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Parahippus brevidens

Osteichthyes - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Anchippus brevidens was named by Marsh (1874). Its type specimen is YPM 11274, a set of teeth (three upper molar teeth, m2-3 of the left side, ?m1 or p4 of the left side), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Mascall Type Locality, which is in a Miocene terrestrial horizon in the Mascall Formation of Oregon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Parahippus avus by Downs (1956); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus relictus by Fremd (1994); it was synonymized subjectively with Desmatippus avus by MacFadden (1998); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Parahippus brevidens by Gidley (1904), Gidley (1906), Gidley (1907), Merriam and Sinclair (1907), Osborn (1918), Hay (1930), Bode (1935), Schlaikjer (1937), Stirton (1940), Stoneburg et al. (2021).

Entered
by J. Alroy on 2003-01-23; modified by J. Marcot on 2017-12-21

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1874Anchippus brevidens Marsh p. 254
1902Anchippus brevidens Hay p. 615
1904Parahippus brevidens Gidley p. 192
1906Parahippus brevidens Gidley p. 388
1907Parahippus brevidens Gidley p. 896
1907Parahippus brevidens Merriam and Sinclair
1918Parahippus brevidens Osborn p. 89 figs. Plate 8.11. Text Fig. 66
1930Parahippus brevidens Hay
1935Parahippus brevidens Bode p. 47
1937Parahippus brevidens Schlaikjer p. 272
1940Parahippus brevidens Stirton p. 177
2021Parahippus brevidens Stoneburg et al. pp. 6 - 7 figs. Figure 5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyAnchitheriinae()
genusParahippus()
speciesbrevidens()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Parahippus brevidens Marsh 1874
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1918(Marsh, 1874, Osborn, 1918) (1) Antero-median lobe [protoconule] forwardly placed, hence its worn
surface is not in the same line with that of the antero-internallobe (protocone]; (2) posterior crescentoid tubercle [meta- ·conule] isolated, wearing into an ear-shaped lobe, inclosing a pit [postfossette] with cement; (3) molar crowns unusually short [subhypsodont] even when unworn; (4) enamel of crown and of ectoloph [m3] covered with cement; (5) outer lobes [paracone and metacone] with only a faint indication of the median ridge and their concave surfaces; (6) the buttresses [para-, meso-, and metastyles] enclosing these faces are prominent; (7) metaloph ptychoid on both sides; (8) m3 small; (9) metaloph at an early stage of wear uniting with hypocone and not with hypostyle.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:55:50
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Hemingfordian to the top of the Barstovian or 18.50000 to 12.50000 Ma

Collections (2 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Oregon) Anchippus brevidens (18953)
Late/Upper Hemingfordian - Barstovian18.5 - 12.5USA (California) Parahippus brevidens (237752)