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Phlyctaeniiformes

Placodermi - Phlyctaeniiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2019Phlyctaeniiformes van der Laan p. 30

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
classPlacodermiM'Coy 1848
—Arthrodira(Woodward 1891)
orderPhlyctaeniiformes
orderPhlyctaeniiformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. †Arctaspididae Goujet 1984
+
G. †Arctaspis Heintz 1929
+
†Arctaspis hoegi Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis hoeli Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis holtedahli Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis kiaeri Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis maxima Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis minor Heintz 1929
Fm. †Arctolepididae Heintz 1937
+
G. †Arctolepis Eastman 1908
+
†Arctolepis brevis Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis decipiens Woodward 1891
†Arctolepis lata Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis lewini Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis longicornis Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis solnoerdali Heintz 1929
G. †Plataspis Westwood 1837
Subor. †Brachythoraci Gross 1932
+
Unr. †Aspinothoracidi Miles and Dennis 1979
+
Fm. †Brachydeiridae Gross 1932
+
G. †Auchenosteus Jaekel 1919
G. †Brachydeirus Koenen 1880
+
†Brachydeirus bicarinatus Stensio 1963
†Brachydeirus carinatus Koenen 1880
†Brachydeirus gracilis Gross 1932
†Brachydeirus grandis Gross 1932
†Brachydeirus magnus Gross 1933
†Brachydeirus minor Gross 1932
Fm. †Braunosteidae Stensio 1963
+
G. †Braunosteus Stensiö 1959
+
†Braunosteus schmidti Stensiö 1959
Fm. †Bulbocanthidae Young and Goujet 2003
+
G. †Bulbocanthus Bryant 1932
+
†Bulbocanthus rugosus Bryant 1932
Fm. †Dinichthyidae Newberry 1888
+
G. †Brachygnathus Agassiz 1843
G. †Brontichthys Claypole 1894
+
†Brontichthys clarki Claypole 1894
G. †Dinichthys Newberry 1868
+
†Dinichthys canadensis Whiteaves 1892
†Dinichthys curtus Newberry 1888
†Dinichthys denisoni Kulczycki 1957
†Dinichthys gouldii Newberry 1885
†Dinichthys gracilis Claypole 1893
†Dinichthys halmodeus Clarke 1894
†Dinichthys herzeri Newberry 1868
†Dinichthys intermedius Newberry 1889
†Dinichthys jeffersonensis Branson and Mehl 1931
†Dinichthys lincolni Claypole 1893
†Dinichthys minor Newberry 1878
†Dinichthys newberryi Clarke 1885
†Dinichthys precursor Newberry 1889
†Dinichthys prentisclarki Claypole 1896
†Dinichthys ringuebergi Newberry 1889
†Dinichthys terrelli Miller 1892
†Dinichthys tuberculatus Newberry 1888
G. †Eastmanosteus Obruchev 1964
+
†Eastmanosteus aduncus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Eastmanosteus calliaspis DENNIS-BRYAN 1987
†Eastmanosteus egloni Obrucheva 1956
†Eastmanosteus licharevi Obrucheva 1956
†Eastmanosteus precursor Newberry 1889
†Eastmanosteus pustulosus Eastman 1897
†Eastmanosteus tuberculatus Newberry 1888
G. †Holdenius Dunkle and Bungart 1942
+
†Holdenius holdeni Dunkle and Bungart 1942
G. †Perissognathus Hussakof and Bryant
G. †Stenognathus Newberry 1889
+
†Stenognathus corrugatus Newberry 1889
G. †Westralichthys Long 1987
+
G. †Gorgonichthys Claypole 1892
+
†Gorgonichthys clarki Claypole 1892
Fm. †Hadrosteidae Gross 1932
+
G. †Hadrosteus Gross 1932
+
†Hadrosteus rapax Gross 1932
G. †Heintzichthys Whitley 1933
+
†Heintzichthys denticulatus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Heintzichthys gouldii Newberry 1885
