when unworn; (4) enamel of crown and of ectoloph [m3] covered with cement; (5) outer lobes [paracone and metacone] with only a faint indication of the median ridge and their concave surfaces; (6) the buttresses [para-, meso-, and metastyles] enclosing these faces are prominent; (7) metaloph ptychoid on both sides; (8) m3 small; (9) metaloph at an early stage of wear uniting with hypocone and not with hypostyle. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Hemingfordian to the top of the Barstovian or 18.50000 to 12.50000 Ma
Collections (2 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | USA (Oregon) | Anchippus brevidens (18953) | |
| Late/Upper Hemingfordian - Barstovian | USA (California) | Parahippus brevidens (237752) |