†Heintzichthys insignis Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Heintzichthys mixeri Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Heintzichthys ringuebergi Newberry 1889
Fm. †Leiosteidae Stensiö 1963
+
G. †Erromenosteus Jaeckel 1919
+
†Erromenosteus concavus Gross 1932
†Erromenosteus diensti Stensio 1959
†Erromenosteus inflatus Stensio 1963
†Erromenosteus koeneni Stensio 1963
†Erromenosteus lucifer Jaekel 1919
G. †Leiosteus Gross 1932
Fm. †Leptosteidae Jaekel 1911
+
G. †Leptosteus Jaeckel 1919
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†Leptosteus bickensis Koenen 1876
†Leptosteus involutus Bryant 1931
Fm. †Titanichthyidae Dean 1901
+
G. †Holopetalichthys Koenen 1895
G. †Oxyosteus Jaeckel 1911
+
†Oxyosteus magnus Gross 1932
†Oxyosteus rostratus Gross 1932
G. †Synauchenia Jaeckel 1919
+
†Synauchenia coalescens Gross 1932
G. †Titanichthys Newberry 1885
+
†Titanichthys agassizii Newberry 1885
†Titanichthys attenuatus Wright 1893
†Titanichthys brevis Claypole 1896
†Titanichthys clarkii Newberry 1887
†Titanichthys kozlowskii Kulczycki 1957
†Titanichthys rectus Claypole 1893
†Titanichthys termieri Lehman 1954
Fm. †Buchanosteidae White 1952
+
G. †Buchanosteus Stensiö 1945
+
G. †Richardosteus Long et al. 2014
Superfm. †Buchanosteoidea Denison 1978
+
G. †Exutaspis Liu and Wang 1981
+
†Exutaspis megista Liu and Wang 1981
Fm. †Williamsaspidae White 1952
+
G. †Elvaspis Young 2009
+
†Elvaspis tuberculata Young 2009
†Elvaspis whitei Young 2009
Superfm. †Coccosteoidea Denison 1978
+
Fm. †Coccosteidae Asmuss 1856
+
G. †Agassichthys Newberry 1857
G. †Anomalichthys Koenen 1883
G. †Aspidophorus Newberry 1870
G. †Asteroplax Woodward 1891
G. †Belgiosteus Lehman 1973
+
†Belgiosteus mortelmansi Lehman 1973
G. †Brachydirus Koenen 1880
G. †Clarkeosteus Obruchev 1964
+
†Clarkeosteus halmodeus Clarke 1894
G. †Coccosteus Agassiz 1843
+
†Coccosteus canadensis Woodward 1892
†Coccosteus carbonarius M'Coy 1848
†Coccosteus chamberlini Bryant 1932
†Coccosteus cuspidatus Miller 1841
+
Invalid names: Millerosteus orvikui Gross 1940 [synonym]
†Coccosteus cuyahogae Claypole 1898
†Coccosteus decipiens Agassiz 1841
†Coccosteus disjectus Woodward 1891
†Coccosteus grossi Obrucheva 1962
†Coccosteus hercynius von Meyer 1852
†Coccosteus macromus Cope 1892
†Coccosteus markae Obrucheva 1962
†Coccosteus minor Miller 1858
†Coccosteus occidentalis Newberry 1875
†Coccosteus terranovae Obruchev 1934
G. †Dickosteus Miles and Westoll 1962
+
†Dickosteus threiplandi Miles and Westoll 1962
G. †Eldenosteus Hussakof 1942
+
†Eldenosteus arizonensis Hussakof 1942
G. †Lispognathus Miller 1892
G. †Livosteus Obrucheva 1962
+
†Livosteus grandis Gross 1933
G. †Millerosteus Stensio 1959
+
†Millerosteus minor Miller 1858
G. †Physichthys Meyer 1855
G. †Ponerichthys Miller 1892
G. †Siphonodus Fischer von Waldheim 1852
G. †Watsonosteus Miles and Westoll 1963
+
†Watsonosteus fletti Watson 1932
G. †Woodwardosteus White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
†Woodwardosteus spatulatus Newberry 1873
Invalid names: Coccosteinae Hay 1902 [empty]
+
Fm. †Bungartiidae Denison 1975
+
G. †Bungartius Dunkle 1947
+
†Bungartius perissus Dunkle 1947
Fm. †Camuropiscidae Dennis and Miles 1979
+
G. †Camuropiscis Dennis and Miles 1979
+
†Camuropiscis concinnus Dennis and Miles 1979
†Camuropiscis laidlawi Dennis and Miles 1979
G. †Fallacosteus Long 1990
+
†Fallacosteus turneri Long 1990
G. †Incisoscutum Dennis and Miles 1981
+
†Incisoscutum ritchiei DENNIS and MILES 1981
†Incisoscutum sarahae Long 1994
Invalid names: Gogosteus Long 1994 [synonym]
Fm. †Mylostomatidae Woodward 1891
+
G. †Dinomylostoma Eastman 1906
+
†Dinomylostoma beecheri Eastman 1906
†Dinomylostoma buffaloensis Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Dinomylostoma eastmani Hussakof 1913
G. †Kendrickichthys Dennis and Miles 1980
+
†Kendrickichthys cavernosus Dennis and Miles 1980
G. †Mylostoma Newberry 1883
+
†Mylostoma eurhinus Dunkle and Bungart 1945
†Mylostoma newberryi Eastman 1907
†Mylostoma terrelli Newberry 1883
†Mylostoma variabile Newberry 1883
G. †Tafilalichthys Lehman 1956
+
†Tafilalichthys lavocati Lehman 1956
G. †Trachosteus Newberry 1890
+
†Trachosteus clarkii Newberry 1889
Fm. †Torosteidae Gardiner and Miles 1990
+
G. †Torosteus Gardiner and Miles 1990
+
†Torosteus pulchellus Gardiner and Miles 1990
†Torosteus tuberculatus Gardiner and Miles 1990
Fm. †Trematosteidae Gross 1932
+
G. †Belosteus Jaeckel 1927
+
†Belosteus elegans Jaekel 1919
G. †Brachyosteus Jaeckel 1927
+
†Brachyosteus dietrichi Gross 1932
†Brachyosteus ooensis Gross 1937
G. †Cyrtosteus Gross 1932
+
†Cyrtosteus inflatus Koenen 1880
+
†Parabelosteus pusillus Gross 1932
G. †Trematosteus Jaeckel 1927
+
G. †Doseyosteus Young 2004
+
†Doseyosteus talenti Young 2004
Fm. †Gemuendenaspidae Miles 1962
+
G. †Gemuendenaspis Miles 1962
+
†Gemuendenaspis angusta Traquair 1903
Superfm. †Heterosteoidea Denison 1984
+
Fm. †Heterosteidae Jaekel 1903
+
G. †Herasmius Orvig 1969
+
†Herasmius granulatus Orvig 1969
Fm. †Homostiidae Jaekel 1903
+
G. †Angarichthys Obruchev 1927
+
†Angarichthys hyperboreus Obruchev 1927
G. †Antineosteus Lelievre 1984
+
†Antineosteus lehmani Ruecklin et al. 2018
†Antineosteus rufus Vaškaninová and Kraft 2014
G. †Burrinjucosteus White 1978
+
G. †Cavanosteus Young 2004
+
†Cavanosteus australis McCoy 1876
G. †Dhanguura Young 2004
+
†Dhanguura johnstoni Young 2004
G. †Euleptaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
†Euleptaspis depressa Gross 1933
G. †Goodradigbeeon White 1978
+
G. †Homostius Asmuss 1840
+
†Homosteus milleri Traquair 1849
†Homostius arcticus Heintz 1934
†Homostius formosissimus Asmuss 1856
†Homostius kochi Stensio 1938
†Homostius latus Asmuss 1856
†Homostius manitobensis Okulitch 1944
†Homostius sulcatus Kutorga 1837
G. †Lophostracon Lankester 1884
+
†Lophostracon spitzbergense Lankester 1884
G. †Luetkeichthys Bystrow 1957
+
†Luetkeichthys borealis Bystrow 1957
G. †Tityosteus Gross 1960
+
†Tityosteus rieversi Gross 1960
G. †Maideria Lelievre 1995
+
†Maideria falipoui Lelievre 1995
Unr. †Pachyosteomorphi Stensiö 1944
+
Fm. †Dunkleosteidae Stensiö 1963
+
G. †Dunkleosteus Newberry 1874
+
†Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus Carr and Hlavin 2010
†Dunkleosteus belgicus Leriche 1931
†Dunkleosteus denisoni Kulczycki 1957
†Dunkleosteus magnificus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
†Dunkleosteus marsaisi Lehman 1954
†Dunkleosteus newberryi Clarke 1885
†Dunkleosteus raveri Carr and Hlavin 2010
†Dunkleosteus terrelli Newberry 1873
G. †Golshanichthys Lelievre et al. 1981
+
†Golshanichthys asiatica Lelievre et al. 1981
G. †Heterostius Asmuss 1856
+
†Heterosteus asmussi Agassiz 1844
†Heterosteus convexus Asmuss 1856
†Heterosteus groenlandicus Stensio 1938
†Heterosteus ingens Asmuss 1856
†Heterosteus rhenanus Gross 1933
G. †Hussakofia Cossman 1910
+
†Hussakofia minor Newberry 1878
G. †Ichthyosauroides Kutorga 1837
G. †Xiangshuiosteus Wang 1992
+
†Xiangshuiosteus wui Wang 1992
G. †Kiangyousteus Liu 1955
+
†Kiangyousteus yohii Liu 1955
Fm. †Panxiosteidae Wang 1979
+
G. †Janiosteus Ivanov 1989
+
†Janiosteus timanicus Ivanov 1989
G. †Panxiosteus Wang 1979
+
†Panxiosteus oculus Wang 1979
G. †Plourdosteus Orvig 1951
+
†Plourdosteus canadensis Woodward 1892
†Plourdosteus grossi Kulczycki 1957
†Plourdosteus livonicus Eastman 1896
†Plourdosteus magnus Traquair 1895
†Plourdosteus mironovi Obruchev 1933
†Plourdosteus panderi Obrucheva 1962
†Plourdosteus timanicus Obrucheva 1962
†Plourdosteus trautscholdi Eastman 1897
Invalid names: Tomaiosteus Kulczycki 1957 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhachiosteidae Stensiö 1963
+
G. †Rachiosteus Gross 1938
+
Invalid names: Dunkleosteoidea Vézina 1990 [empty]
Fm. †Parabuchanosteidae Long et al. 2014
+
G. †Parabuchanosteus Young 1979
+
Invalid names: Brachydeiroidea Denison 1978 [empty], Dinichthyoidea Denison 1978 [empty], Homosteoidea Denison 1978 [empty]
Fm. †Gronlandaspididae Obruchev 1964
+
G. †Boomeraspis Long 1995
+
†Boomeraspis goujeti Long 1995
G. †Gronlandaspis Heintz 1932
+
†Groenlandaspis antarctica Ritchie 1975
†Groenlandaspis disjectus Woodward 1891
†Groenlandaspis howittensis Fitzpatrick et al. 2024
†Groenlandaspis mirabilis Heintz 1932
†Groenlandaspis pennsylvanica Daeschler et al. 2003
†Groenlandaspis potyi Olive et al. 2015
†Groenlandaspis riniensis Long et al. 1997
†Groenlandaspis seni Janvier and Ritchie 1977
†Groenlandaspis silva Deschenes 2019
†Groenlandaspis theroni Chaloner et al. 1980
†Groenlandaspis thorezi Janvier and Clement 2005
G. †Mulgaspis Ritchie 2004
+
†Mulgaspis altus Ritchie 2004
†Mulgaspis evansorum Ritchie 2004
G. †Turrisaspis Daeschler et al. 2003
+
†Turrisaspis elektor Daeschler et al. 2003
†Turrisaspis strudensis Olive et al. 2016
Fm. †Holonematidae Obruchev 1932
+
G. †Belemnacanthus Eastman 1898
+
†Belemnacanthus giganteus Eastman 1898
G. †Deirosteus Wells 1942
+
†Deirosteus abbreviatus Eastman 1907
†Deirosteus angustatus Obruchev 1961
†Deirosteus omaliusii Agassiz 1844
G. †Deveonema Kulczycki 1957
+
†Deveonema obrucevi Kulczycki 1957
G. †Gyroplacosteus Obrutschev 1930
+
†Gyroplacosteus butovi Obruchev 1932
†Gyroplacosteus panderi Obruchev 1932
†Gyroplacosteus vialowi Kulczycki 1957
G. †Holonema Newberry 1890
+
†Holonema arcticum Mark-Kurik 1975
†Holonema farrowi Stevens 1964
†Holonema haiti Denison 1968
†Holonema harmae Mark 1953
†Holonema horrida Cope 1892
†Holonema obrutshevi Mark 1953
†Holonema ornatum Traquair 1908
†Holonema radiatum Obruchev 1932
†Holonema rugosa Claypole 1883
†Holonema westolli Miles 1971
G. †Megaloplax Obrutschev 1933
+
†Megaloplax marginalis Eichwald 1871
G. †Rhenonema Obruchev 1964
+
†Rhenonema eifeliense Kayser 1880
G. †Tiaraspis Gross 1962
+
†Tiaraspis barbarae Bardenheuer 1990
†Tiaraspis subtilis Gross 1962
G. †Tropidosteus Gross 1933
+
†Tropidosteus curvatus Gross 1933
Fm. †Phlyctaeniidae Fowler 1947
+
G. †Aggeraspis Gross 1962
+
†Aggeraspis heintzi Gross 1933
G. †Barwickosteus Young and Long 2014
+
†Barwickosteus antarcticus Young and Long 2014
G. †Cartieraspis Pageau 1969
+
†Cartieraspis nigra Pageau 1969
G. †Diadsomaspis Gross 1937
+
†Diadsomaspis elongata Gross 1933
G. †Dicksonosteus Goujet 1975
+
†Dicksonosteus arcticus Goujet 1975
G. †Gaspeaspis Pageau 1969
+
†Gaspeaspis atholi Pageau 1969
†Gaspeaspis cassivii Pageau 1969
G. †Grifftaylor Young and Long 2014
+
†Grifftaylor antarcticus Young and Long 2014
G. †Heterogaspis Strand 1932
+
†Heterogaspis acuticornis Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis borealis Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis gigantea Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis hornsundi Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis minuta Heintz 1929
G. †Huginaspis Heintz 1929
+
†Huginaspis broeggeri Heintz 1929
†Huginaspis vogti Heintz 1929
G. †Jaekelaspis Heintz 1929
G. †Kolpaspis Pageau 1969
+
†Kolpaspis beaudryi Pageau 1969
G. †Neophlyctaenius White 1969
+
†Neophlyctaenius sherwoodi Denison 1950
G. †Pageauaspis Denison 1978
+
†Pageauaspis russelli Pageau 1969
+
Invalid names: Quebecaspis russelli Pageau 1969 [replaced]
G. †Phlyctaenaspis Traquair 1890
+
†Phlyctaenaspis anglica Traquair 1870
G. †Phlyctaenius Traquair 1890
+
†Phlyctaenius acadica Traquair 1890
†Phlyctaenius fulgens Pageau 1969
G. †Prosphymaspis Gross 1937
+
†Prosphymaspis corneti Leriche 1948
G. †Stipatosteus Plax and Newman 2020
+
†Stipatosteus svidunovitchi Plax and Newman 2020
G. †Williamsaspis White 1952
+
†Williamsaspis bedfordi White 1952
Subor. †Phlyctaenioidei
+
Invalid names: Phlyctaenii Miles 1973 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2004-08-17 14:23:32
Modified: 2004-08-17 16:33:26
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Lochkovian to the top of the Tournaisian or 419.62000 to 346.70000 Ma

Collections (178 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Czechia Holopetalichthys kosorensis (231818)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02United Kingdom (England) Plataspis sp. (90352)
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47Germany Tiaraspis subtilis (239016)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Czechia (Praha) Antineosteus rufus (157332)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Svalbard and Jan Mayen Arctolepis decipiens (237852)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Germany Tiaraspis subtilis, Tiaraspis barbarae (239017)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Norway Dicksonosteus arcticus (233178)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Australia (New South Wales) Cavanosteus australis (238698)
Pragian - Eifelian413.02 - 387.95Australia (New South Wales) Mulgaspis evansorum (235896)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Australia (New South Wales) Cavanosteus australis (238699)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Belgium (Namur) Groenlandaspis thorezi (32234 32235)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Belgium (Liege) Groenlandaspis potyi (208029)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Ireland Coccosteus decipiens (32230) Groenlandaspis disjectus (32228)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86USA (Pennsylvania) Groenlandaspididae indet. (238265) Turrisaspis elektor, Groenlandaspis pennsylvanica (35044)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86USA (ohio) Heintzichthys gouldi, Holdenius holdeni, Hussakofia minor, Bungartius perissus (233183)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Australia (New South Wales) Groenlandaspis sp. (235656)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Belgium Turrisaspis strudensis (131916)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86USA (Missouri) Dinichthys sp. (6026)
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7Greenland Groenlandaspis mirabilis (238312)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4United Kingdom Coccosteus carbonarius (132781)